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英文名：Xtandi Capsules（enzalutamide）
中文名：恩杂鲁胺胶囊
生产厂家：安斯泰来

部份中文波普瑞韦处方资料

药品介绍
雄激素受体抑制剂XTANDI(ENZALUTAMIDE)CAPSULE;ORAL获批准用于治疗晚期转移性或复发的去势抵抗性前列腺癌患者，和为了减少睾酮已进行了药物或手术治疗的患者。

恩杂鲁胺Xtandi是在FDA的优先审评程序下审评。 
FDA的药物评价和研究中心血液学和肿瘤产品室主任Richard Pazdur，M.D.说：“对晚期前列腺癌继续需要另外的治疗选择对于患者是重要的，”.

XTANDI (enzalutamide)胶囊为口服使用 
美国初次批准：2012 

适应证和用途 
XTANDI是一种雄激素受体抑制剂适用于治疗有转移去势耐受前列腺癌既往曾接受多西他奇[docetaxel]患者。  

剂量和给药方法 
恩杂鲁胺XTANDI 160 mg(40 mg胶囊/粒)口服给药每天1次。吞服整个胶囊。XTANDI可与或无食物服用。 

剂型和规格 
胶囊40 mg 

禁忌证 
妊娠 

警告和注意事项 
接受XTANDI患者0.9%发生癫痫发作。没有曾有癫痫发作患者，在有癫痫发作诱发因素患者，或同时使用药物可能降低癫痫发作阈患者中使用XTANDI的临床试验经验。

不良反应 
最常见不良反应(≥ 5%)是虚弱/疲劳，背痛，腹泻，关节痛，潮热，外周血水肿，肌肉骨骼痛，头痛，上呼吸道感染，肌肉无力，眩晕，失眠，下呼吸道感染，脊髓压迫症和马尾神经综合征，血尿，感觉异常，焦虑，和高血压。

药物相互作用 
（1）避免强CYP2C8抑制剂，因为它们可能增加对XTANDI血浆暴露。如需要共同给药，减低XTANDI剂量。 
（2）避免强或中度CYP3A4或CYP2C8 诱导剂因它们可能改变对XTANDI血浆暴露。  
（3）避免CYP3A4，CYP2C9和CYP2C19底物有狭窄治疗指数，因XTANDI可能减低这些药物的血浆暴露。如XTANDI是与华法林(CYP2C9底物)共同给药，进行附加的INR监测..

Indications and Usage for Xtandi

Xtandi® is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

Xtandi Dosage and Administration

Dosing Information

The recommended dose of Xtandi is 160 mg (four 40 mg capsules) administered orally once daily. Xtandi can be taken with or without food [see Clinical Pharmacology(12.3)]. Swallow capsules whole. Do not chew, dissolve, or open the capsules.

Dose Modifications

If a patient experiences a ≥ Grade 3 toxicity or an intolerable side effect, withhold dosing for one week or until symptoms improve to ≤ Grade 2, then resume at the same or a reduced dose (120 mg or 80 mg), if warranted.

Concomitant Strong CYP2C8 Inhibitors

The concomitant use of strong CYP2C8 inhibitors should be avoided if possible. If patients must be co-administered a strong CYP2C8 inhibitor, reduce the Xtandi dose to 80 mg once daily. If co-administration of the strong inhibitor is discontinued, the Xtandi dose should be returned to the dose used prior to initiation of the strong CYP2C8 inhibitor [see Drug Interactions (7.1) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Concomitant Strong CYP3A4 Inducers

The concomitant use of strong CYP3A4 inducers should be avoided if possible. If patients must be co-administered a strong CYP3A4 inducer, increase the Xtandi dose from 160 mg to 240 mg once daily. If co-administration of the strong CYP3A4 inducer is discontinued, the Xtandi dose should be returned to the dose used prior to initiation of the strong CYP3A4 inducer [see Drug Interactions (7.2) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Dosage Forms and Strengths

Xtandi 40 mg capsules are white to off-white oblong soft gelatin capsules imprinted in black ink with ENZ.

Contraindications

Pregnancy

Xtandi can cause fetal harm and potential loss of pregnancy [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].

Warnings and Precautions

5.1 Seizure

Seizure occurred in 0.5% of patients receiving Xtandi in clinical studies. In these trials patients with predisposing factors for seizure were generally excluded. Seizure occurred from 31 to 603 days after initiation of Xtandi. Patients experiencing seizure were permanently discontinued from therapy and all seizure events resolved.

In a single-arm trial designed to assess the risk of seizure in patients with pre-disposing factors for seizure, 8 of 366 (2.2%) Xtandi-treated patients experienced a seizure. Three of the 8 patients experienced a second seizure during continued treatment with Xtandi after their first seizure resolved. It is unknown whether anti-epileptic medications will prevent seizures with Xtandi. Patients in the study had one or more of the following pre-disposing factors: the use of medications that may lower the seizure threshold (~ 54%), history of traumatic brain or head injury (~ 28%), history of cerebrovascular accident or transient ischemic attack (~ 24%), and Alzheimer’s disease, meningioma, or leptomeningeal disease from prostate cancer, unexplained loss of consciousness within the last 12 months, past history of seizure, presence of a space occupying lesion of the brain, history of arteriovenous malformation, or history of brain infection (all < 5%). Approximately 17% of patients had more than one risk factor.

Advise patients of the risk of developing a seizure while receiving Xtandi and of engaging in any activity where sudden loss of consciousness could cause serious harm to themselves or others.

Permanently discontinue Xtandi in patients who develop a seizure during treatment.

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES)

There have been reports of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in patients receiving Xtandi [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)]. PRES is a neurological disorder which can present with rapidly evolving symptoms including seizure, headache, lethargy, confusion, blindness, and other visual and neurological disturbances, with or without associated hypertension. A diagnosis of PRES requires confirmation by brain imaging, preferably magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Discontinue Xtandi in patients who develop PRES.

Adverse Reactions

The following is discussed in more detail in other sections of the labeling:

Seizure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]

Clinical Trial Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Three randomized clinical trials enrolled patients with metastatic prostate cancer that has progressed on androgen deprivation therapy (GnRH therapy or bilateral orchiectomy), a disease setting that is also defined as metastatic CRPC. Two trials were placebo-controlled (Studies 1 and 2), and one trial was bicalutamide-controlled (Study 3). In Studies 1 and 2, patients received Xtandi 160 mg or placebo orally once daily. In Study 3, patients received Xtandi 160 mg or bicalutamide 50 mg orally once daily. All patients continued androgen deprivation therapy. Patients were allowed, but not required, to take glucocorticoids.

The most common adverse reactions (≥ 10%) that occurred more commonly (≥ 2% over placebo) in the Xtandi-treated patients from the two randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials were asthenia/fatigue, back pain, decreased appetite, constipation, arthralgia, diarrhea, hot flush, upper respiratory tract infection, peripheral edema, dyspnea, musculoskeletal pain, weight decreased, headache, hypertension, and dizziness/vertigo.

Study 1: Xtandi versus Placebo in Metastatic CRPC Following Chemotherapy

Study 1 enrolled 1199 patients with metastatic CRPC who had previously received docetaxel. The median duration of treatment was 8.3 months with Xtandi and 3.0 months with placebo. During the trial, 48% of patients on the Xtandi arm and 46% of patients on the placebo arm received glucocorticoids.

Grade 3 and higher adverse reactions were reported among 47% of Xtandi-treated patients and 53% of placebo-treated patients. Discontinuations due to adverse events were reported for 16% of Xtandi-treated patients and 18% of placebo-treated patients. The most common adverse reaction leading to treatment discontinuation was seizure, which occurred in 0.9% of the Xtandi-treated patients compared to none (0%) of the placebo-treated patients. Table 1 shows adverse reactions reported in Study 1 that occurred at a ≥ 2% higher frequency in the Xtandi arm compared to the placebo arm.

Table 1. Adverse Reactions in Study 1
	Xtandi N = 800		Placebo N = 399
	Grade 1-4a (%)	Grade 3-4 (%)	Grade 1-4 (%)	Grade 3-4 (%)
General Disorders
Asthenic Conditionsb	50.6	9.0	44.4	9.3
Peripheral Edema	15.4	1.0	13.3	0.8
Musculoskeletal And Connective Tissue Disorders
Back Pain	26.4	5.3	24.3	4.0
Arthralgia	20.5	2.5	17.3	1.8
Musculoskeletal Pain	15.0	1.3	11.5	0.3
Muscular Weakness	9.8	1.5	6.8	1.8
Musculoskeletal Stiffness	2.6	0.3	0.3	0.0
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Diarrhea	21.8	1.1	17.5	0.3
Vascular Disorders
Hot Flush	20.3	0.0	10.3	0.0
Hypertension	6.4	2.1	2.8	1.3
Nervous System Disorders
Headache	12.1	0.9	5.5	0.0
Dizzinessc	9.5	0.5	7.5	0.5
Spinal Cord Compression     and Cauda Equina Syndrome	7.4	6.6	4.5	3.8
Paresthesia	6.6	0.0	4.5	0.0
Mental Impairment Disordersd	4.3	0.3	1.8	0.0
Hypoesthesia	4.0	0.3	1.8	0.0
Infections And Infestations
Upper Respiratory Tract     Infectione	10.9	0.0	6.5	0.3
Lower Respiratory Tract And     Lung Infectionf	8.5	2.4	4.8	1.3
Psychiatric Disorders
Insomnia	8.8	0.0	6.0	0.5
Anxiety	6.5	0.3	4.0	0.0
Renal And Urinary Disorders
Hematuria	6.9	1.8	4.5	1.0
Pollakiuria	4.8	0.0	2.5	0.0
Injury, Poisoning And Procedural Complications
Fall	4.6	0.3	1.3	0.0
Non-pathologic Fractures	4.0	1.4	0.8	0.3
Skin And Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders
Pruritus	3.8	0.0	1.3	0.0
Dry Skin	3.5	0.0	1.3	0.0
Respiratory Disorders
Epistaxis	3.3	0.1	1.3	0.3
a    CTCAE v4 b    Includes asthenia and fatigue. c    Includes dizziness and vertigo. d    Includes amnesia, memory impairment, cognitive disorder, and disturbance in attention. e    Includes nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection, sinusitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, and laryngitis. f    Includes pneumonia, lower respiratory tract infection, bronchitis, and lung infection.

Study 2: Xtandi versus Placebo in Chemotherapy-naïve Metastatic CRPC

Study 2 enrolled 1717 patients with metastatic CRPC who had not received prior cytotoxic chemotherapy, of whom 1715 received at least one dose of study drug. The median duration of treatment was 17.5 months with Xtandi and 4.6 months with placebo. Grade 3-4 adverse reactions were reported in 44% of Xtandi-treated patients and 37% of placebo-treated patients. Discontinuations due to adverse events were reported for 6% of Xtandi-treated patients and 6% of placebo-treated patients. The most common adverse reaction leading to treatment discontinuation was fatigue/asthenia, which occurred in 1% of patients on each treatment arm. Table 2 includes adverse reactions reported in Study 2 that occurred at a ≥ 2% higher frequency in the Xtandi arm compared to the placebo arm.

Table 2. Adverse Reactions in Study 2
	Xtandi N = 871		Placebo N = 844
	Grade 1-4a (%)	Grade 3-4 (%)	Grade 1-4 (%)	Grade 3-4 (%)
General Disorders
Asthenic Conditionsb	46.9	3.4	33.0	2.8
Peripheral Edema	11.5	0.2	8.2	0.4
Musculoskeletal And Connective Tissue Disorders
Back Pain	28.6	2.5	22.4	3.0
Arthralgia	21.4	1.6	16.1	1.1
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Constipation	23.2	0.7	17.3	0.4
Diarrhea	16.8	0.3	14.3	0.4
Vascular Disorders
Hot Flush	18.0	0.1	7.8	0.0
Hypertension	14.2	7.2	4.1	2.3
Nervous System Disorders
Dizzinessc	11.3	0.3	7.1	0.0
Headache	11.0	0.2	7.0	0.4
Dysgeusia	7.6	0.1	3.7	0.0
Mental Impairment Disordersd	5.7	0.0	1.3	0.1
Restless Legs Syndrome	2.1	0.1	0.4	0.0
Respiratory Disorders
Dyspneae	11.0	0.6	8.5	0.6
Infections And Infestations
Upper Respiratory Tract     Infectionf	16.4	0.0	10.5	0.0
Lower Respiratory Tract And     Lung Infectiong	7.9	1.5	4.7	1.1
Psychiatric Disorders
Insomnia	8.2	0.1	5.7	0.0
Renal And Urinary Disorders
Hematuria	8.8	1.3	5.8	1.3
Injury, Poisoning And Procedural Complications
Fall	12.7	1.6	5.3	0.7
Non-Pathological Fracture	8.8	2.1	3.0	1.1
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders
Decreased Appetite	18.9	0.3	16.4	0.7
Investigations
Weight Decreased	12.4	0.8	8.5	0.2
Reproductive System and Breast disorders
Gynecomastia	3.4	0.0	1.4	0.0
a    CTCAE v4 b    Includes asthenia and fatigue. c    Includes dizziness and vertigo. d    Includes amnesia, memory impairment, cognitive disorder, and disturbance in attention. e    Includes dyspnea, exertional dyspnea, and dyspnea at rest. f    Includes nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection, sinusitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, and laryngitis. g    Includes pneumonia, lower respiratory tract infection, bronchitis, and lung infection.

Study 3: Xtandi versus Bicalutamide in Chemotherapy-naïve Metastatic CRPC

Study 3 enrolled 375 patients with metastatic CRPC who had not received prior cytotoxic chemotherapy, of whom 372 received at least one dose of study drug.  The median duration of treatment was 11.6 months with Xtandi and 5.8 months with bicalutamide. Discontinuations with an adverse event as the primary reason were reported for 7.6% of Xtandi-treated patients and 6.3% of bicalutamide-treated patients. The most common adverse reactions leading to treatment discontinuation were back pain and pathological fracture, which occurred in 3.8% of Xtandi-treated patients for each event and in 2.1% and 1.6% of bicalutamide-treated patients, respectively. Table 3shows overall and common adverse reactions (≥ 10%) in Xtandi-treated patients.

Table 3. Adverse Reactions in Study 3
	Xtandi (N=183)		Bicalutamide (N=189)
	Grade 1-4 a (%)	Grade 3-4 (%)	Grade 1-4 a (%)	Grade 3-4 (%)
Overall	94.0	38.8	94.2	37.6
General Disorders
Asthenic Conditionsb	31.7	1.6	22.8	1.1
Musculoskeletal And Connective Tissue Disorders
Back Pain	19.1	2.7	18.0	1.6
Musculoskeletal Painc	16.4	1.1	14.3	0.5
Vascular Disorders
Hot Flush	14.8	0	11.1	0
Hypertension	14.2	7.1	7.4	4.2
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Nausea	14.2	0	17.5	0
Constipation	12.6	1.1	13.2	0.5
Diarrhea	11.5	0	9.0	1.1
Infections And Infestations
Upper Respiratory Tract Infectiond	12.0	0	6.3	0.5
Investigational
Weight Loss	10.9	0.5	7.9	0.5
a    CTCAE v 4 b    Including asthenia and fatigue. c    Including musculoskeletal pain and pain in extremity d    Including nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection, sinusitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, and laryngitis

Laboratory Abnormalities

In the two randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials, Grade 1-4 neutropenia occurred in 15% of patients treated with Xtandi (1% Grade 3-4) and in 6% of patients treated with placebo (0.5% Grade 3-4). The incidence of Grade 1-4 thrombocytopenia was 6% of patients treated with Xtandi (0.3% Grade 3-4) and 5% of patients treated with placebo (0.5% Grade 3-4). Grade 1-4 elevations in ALT occurred in 10% of patients treated with Xtandi (0.2% Grade 3-4) and 16% of patients treated with placebo (0.2% Grade 3-4). Grade 1-4 elevations in bilirubin occurred in 3% of patients treated with Xtandi (0.1% Grade 3-4) and 2% of patients treated with placebo (no Grade 3-4).

Infections

In Study 1, 1% of patients treated with Xtandi compared to 0.3% of patients treated with placebo died from infections or sepsis. In Study 2, 1 patient in each treatment group (0.1%) had an infection resulting in death.

Falls and Fall-related Injuries

In the two randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials, falls including fall-related injuries, occurred in 9% of patients treated with Xtandi compared to 4% of patients treated with placebo. Falls were not associated with loss of consciousness or seizure. Fall-related injuries were more severe in patients treated with Xtandi and included non-pathologic fractures, joint injuries, and hematomas.

Hypertension

In the two randomized placebo-controlled trials, hypertension was reported in 11% of patients receiving Xtandi and 4% of patients receiving placebo. No patients experienced hypertensive crisis. Medical history of hypertension was balanced between arms. Hypertension led to study discontinuation in < 1% of patients in each arm.

Post-Marketing Experience

The following additional adverse reactions have been identified during post approval use of Xtandi. Because these reactions were reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate the frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Body as a Whole: hypersensitivity (tongue edema, lip edema, and pharyngeal edema)

Gastrointestinal Disorders: vomiting

Neurological Disorders: posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES)

Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: rash

Drug Interactions

Drugs that Inhibit CYP2C8

Co-administration of a strong CYP2C8 inhibitor (gemfibrozil) increased the composite area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of enzalutamide plus N-desmethyl enzalutamide by 2.2-fold. Co‑administration of Xtandi with strong CYP2C8 inhibitors should be avoided if possible. If co-administration of Xtandi with a strong CYP2C8 inhibitor cannot be avoided, reduce the dose of Xtandi [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Drugs that Induce CYP3A4

Co-administration of rifampin (strong CYP3A4 inducer and moderate CYP2C8 inducer) decreased the composite AUC of enzalutamide plus N-desmethyl enzalutamide by 37%. Co-administration of strong CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifabutin, rifampin, rifapentine) with Xtandi should be avoided if possible. St John’s wort may decrease enzalutamide exposure and should be avoided. If co-administration of a strong CYP3A4 inducer with Xtandi cannot be avoided, increase the dose of Xtandi [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Effect of Xtandi on Drug Metabolizing Enzymes

Enzalutamide is a strong CYP3A4 inducer and a moderate CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 inducer in humans. At steady state, Xtandi reduced the plasma exposure to midazolam (CYP3A4 substrate), warfarin (CYP2C9 substrate), and omeprazole (CYP2C19 substrate). Concomitant use of Xtandi with narrow therapeutic index drugs that are metabolized by CYP3A4 (e.g., alfentanil, cyclosporine, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, fentanyl, pimozide, quinidine, sirolimus and tacrolimus), CYP2C9 (e.g., phenytoin, warfarin) and CYP2C19 (e.g., S-mephenytoin) should be avoided, as enzalutamide may decrease their exposure. If co-administration with warfarin cannot be avoided, conduct additional INR monitoring [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

Pregnancy

Risk Summary

Xtandi is contraindicated for use in pregnant women because the drug can cause fetal harm and potential loss of pregnancy. Xtandi is not indicated for use in females. There are no human data on the use of Xtandi in pregnant women. In animal reproduction studies, oral administration of enzalutamide in pregnant mice during organogenesis caused adverse developmental effects at doses lower than the maximum recommended human dose (see Data).

Data

Animal Data

In an embryo-fetal developmental toxicity study in mice, enzalutamide caused developmental toxicity when administered at oral doses of 10 or 30 mg/kg/day throughout the period of organogenesis (gestational days 6-15). Findings included embryo-fetal lethality (increased post-implantation loss and resorptions) and decreased anogenital distance at ≥ 10 mg/kg/day, and cleft palate and absent palatine bone at 30 mg/kg/day. Doses of 30 mg/kg/day caused maternal toxicity. The doses tested in mice (1, 10 and 30 mg/kg/day) resulted in systemic exposures (AUC) approximately 0.04, 0.4 and 1.1 times, respectively, the exposures in patients. Enzalutamide did not cause developmental toxicity in rabbits when administered throughout the period of organogenesis (gestational days 6-18) at dose levels up to 10 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.4 times the exposures in patients based on AUC).

In a pharmacokinetic study in pregnant rats with a single oral 30 mg/kg enzalutamide administration on gestation day 14, enzalutamide and/or its metabolites were present in the fetus at a Cmax that was approximately 0.3 times the concentration found in maternal plasma and occurred 4 hours after administration.

Lactation

Risk Summary

Xtandi is not indicated for use in females. There is no information available on the presence of Xtandi in human milk, the effects of the drug on the breastfed infant, or the effects of the drug on milk production. Enzalutamide and/or its metabolites were present in milk of lactating rats (see Data).

Data

Following a single oral administration in lactating rats on postnatal day 14, enzalutamide and/or its metabolites were present in milk at a Cmax that was 4 times higher than concentrations in the plasma and occurred 4 hours after administration.

Females and Males of Reproductive Potential

Contraception

Males

Based on findings in animal reproduction studies, advise male patients with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment and for 3 months after the final dose of Xtandi [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].

Infertility

Based on animal studies, Xtandi may impair fertility in males of reproductive potential [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)].

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness of Xtandi in pediatric patients have not been established.

Geriatric Use

Of 1671 patients who received Xtandi in the two randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials, 75% were 65 and over, while 31% were 75 and over. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these patients and younger patients. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.

Patients with Renal Impairment

A dedicated renal impairment trial for Xtandi has not been conducted. Based on the population pharmacokinetic analysis using data from clinical trials in patients with metastatic CRPC and healthy volunteers, no significant difference in enzalutamide clearance was observed in patients with pre-existing mild to moderate renal impairment (30 mL/min ≤ creatinine clearance [CrCL] ≤ 89 mL/min) compared to patients and volunteers with baseline normal renal function (CrCL ≥ 90 mL/min). No initial dosage adjustment is necessary for patients with mild to moderate renal impairment. Severe renal impairment (CrCL < 30 mL/min) and end-stage renal disease have not been assessed [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Patients with Hepatic Impairment

Dedicated hepatic impairment trials compared the composite systemic exposure of enzalutamide plus N-desmethyl enzalutamide in volunteers with baseline mild, moderate, or severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class A, B, or C, respectively) versus healthy controls with normal hepatic function. The composite AUC of enzalutamide plus N-desmethyl enzalutamide was similar in volunteers with mild, moderate, or severe baseline hepatic impairment compared to volunteers with normal hepatic function. No initial dosage adjustment is necessary for patients with baseline mild, moderate, or severe hepatic impairment [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Overdosage

In the event of an overdose, stop treatment with Xtandi and initiate general supportive measures taking into consideration the half-life of 5.8 days. In a dose escalation study, no seizures were reported at <240 mg daily, whereas 3 seizures were reported, 1 each at 360 mg, 480 mg, and 600 mg daily. Patients may be at increased risk of seizure following an overdose.

Xtandi Description

Enzalutamide is an androgen receptor inhibitor. The chemical name is 4-{3-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-2-sulfanylideneimidazolidin-1-yl}-2-fluoro-N-methylbenzamide.

The molecular weight is 464.44 and molecular formula is C21H16F4N4O2S. The structural formula is:

Enzalutamide is a white crystalline non-hygroscopic solid. It is practically insoluble in water.

Xtandi is provided as liquid-filled soft gelatin capsules for oral administration. Each capsule contains 40 mg of enzalutamide as a solution in caprylocaproyl polyoxylglycerides. The inactive ingredients are caprylocaproyl polyoxylglycerides, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, gelatin, sorbitol sorbitan solution, glycerin, purified water, titanium dioxide, and black iron oxide.

Xtandi - Clinical Pharmacology

Mechanism of Action

Enzalutamide is an androgen receptor inhibitor that acts on different steps in the androgen receptor signaling pathway. Enzalutamide has been shown to competitively inhibit androgen binding to androgen receptors and inhibit androgen receptor nuclear translocation and interaction with DNA. A major metabolite, N‑desmethyl enzalutamide, exhibited similar in vitro activity to enzalutamide. Enzalutamide decreased proliferation and induced cell death of prostate cancer cells in vitro, and decreased tumor volume in a mouse prostate cancer xenograft model.

Pharmacodynamics

Cardiac Electrophysiology

The effect of enzalutamide 160 mg/day at steady state on the QTc interval was evaluated in 796 patients with metastatic CRPC. No large difference (i.e., greater than 20 ms) was observed between the mean QT interval change from baseline in patients treated with Xtandi and that in patients treated with placebo, based on the Fridericia correction method. However, small increases in the mean QTc interval (i.e., less than 10 ms) due to enzalutamide cannot be excluded due to limitations of the study design.

Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetics of enzalutamide and its major active metabolite (N-desmethyl enzalutamide) were evaluated in patients with metastatic CRPC and healthy male volunteers. The plasma enzalutamide pharmacokinetics are adequately described by a linear two-compartment model with first-order absorption.

Absorption

Following oral administration (Xtandi 160 mg daily) in patients with metastatic CRPC, the median time to reach maximum plasma enzalutamide concentrations (Cmax) is 1 hour (range 0.5 to 3 hours). At steady state, the plasma mean Cmax values for enzalutamide and N-desmethyl enzalutamide are 16.6 μg/mL (23% CV) and 12.7 μg/mL (30% CV), respectively, and the plasma mean predose trough values are 11.4 μg/mL (26% CV) and 13.0 μg/mL (30% CV), respectively.

With the daily dosing regimen, enzalutamide steady state is achieved by Day 28, and enzalutamide accumulates approximately 8.3-fold relative to a single dose. Daily fluctuations in enzalutamide plasma concentrations are low (mean peak-to-trough ratio of 1.25). At steady state, enzalutamide showed approximately dose proportional pharmacokinetics over the daily dose range of 30 to 360 mg.

A single 160 mg oral dose of Xtandi was administered to healthy volunteers with a high-fat meal or in the fasted condition. A high-fat meal did not alter the AUC to enzalutamide or N-desmethyl enzalutamide. The results are summarized in Figure 1.

Distribution and Protein Binding

The mean apparent volume of distribution (V/F) of enzalutamide in patients after a single oral dose is 110 L (29% CV).

Enzalutamide is 97% to 98% bound to plasma proteins, primarily albumin. N-desmethyl enzalutamide is 95% bound to plasma proteins. In vitro, there was no protein binding displacement between enzalutamide and other highly protein bound drugs (warfarin, ibuprofen, and salicylic acid) at clinically relevant concentrations.

Metabolism

Following single oral administration of 14C-enzalutamide 160 mg, plasma samples were analyzed for enzalutamide and its metabolites up to 77 days post dose. Enzalutamide, N-desmethyl enzalutamide, and a major inactive carboxylic acid metabolite accounted for 88% of the 14C-radioactivity in plasma, representing 30%, 49%, and 10%, respectively, of the total 14C-AUC0-inf.

In vitro, human CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 are responsible for the metabolism of enzalutamide. Based on in vivo and in vitro data, CYP2C8 is primarily responsible for the formation of the active metabolite (N-desmethyl enzalutamide). In vitro data suggest that carboxylesterase 1 metabolizes N-desmethyl enzalutamide and enzalutamide to the inactive carboxylic acid metabolite.

In vitro, N-desmethyl enzalutamide is not a substrate of human CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C18, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4/5.

Elimination

Enzalutamide is primarily eliminated by hepatic metabolism. Following single oral administration of 14C-enzalutamide 160 mg, 85% of the radioactivity is recovered by 77 days post dose: 71% is recovered in urine (including only trace amounts of enzalutamide and N-desmethyl enzalutamide), and 14% is recovered in feces (0.4% of dose as unchanged enzalutamide and 1% as N-desmethyl enzalutamide).

The mean apparent clearance (CL/F) of enzalutamide in patients after a single oral dose is 0.56 L/h (range 0.33 to 1.02 L/h).

The mean terminal half-life (t1/2) for enzalutamide in patients after a single oral dose is 5.8 days (range 2.8 to 10.2 days). Following a single 160 mg oral dose of enzalutamide in healthy volunteers, the mean terminal t1/2 for N-desmethyl enzalutamide is approximately 7.8 to 8.6 days.

Pharmacokinetics in Special Populations

Renal Impairment:

A population pharmacokinetic analysis (based on pre-existing renal function) was carried out with data from 59 healthy male volunteers and 926 patients with metastatic CRPC enrolled in clinical trials, including 512 with normal renal function (CrCL ≥ 90 mL/min), 332 with mild renal impairment (CrCL 60 to < 90 mL/min), 88 with moderate renal impairment (CrCL 30 to < 60 mL/min), and 1 with severe renal impairment (CrCL < 30 mL/min). The apparent clearance of enzalutamide was similar in patients with pre-existing mild and moderate renal impairment (CrCL 30 to < 90 mL/min) compared to patients and volunteers with normal renal function. The potential effect of severe renal impairment or end stage renal disease on enzalutamide pharmacokinetics cannot be determined as clinical and pharmacokinetic data are available from only one patient [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].

Hepatic Impairment:

The plasma pharmacokinetics of enzalutamide and N-desmethyl enzalutamide were examined in volunteers with normal hepatic function (N = 22) and with pre-existing mild (N = 8, Child-Pugh Class A) moderate (N = 8, Child-Pugh B), or severe (N = 8, Child-Pugh C) hepatic impairment. Xtandi was administered as a single 160 mg dose. The composite AUC of enzalutamide plus N-desmethyl enzalutamide was similar in volunteers with mild, moderate, or severe baseline hepatic impairment compared to volunteers with normal hepatic function. The results are summarized in Figure 1 [see Use in Specific Populations (8.7)].

Body Weight and Age:

Population pharmacokinetic analyses showed that weight (range: 46 to 163 kg) and age (range: 41 to 92 yr) do not have a clinically meaningful influence on the exposure to enzalutamide.

Gender:

The effect of gender on the pharmacokinetics of enzalutamide has not been evaluated.

Race:

The majority of Xtandi-treated patients in the randomized clinical trials were Caucasian (85%). Based on pharmacokinetic data from a study in Japanese patients with prostate cancer, there were no clinically relevant differences in exposure between Japanese and Caucasians. There are insufficient data to evaluate potential differences in the pharmacokinetics of enzalutamide in other races.

Drug Interactions

Effect of Other Drugs on Xtandi:

In a drug-drug interaction trial in healthy volunteers, a single 160 mg oral dose of Xtandi was administered alone or after multiple oral doses of gemfibrozil (strong CYP2C8 inhibitor). Gemfibrozil increased the AUC0-inf of enzalutamide plus N-desmethyl enzalutamide by 2.2-fold with minimal effect on Cmax. The results are summarized in Figure 1 [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) and Drug Interactions (7.1)].

In a drug-drug interaction trial in healthy volunteers, a single 160 mg oral dose of Xtandi was administered alone or after multiple oral doses of rifampin (strong CYP3A4 and moderate CYP2C8 inducer). Rifampin decreased the AUC0-inf of enzalutamide plus N-desmethyl enzalutamide by 37% with no effect on Cmax. The results are summarized in Figure 1 [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) and Drug Interactions (7.2)].

In a drug-drug interaction trial in healthy volunteers, a single 160 mg oral dose of Xtandi was administered alone or after multiple oral doses of itraconazole (strong CYP3A4 inhibitor). Itraconazole increased the AUC0-inf of enzalutamide plus N-desmethyl enzalutamide by 1.3-fold with no effect on Cmax. The results are summarized in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Effects of Other Drugs and Intrinsic/Extrinsic Factors on Xtandi

# PK parameters (Cmax and AUC0-inf) are for enzalutamide plus N-desmethyl enzalutamide, except in the food-effect trial, where they are for enzalutamide alone.
* See Dosage and Administration (2.2).

Effect of Xtandi on Other Drugs:

In an in vivo phenotypic cocktail drug-drug interaction trial in patients with metastatic CRPC, a single oral dose of the CYP probe substrate cocktail (for CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4) was administered before and concomitantly with Xtandi (following at least 55 days of dosing at 160 mg daily). The results are summarized in Figure 2. Results showed that in vivo, at steady state, Xtandi is a strong CYP3A4 inducer and a moderate CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 inducer [see Drug Interactions (7.3)]. Xtandi did not cause clinically meaningful changes in exposure to the CYP2C8 substrate.

In an in vivo phenotypic cocktail drug-drug interaction trial in patients with CRPC, a single oral dose of the CYP probe substrate cocktail for CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 was administered before and concomitantly with Xtandi (following at least 49 days of dosing at 160 mg daily). The results are summarized in Figure 2. Results showed that in vivo, at steady state, Xtandi did not cause clinically meaningful changes in exposure to the CYP1A2 or CYP2D6 substrates.

Figure 2. Effect of Xtandi on Other Drugs

*See Drug Interactions (7.3).

In vitro, enzalutamide, N-desmethyl enzalutamide, and the major inactive carboxylic acid metabolite caused direct inhibition of multiple CYP enzymes including CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4/5; however, subsequent clinical data showed that Xtandi is an inducer of CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4 and had no clinically meaningful effect on CYP2C8 (see Figure 2). In vitro, enzalutamide caused time-dependent inhibition of CYP1A2.

In vitro studies showed that enzalutamide induces CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 and does not induce CYP1A2 at therapeutically relevant concentrations.

In vitro, enzalutamide, N-desmethyl enzalutamide, and the major inactive carboxylic acid metabolite are not substrates for human P-glycoprotein. In vitro, enzalutamide and N-desmethyl enzalutamide are inhibitors of human P-glycoprotein, while the major inactive carboxylic acid metabolite is not.

In vitro, enzalutamide and N-desmethyl enzalutamide do not appear to be substrates of human breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP); however, enzalutamide and N-desmethyl enzalutamide are inhibitors of human BCRP at clinically relevant concentrations.

Nonclinical Toxicology

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Long-term animal studies have not been conducted to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of enzalutamide.

Enzalutamide did not induce mutations in the bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) assay and was not genotoxic in either the in vitro mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase (Tk) gene mutation assay or the in vivo mouse micronucleus assay.

Based on nonclinical findings in repeat-dose toxicology studies, which were consistent with the pharmacological activity of enzalutamide, male fertility may be impaired by treatment with Xtandi. In a 26-week study in rats, atrophy of the prostate and seminal vesicles was observed at ≥ 30 mg/kg/day (equal to the human exposure based on AUC). In 4-, 13-, and 39-week studies in dogs, hypospermatogenesis and atrophy of the prostate and epididymides were observed at ≥ 4 mg/kg/day (0.3 times the human exposure based on AUC).

Clinical Studies

The efficacy and safety of Xtandi in 3291 patients with metastatic CRPC were demonstrated in three randomized, multicenter clinical trials. All patients continued on GnRH therapy or had prior bilateral orchiectomy. Patients were allowed, but not required, to continue or initiate glucocorticoids.

Study 1: Xtandi versus Placebo in Metastatic CRPC Following Chemotherapy

A total of 1199 patients who had received prior docetaxel-based chemotherapy were randomized 2:1 to receive either Xtandi orally at a dose of 160 mg once daily (N = 800) or placebo orally once daily (N = 399). Study treatment continued until disease progression (evidence of radiographic progression, a skeletal-related event, or clinical progression), initiation of new systemic antineoplastic treatment, unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal. Patients with a previous history of seizure, taking medicines known to decrease the seizure threshold, or with other risk factors for seizure were not eligible [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].

The following patient demographics and baseline disease characteristics were balanced between the treatment arms. The median age was 69 years (range 41-92) and the racial distribution was 92.7% Caucasian, 3.9% Black, 1.1% Asian, and 2.1% Other. Ninety-two percent of patients had an ECOG performance status score of 0-1 and 28% had a mean Brief Pain Inventory score of ≥ 4. Ninety-one percent of patients had metastases in bone and 23% had visceral involvement in the lung and/or liver. Fifty-nine percent of patients had radiographic evidence of disease progression and 41% had PSA-only progression on study entry. All patients had received prior docetaxel-based therapy and 24% had received two cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens. During the trial, 48% of patients on the Xtandi arm and 46% of patients on the placebo arm received glucocorticoids.

A statistically significant improvement in overall survival was demonstrated at the pre-specified interim analysis at the time of 520 deaths in patients on the Xtandi arm compared to patients on the placebo arm (Table 4 and Figure 3).

Table 4. Overall Survival of Patients Treated with Either Xtandi or Placebo in Study 1
a) P-value is derived from a log-rank test stratified by baseline ECOG performance status score (0-1 vs. 2) and mean baseline pain score (BPI-SF score < 4 vs. ≥ 4) b) Hazard Ratio is derived from a stratified proportional hazards model. Hazard ratio <1 favors Xtandi NR denotes “not reached”.
	Xtandi N = 800	Placebo N = 399
Number of Deaths (%)	308 (38.5%)	212 (53.1%)
Median Survival, months (95% CI)	18.4 (17.3, NR)	13.6 (11.3, 15.8)
P-valuea	< 0.0001
Hazard Ratio (95% CI)b	0.63 (0.53, 0.75)

Figure 3. Kaplan-Meier Overall Survival Curves in Study 1

Study 2: Xtandi versus Placebo in Chemotherapy-naïve Metastatic CRPC

In Study 2, 1717 chemotherapy-naive patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either Xtandi orally at a dose of 160 mg once daily (N = 872) or placebo orally once daily (N = 845). Patients with visceral metastases, patients with a history of mild to moderate heart failure (NYHA class I or II), and patients taking medications associated with lowering the seizure threshold were allowed. Patients with a previous history of seizure or a condition that might predispose to seizure and patients with moderate or severe pain from prostate cancer were excluded. Study treatment continued until disease progression (evidence of radiographic progression, a skeletal-related event, or clinical progression) and the initiation of a cytotoxic chemotherapy or an investigational agent, unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal. Overall survival and radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) were assessed. Radiographic progression was assessed with the use of sequential imaging and was defined by bone scan identification of 2 or more new bone lesions with confirmation (Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group 2 criteria) and/or Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST v 1.1) criteria for progression of soft tissue lesions. The primary analysis of rPFS utilized centrally reviewed radiographic assessment of progression.

Patient demographics and baseline disease characteristics were balanced between the treatment arms at entry. The median age was 71 years (range 42-93) and the racial distribution was 77% Caucasian, 10% Asian, 2% Black and 11% Other. The ECOG performance status score was 0 for 68% of patients, and 1 for 32% of patients. Baseline pain assessment was 0-1 (asymptomatic) in 67% of patients, and 2-3 (mildly symptomatic) in 32% of patients as defined by the Brief Pain Inventory Short Form (worst pain over past 24 hours at study entry). Fifty-four percent of patients had radiographic evidence of disease progression and 43% had PSA-only progression. Twelve percent of patients had visceral (lung and/or liver) disease involvement. During the study, 27% of patients on the Xtandi arm and 30% of patients on the placebo arm received glucocorticoids for varying reasons.

A statistically significant improvement in overall survival was demonstrated at the pre-specified interim analysis, conducted after 540 deaths in patients treated with Xtandi compared to those treated with placebo (Table 5). Forty percent of Xtandi-treated and 70% of placebo-treated patients received subsequent therapies for metastatic CRPC that may prolong overall survival. An updated survival analysis was conducted when 784 deaths were observed. The median follow-up time was 31 months. Results from this analysis were consistent with those from the pre-specified interim analysis (Table 6, Figure 4). At the updated analysis, 52% of Xtandi-treated and 81% of placebo-treated patients had received subsequent therapies that may prolong overall survival in metastatic CRPC. Xtandi was used as a subsequent therapy in 2% of Xtandi-treated patients and 29% of placebo-treated patients.

Table 5. Overall Survival of Patients Treated with Either Xtandi or Placebo in Study 2
a) The data cutoff date is 16 Sep 2013 b) P-value is derived from an unstratified log-rank test. c) Hazard ratio is derived from an unstratified proportional hazards model. Hazard ratio < 1 favors Xtandi. d) The data cutoff date is 1 Jun 2014. The planned number of deaths for the final overall survival analysis was ≥765. NR denotes “not reached”.
	Xtandi N = 872	Placebo N = 845
Pre-specified Interim Analysisa
Number of Deaths (%)	241 (28%)	299 (35%)
Median Survival, months (95% CI)	32.4 (30.1, NR)	30.2 (28.0, NR)
P-valueb	< 0.0001
Hazard Ratio (95% CI)c	0.71 (0.60, 0.84)
Updated Survival Analysisd
Number of Deaths (%)	368 (42%)	416 (49%)
Median Survival, months (95% CI)	35.3 (32.2, NR)	31.3 (28.8, 34.2)
Hazard Ratio (95% CI)c	0.77 (0.67, 0.88)

Figure 4. Kaplan-Meier Overall Survival Curves in Study 2

A statistically significant improvement in rPFS was demonstrated in patients treated with Xtandi compared to patients treated with placebo (Table 6, Figure 5).

Table 6. Radiographic Progression-free Survival of Patients Treated with Either Xtandi or Placebo in Study 2
a) P-value is derived from an unstratified log-rank test b) Hazard Ratio is derived from an unstratified proportional hazards model. Hazard ratio <1 favors Xtandi NR denotes “not reached”. Note: As of the cutoff date for the rPFS analysis, 1633 patients had been randomized.
	Xtandi N = 832	Placebo N = 801
Number of Progression or Deaths (%)	118 (14%)	320 (40%)
Median rPFS (months) (95% CI)	NR (13.8, NR)	3.7 (3.6, 4.6)
P-valuea	< 0.0001
Hazard Ratio (95% CI)b	0.17 (0.14, 0.21)

Figure 5. Kaplan-Meier Curves for Duration of Radiographic Progression-free Survival in Study 2

Time to initiation of cytotoxic chemotherapy was prolonged after Xtandi treatment, with a median of 28.0 months for patients on the Xtandi arm versus a median of 10.8 months for patients on the placebo arm [HR=0.35 (95% CI: 0.30, 0.40), p < 0.0001].

The median time to first skeletal‑related event was 31.1 months for patients on the Xtandi arm versus 31.3 months for patients on the placebo arm [HR = 0.72 (95% CI: 0.61, 0.84), p < 0.0001]. A skeletal‑related event was defined as radiation therapy or surgery to bone for prostate cancer, pathologic bone fracture, spinal cord compression, or change of antineoplastic therapy to treat bone pain.

Study 3: Xtandi versus Bicalutamide in Chemotherapy-naïve Metastatic CRPC

Study 3 was conducted in 375 chemotherapy-naïve patients who were randomized 1:1 to receive either Xtandi orally at a dose of 160 mg once daily (N = 184) or bicalutamide orally at a dose of 50 mg once daily (N = 191). Patients with a previous history of seizure or a condition that might predispose to seizure and patients with moderate to severe pain from prostate cancer were excluded. Patients could have received prior bicalutamide, but those whose disease had progressed on prior antiandrogen therapy (e.g. bicalutamide) were excluded. Study treatment continued until disease progression (evidence of radiographic progression, a skeletal-related event), the initiation of subsequent antineoplastic agent, unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal. Radiographic disease progression was assessed by Independent Central Review (ICR) using the Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group 2 criteria and/or Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST v 1.1) criteria for progression of soft tissue lesions. Radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) was defined as the time from randomization to the first objective evidence of radiographic progression as assessed by ICR or death, whichever occurred first.

Patient demographics and baseline disease characteristics were balanced between the treatment arms at entry. The median age was 71 years (range 48-96) and the racial distribution was 93% Caucasian, 5% Black, 1% Asian and 1% Other. The ECOG performance status score was 0 for 74% of patients and 1 for 26% of patients. Baseline pain assessment was 0-1 (asymptomatic) in 58% of patients, and 2-3 (mildly symptomatic) in 36% of patients as defined by the Brief Pain Inventory Short Form Question 3 (worst pain over past 24 hours at study entry). Ninety-eight percent of patients had objective evidence of disease progression at study entry. Forty-six percent of patients had received prior treatment with bicalutamide while no patients received prior treatment with enzalutamide.

An improvement in rPFS was demonstrated in patients treated with Xtandi compared to patients treated with bicalutamide (Table 7, Figure 6).

Table 7: Radiographic Progression-free Survival of Patients in Study 3
a) Hazard Ratio is derived from an unstratified proportional hazards model. Hazard ratio < 1 favors Xtandi    NR denotes “not reached”.
	Xtandi N = 184	Bicalutamide N = 191
Number of Progression or Deaths (%)	72 (39%)	74 (39%)
Median rPFS (months) (95% CI)	19.5 (11.8, NR)	13.4 (8.2, 16.4)
Hazard Ratio (95% CI)a	0.60 (0.43, 0.83)

Figure 6. Kaplan-Meier Curves of Radiographic Progression-free Survival in Study 3

How Supplied/Storage and Handling

•

Xtandi (enzalutamide) 40 mg capsules are supplied as white to off-white oblong soft gelatin capsules imprinted in black ink with ENZ. Xtandi capsules are available in the following package sizes:

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Bottles of 120 capsules (NDC 0469-0125-99)

Recommended storage: Store Xtandi capsules at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F) in a dry place and keep the container tightly closed. Excursions permitted from 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F).

Patient Counseling Information

Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information).

Seizure

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Inform patients that Xtandi has been associated with an increased risk of seizure. Discuss conditions that may predispose to seizures and medications that may lower the seizure threshold. Advise patients of the risk of engaging in any activity where sudden loss of consciousness could cause serious harm to themselves or others. Inform patients to contact their healthcare provider right away if they have loss of consciousness or seizure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES)

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Inform patients to contact their healthcare provider right away if they experience rapidly worsening symptoms possibly indicative of PRES such as seizure, headache, decreased alertness, confusion, reduced eyesight, or blurred vision [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].

Falls and Fall-related Injuries

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Inform patients that Xtandi is associated with an increased incidence of dizziness/vertigo, falls, and fall-related injuries [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

Hypertension

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Inform patients that Xtandi is associated with an increased incidence of hypertension [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

Infections

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Inform patients that Xtandi may be associated with an increased incidence of infections. Advise patients to immediately contact their healthcare provider if they develop signs and symptoms of infection [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

Dosing and Administration

•

Inform patients receiving GnRH therapy that they need to maintain this treatment during the course of treatment with Xtandi.

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Instruct patients to take their dose at the same time each day (once daily). Xtandi can be taken with or without food. Each capsule should be swallowed whole. Do not chew, dissolve, or open the capsules.

•

Inform patients that they should not interrupt, modify the dose, or stop Xtandi without first consulting their healthcare provider.

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Inform patients that if they miss a dose, then they should take it as soon as they remember. If they forget to take the dose for the whole day, then they should take their normal dose the next day. They should not take more than their prescribed dose per day [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].

Embryo-Fetal Toxicity

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Inform patients that Xtandi can be harmful to a developing fetus. Advise male patients with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment and for 3 months after the last dose of Xtandi. Advise male patients to use a condom if having sex with a pregnant woman [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)].