FDA批准Onivyde（irinotecan liposome injection，MM-398）为胰腺癌一种新的上市药物，联合氟尿嘧啶和亚叶酸治疗吉西他滨化疗效果不佳的晚期(转移)胰腺癌患者。

批准日期：2015年10月28日 公司：梅里马克制药

ONIVYDE™（伊立替康脂质体irinotecan liposome）注射液，供静脉使用

美国首次批准：1996

警告：

严重中性粒细胞和严重腹泻查看全部处方信息进行完整的黑框警告

致命的中性粒细胞减少败血症的发生率为0.8％，接受ONIVYDE，严重或危及生命的中性粒细胞减少发热或败血症发生在3％和严重或危及生命的中性粒细胞减少发生在接收ONIVYDE与氟尿嘧啶和亚叶酸结合患者的20％。ONIVYDE的绝对中性粒细胞计数低于1500个/mm3或中性粒细胞减少发热。治疗期间定期监测血细胞数。

严重的腹泻发生在接收ONIVYDE与氟尿嘧啶和亚叶酸结合患者的13％。不要给予ONIVYDE给患者肠梗阻。扣压ONIVYDE为2-4级严重腹泻。辖洛哌丁胺任何程度的后期腹泻辖阿托品，如果没有禁忌，任何严重程度的早期腹泻。

作用机制

伊立替康脂质体注射液是一种拓扑异构酶1抑制剂包封在脂质双层囊泡或脂质体中。拓扑异构酶1通过诱导单链断裂减轻在DNA中的扭转变形。伊立替康及其活性代谢物的SN-38结合可逆的拓扑异构酶1-DNA复合体，并防止再结扎的单链断裂，导致曝光时间依赖双链DNA损伤和细胞死亡。在小鼠中携带人肿瘤异种移植物，伊立替康脂质体施用伊立替康盐酸等效剂量5倍低于伊立替康盐酸达到类似SN-38的肿瘤内照射。

适应症和用法

ONIVYDE是拓扑异构酶抑制剂所指出的，在结合氟尿嘧啶和甲酰四氢叶酸，用于治疗患有以下吉西他滨为基础的治疗疾病进展后胰腺的转移性腺癌的治疗：

使用:ONIVYDE限制没有指示为用于治疗患有胰腺转移性腺癌的治疗单一试剂.

用法用量

不要代替ONIVYDE含有盐酸伊立替康等药物。

ONIVYDE的推荐剂量是70毫克/米2静脉输注在90分钟内每两个星期。

ONIVYDE的纯合子患者UGT1A1推荐起始剂量*28是50毫克/米2每两个星期。

没有推荐剂量ONIVYDE的患者的血清胆红素以上的正常上限。

Premedicate与前30分钟ONIVYDE皮质类固醇和抗催吐剂。

剂型和规格

注射剂：43毫克/10毫升单剂量小瓶

禁忌

严重过敏反应到ONIVYDE或伊立替康HCl中。

警告和注意事项

间质性肺病（ILD）：致命ILD中已经发生接收伊立替康盐酸请停止ONIVYDE患者如果ILD诊断.

严重的过敏反应：永久停止ONIVYDE严重过敏反应.

胚胎 -胎儿毒性：可引起胎儿危害提醒女性的潜在风险生殖潜力的一个胎儿，并使用有效的避孕

不良反应

ONIVYDE:腹泻，疲劳/乏力，呕吐，恶心，最常见的不良反应（≥20％），食欲下降，口腔炎和发热最常见的实验室异常（≥10％3或4级）分别为淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞减少。

 

药物相互作用

强CYP3A4诱导剂:避免使用强CYP3A4诱导剂如可能替代非酶诱导治疗至少2周前ONIVYDE的开始.

强CYP3A4抑制剂：避免使用强CYP3A4或UGT1A1的抑制剂，如果可能的话，在开始治疗前至少1周停止强CYP3A4抑制剂.

特殊人群中使用

哺乳期：不要母乳喂养.

包装规格/储存与处理

供应

ONIVYDE可在含有43毫克伊立替康的游离碱以4.3毫克/ mL的浓度单剂量小瓶

NDC：69171-398-01

存储和处理

商店ONIVYDE在2℃至8ºC（36°F至46°F）。不要冷冻。避光。

ONIVYDE是细胞毒性药 

FDA批准Onivyde（irinotecan liposome injection，MM-398）为胰腺癌一种新的上市药物，联合氟尿嘧啶和亚叶酸治疗吉西他滨化疗效果不佳的晚期(转移)胰腺癌患者。

批准日期：2015年10月28日 公司：梅里马克制药

ONIVYDE™（伊立替康脂质体irinotecan liposome）注射液，供静脉使用

美国首次批准：1996

警告：

严重中性粒细胞和严重腹泻查看全部处方信息进行完整的黑框警告

致命的中性粒细胞减少败血症的发生率为0.8％，接受ONIVYDE，严重或危及生命的中性粒细胞减少发热或败血症发生在3％和严重或危及生命的中性粒细胞减少发生在接收ONIVYDE与氟尿嘧啶和亚叶酸结合患者的20％。ONIVYDE的绝对中性粒细胞计数低于1500个/mm3或中性粒细胞减少发热。治疗期间定期监测血细胞数。

严重的腹泻发生在接收ONIVYDE与氟尿嘧啶和亚叶酸结合患者的13％。不要给予ONIVYDE给患者肠梗阻。扣压ONIVYDE为2-4级严重腹泻。辖洛哌丁胺任何程度的后期腹泻辖阿托品，如果没有禁忌，任何严重程度的早期腹泻。

作用机制

伊立替康脂质体注射液是一种拓扑异构酶1抑制剂包封在脂质双层囊泡或脂质体中。拓扑异构酶1通过诱导单链断裂减轻在DNA中的扭转变形。伊立替康及其活性代谢物的SN-38结合可逆的拓扑异构酶1-DNA复合体，并防止再结扎的单链断裂，导致曝光时间依赖双链DNA损伤和细胞死亡。在小鼠中携带人肿瘤异种移植物，伊立替康脂质体施用伊立替康盐酸等效剂量5倍低于伊立替康盐酸达到类似SN-38的肿瘤内照射。

适应症和用法

ONIVYDE是拓扑异构酶抑制剂所指出的，在结合氟尿嘧啶和甲酰四氢叶酸，用于治疗患有以下吉西他滨为基础的治疗疾病进展后胰腺的转移性腺癌的治疗：

使用:ONIVYDE限制没有指示为用于治疗患有胰腺转移性腺癌的治疗单一试剂.

用法用量

不要代替ONIVYDE含有盐酸伊立替康等药物。

ONIVYDE的推荐剂量是70毫克/米2静脉输注在90分钟内每两个星期。

ONIVYDE的纯合子患者UGT1A1推荐起始剂量*28是50毫克/米2每两个星期。

没有推荐剂量ONIVYDE的患者的血清胆红素以上的正常上限。

Premedicate与前30分钟ONIVYDE皮质类固醇和抗催吐剂。

剂型和规格

注射剂：43毫克/10毫升单剂量小瓶

禁忌

严重过敏反应到ONIVYDE或伊立替康HCl中。

警告和注意事项

间质性肺病（ILD）：致命ILD中已经发生接收伊立替康盐酸请停止ONIVYDE患者如果ILD诊断.

严重的过敏反应：永久停止ONIVYDE严重过敏反应.

胚胎 -胎儿毒性：可引起胎儿危害提醒女性的潜在风险生殖潜力的一个胎儿，并使用有效的避孕

不良反应

ONIVYDE:腹泻，疲劳/乏力，呕吐，恶心，最常见的不良反应（≥20％），食欲下降，口腔炎和发热最常见的实验室异常（≥10％3或4级）分别为淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞减少。

 

药物相互作用

强CYP3A4诱导剂:避免使用强CYP3A4诱导剂如可能替代非酶诱导治疗至少2周前ONIVYDE的开始.

强CYP3A4抑制剂：避免使用强CYP3A4或UGT1A1的抑制剂，如果可能的话，在开始治疗前至少1周停止强CYP3A4抑制剂.

特殊人群中使用

哺乳期：不要母乳喂养.

包装规格/储存与处理

供应

ONIVYDE可在含有43毫克伊立替康的游离碱以4.3毫克/ mL的浓度单剂量小瓶

NDC：69171-398-01

存储和处理

商店ONIVYDE在2℃至8ºC（36°F至46°F）。不要冷冻。避光。

ONIVYDE是细胞毒性药 

ONIVYDE™
(irinotecan liposome) Injection

WARNING

SEVERE NEUTROPENIA and SEVERE DIARRHEA

Fatal neutropenic sepsis occurred in 0.8% of patients receiving ONIVYDE. Severe or life-threatening neutropenic fever or sepsis occurred in 3% and severe or life-threatening neutropenia occurred in 20% of patients receiving ONIVYDE in combination with fluorouracil and leucovorin. Withhold ONIVYDE for absolute neutrophil count below 1500/mm³ or neutropenic fever. Monitor blood cell counts periodically during treatment [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Severe diarrhea occurred in 13% of patients receiving ONIVYDE in combination with fluorouracil and leucovorin. Do not administer ONIVYDE to patients with bowel obstruction. Withhold ONIVYDE for diarrhea of Grade 2-4 severity. Administer loperamide for late diarrhea of any severity. Administer atropine, if not contraindicated, for early diarrhea of any severity [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

DESCRIPTION

ONIVYDE is formulated with irinotecan hydrochloride trihydrate, a topoisomerase inhibitor, into a liposomal dispersion for intravenous use. The chemical name of irinotecan hydrochloride trihydrate is (S)-4,11-diethyl-3,4,12,14-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-3,14-dioxo1H-pyrano[3',4':6,7]-indolizino[1,2-b]quinolin-9-yl-[1,4'bipiperidine]-1'-carboxylate, monohydrochloride, trihydrate. The empirical formula is C33H38N4O6•HCl•3H2O and the molecular weight is 677.19 g/mole. The molecular structure is:

ONIVYDE is a sterile, white to slightly yellow opaque isotonic liposomal dispersion. Each 10 mL single-dose vial contains 43 mg irinotecan free base at a concentration of 4.3 mg/mL. The liposome is a unilamellar lipid bilayer vesicle, approximately 110 nm in diameter, which encapsulates an aqueous space containing irinotecan in a gelated or precipitated state as the sucrose octasulfate salt. The vesicle is composed of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) 6.81 mg/mL, cholesterol 2.22 mg/mL, and methoxy-terminated polyethylene glycol (MW 2000)-distearoylphosphatidyl ethanolamine (MPEG-2000-DSPE) 0.12 mg/mL. Each mL also contains 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl) piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) as a buffer 4.05 mg/mL and sodium chloride as an isotonicity reagent 8.42 mg/mL.

Indications & Dosage

INDICATIONS

ONIVYDE™ is indicated, in combination with fluorouracil and leucovorin, for the treatment of patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas after disease progression following gemcitabine-based therapy.

Limitation of Use: ONIVYDE is not indicated as a single agent for the treatment of patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas [see Clinical Studies].

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Important Use Information

DO NOT SUBSTITUTE ONIVYDE for other drugs containing irinotecan HCl.

Recommended Dose

Administer ONIVYDE prior to leucovorin and fluorouracil [see Clinical Studies].

·         The recommended dose of ONIVYDE is 70 mg/m² administered by intravenous infusion over 90 minutes every 2 weeks.

·         The recommended starting dose of ONIVYDE in patients known to be homozygous for the UGT1A1*28 allele is 50 mg/m² administered by intravenous infusion over 90 minutes. Increase the dose of ONIVYDE to 70 mg/m² as tolerated in subsequent cycles.

There is no recommended dose of ONIVYDE for patients with serum bilirubin above the upper limit of normal [see ADVERSE REACTIONS and Clinical Studies].

Premedication

Administer a corticosteroid and an anti-emetic 30 minutes prior to ONIVYDE infusion.

Dose Modifications For Adverse Reactions

Table 1: Recommended Dose Modifications for ONIVYDE

For recommended dose modifications of fluorouracil (5-FU) or leucovorin (LV), refer to the Full Prescribing Information; refer to Clinical Studies (14).

Preparation And Administration

ONIVYDE is a cytotoxic drug. Follow applicable special handling and disposal procedures.1

Preparation

·         Withdraw the calculated volume of ONIVYDE from the vial. Dilute ONIVYDE in 500 mL 5% Dextrose Injection, USP or 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP and mix diluted solution by gentle inversion.

·         Protect diluted solution from light.

·         Administer diluted solution within 4 hours of preparation when stored at room temperature or within 24 hours of preparation when stored under refrigerated conditions [2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F)]. Allow diluted solution to come to room temperature prior to administration.

·         Do NOT freeze.

Administration

Infuse diluted solution intravenously over 90 minutes. Do not use in-line filters. Discard unused portion.

HOW SUPPLIED

Dosage Forms And Strengths

Injection: 43 mg/10 mL irinotecan free base as a white to slightly yellow, opaque, liposomal dispersion in a single-dose vial.

ONIVYDE is available in a single-dose vial containing 43 mg irinotecan free base at a concentration of 4.3 mg/mL

NDC: 69171-398-01

Storage And Handling

Store ONIVYDE at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F). Do NOT freeze. Protect from light.

ONIVYDE is a cytotoxic drug. Follow applicable special handling and disposal procedures.1

Manufactured for: Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,Cambridge,MA02139. Revised: Oct 2015

Side Effects

SIDE EFFECTS

The following adverse drug reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the label:

·         Severe Neutropenia [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and BOXED WARNING]

·         Severe Diarrhea [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and BOXED WARNING]

·         Interstitial Lung Disease [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]

·         Severe Hypersensitivity Reactions [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]

Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in clinical trials of ONIVYDE cannot be directly compared to rates in clinical trials of other drugs and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

The safety data described below are derived from patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas previously treated with gemcitabine-based therapy who received any part of protocol-specified therapy in Study 1, an international, randomized, active-controlled, open-label trial. Protocol-specified therapy consisted of ONIVYDE 70 mg/m² with leucovorin 400 mg/m² and fluorouracil 2400 mg/m² over 46 hours every 2 weeks (ONIVYDE/5-FU/LV; N=117), ONIVYDE 100 mg/m² every 3 weeks (N=147), or leucovorin 200 mg/m² and fluorouracil 2000 mg/m² over 24 hours weekly for 4 weeks followed by 2 week rest (5-FU/LV; N=134) [see Clinical Studies]. Serum bilirubin within the institutional normal range, albumin ≥ 3 g/dL, and Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) ≥ 70 were required for study entry. The median duration of exposure was 9 weeks in the ONIVYDE/5-FU/LV arm, 9 weeks in the ONIVYDE monotherapy arm, and 6 weeks in the 5-FU/LV arm.

The most common adverse reactions ( ≥ 20%) of ONIVYDE were diarrhea, fatigue/asthenia, vomiting, nausea, decreased appetite, stomatitis, and pyrexia. The most common, severe laboratory abnormalities ( ≥ 10% Grade 3 or 4) were lymphopenia and neutropenia. The most common serious adverse reactions ( ≥ 2%) of ONIVYDE were diarrhea, vomiting, neutropenic fever or neutropenic sepsis, nausea, pyrexia, sepsis, dehydration, septic shock, pneumonia, acute renal failure, and thrombocytopenia.

Adverse reactions led to permanent discontinuation of ONIVYDE in 11% of patients receiving ONIVYDE/5-FU/LV; the most frequent adverse reactions resulting in discontinuation of ONIVYDE were diarrhea, vomiting, and sepsis. Dose reductions of ONIVYDE for adverse reactions occurred in 33% of patients receiving ONIVYDE/5-FU/LV; the most frequent adverse reactions requiring dose reductions were neutropenia, diarrhea, nausea, and anemia. ONIVYDE was withheld or delayed for adverse reactions in 62% of patients receiving ONIVYDE/5-FU/LV; the most frequent adverse reactions requiring interruption or delays were neutropenia, diarrhea, fatigue, vomiting, and thrombocytopenia.

Table 2 provides the frequency and severity of adverse reactions in Study 1 that occurred with higher incidence ( ≥ 5% difference for Grades 1-4 or ≥ 2% difference for Grades 3-4) in patients who received ONIVYDE/5-FU/LV compared to patients who received 5-FU/LV.7

Table 2: Adverse Reactions with Higher Incidence ( ≥ 5% Difference for Grades 1-4* or ≥ 2% Difference for Grades 3 and 4) in the ONIVYDE/5-FU/LV Arm

Cholinergic Reactions

ONIVYDE can cause cholinergic reactions manifesting as rhinitis, increased salivation, flushing, bradycardia, miosis, lacrimation, diaphoresis, and intestinal hyperperistalsis with abdominal cramping and early onset diarrhea. In Study 1, Grade 1 or 2 cholinergic symptoms other than early diarrhea occurred in 12 (4.5%) ONIVYDE-treated patients. Six of these 12 patients received atropine and in 1 of the 6 patients, atropine was administered for cholinergic symptoms other than diarrhea.

Infusion Reactions

Infusion reactions, consisting of rash, urticaria, periorbital edema, or pruritus, occurring on the day of ONIVYDE administration were reported in 3% of patients receiving ONIVYDE or ONIVYDE/5-FU/LV.

Laboratory abnormalities that occurred with higher incidence in the ONIVYDE/5-FU/LV arm compared to the 5-FU/LV arm ( ≥ 5% difference) are summarized in the following table.

Table 3: Laboratory Abnormalities with Higher Incidence ( ≥ 5% Difference) in the ONIVYDE/5-FU/LV Arm*#

Drug Interactions

DRUG INTERACTIONS

Strong CYP3A4 Inducers

Following administration of non-liposomal irinotecan (i.e., irinotecan HCl), exposure to irinotecan or its active metabolite, SN-38, is substantially reduced in adult and pediatric patients concomitantly receiving the CYP3A4 enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants phenytoin and strong CYP3A4 inducers. Avoid the use of strong CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., rifampin, phenytoin, carbamazepine, rifabutin, rifapentine, phenobarbital,St. John'swort ) if possible. Substitute non-enzyme inducing therapies at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of ONIVYDE therapy [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].

Strong CYP3A4 Or UGT1A1 Inhibitors

Following administration of non-liposomal irinotecan (i.e., irinotecan HCl), patients receiving concomitant ketoconazole, a CYP3A4 and UGT1A1 inhibitor, have increased exposure to irinotecan and its active metabolite SN-38. Co-administration of ONIVYDE with other inhibitors of CYP3A4 (e.g., clarithromycin, indinavir, itraconazole, lopinavir, nefazodone, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, telaprevir, voriconazole) or UGT1A1 (e.g., atazanavir, gemfibrozil, indinavir) may increase systemic exposure to irinotecan or SN-38. Avoid the use of strong CYP3A4 or UGT1A1 inhibitors if possible. Discontinue strong CYP3A4 inhibitors at least 1 week prior to starting ONIVYDE therapy [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].

Warnings & Precautions

WARNINGS

Included as part of the PRECAUTIONS section.

PRECAUTIONS

Severe Neutropenia

ONIVYDE can cause severe or life-threatening neutropenia and fatal neutropenic sepsis. In Study 1, the incidence of fatal neutropenic sepsis was 0.8% among patients receiving ONIVYDE, occurring in one of 117 patients in the ONIVYDE plus fluorouracil/leucovorin (ONIVYDE/5-FU/LV) arm and one of 147 patients receiving ONIVYDE as a single agent. Severe or life-threatening neutropenia occurred in 20% of patients receiving ONIVYDE/5-FU/LV compared to 2% of patients receiving fluorouracil/leucovorin alone (5-FU/LV). Grade 3 or 4 neutropenic fever/neutropenic sepsis occurred in 3% of patients receiving ONIVYDE/5-FU/LV, and did not occur in patients receiving 5-FU/LV.

In patients receiving ONIVYDE/5-FU/LV, the incidence of Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia was higher among Asian patients [18 of 33 (55%)] compared to White patients [13 of 73 (18%)]. Neutropenic fever/neutropenic sepsis was reported in 6% of Asian patients compared to 1% of White patients [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].

Monitor complete blood cell counts on Days 1 and 8 of every cycle and more frequently if clinically indicated. Withhold ONIVYDE if the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is below 1500/mm³ or if neutropenic fever occurs. Resume ONIVYDE when the ANC is 1500/mm³ or above. Reduce ONIVYDE dose for Grade 3-4 neutropenia or neutropenic fever following recovery in subsequent cycles [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].

Severe Diarrhea

ONIVYDE can cause severe and life-threatening diarrhea. Do not administer ONIVYDE to patients with bowel obstruction.

Severe or life-threatening diarrhea followed one of two patterns: late onset diarrhea (onset more than 24 hours following chemotherapy) and early onset diarrhea (onset within 24 hours of chemotherapy, sometimes occurring with other symptoms of cholinergic reaction) [see Cholinergic Reactions]. An individual patient may experience both early and late-onset diarrhea.

In Study 1, Grade 3 or 4 diarrhea occurred in 13% receiving ONIVYDE/5-FU/LV compared to 4% receiving 5-FU/LV. The incidence of Grade 3 or 4 late onset diarrhea was 9% in patients receiving ONIVYDE/5-FU/LV, compared to 4% in patients receiving 5-FU/LV. The incidence of Grade 3 or 4 early onset diarrhea was 3% in patients receiving ONIVYDE/5-FU/LV, compared to no Grade 3 or 4 early onset diarrhea in patients receiving 5-FU/LV. Of patients receiving ONIVYDE/5-FU/LV in Study 1, 34% received loperamide for late-onset diarrhea and 26% received atropine for early-onset diarrhea. Withhold ONIVYDE for Grade 2-4 diarrhea. Initiate loperamide for late onset diarrhea of any severity. Administer intravenous or subcutaneous atropine 0.25 to 1 mg (unless clinically contraindicated) for early onset diarrhea of any severity. Following recovery to Grade 1 diarrhea, resume ONIVYDE at a reduced dose [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION].

Interstitial Lung Disease

Irinotecan HCl can cause severe and fatal interstitial lung disease (ILD). Withhold ONIVYDE in patients with new or progressive dyspnea, cough, and fever, pending diagnostic evaluation. Discontinue ONIVYDE in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of ILD.

Severe Hypersensitivity Reaction

Irinotecan HCl can cause severe hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylactic reactions. Permanently discontinue ONIVYDE in patients who experience a severe hypersensitivity reaction.

Embryo-Fetal Toxicity

Based on animal data with irinotecan HCl and the mechanism of action of ONIVYDE, ONIVYDE can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Embryotoxicity and teratogenicity were observed following treatment with irinotecan HCl, at doses resulting in irinotecan exposures lower than those achieved with ONIVYDE 70 mg/m² in humans, administered to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with ONIVYDE and for one month following the final dose [see Use in Specific Populations, CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].

Nonclinical Toxicology

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment Of Fertility

No studies have been performed to assess the potential of irinotecan liposome for carcinogenicity, genotoxicity or impairment of fertility. Intravenous administration of irinotecan hydrochloride to rats once weekly for 13 weeks followed by a 91-week recovery period resulted in a significant linear trend between irinotecan HCl dosage and the incidence of combined uterine horn endometrial stromal polyps and endometrial stromal sarcomas. Irinotecan HCl was clastogenic both in vitro (chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary cells) and in vivo (micronucleus test in mice). Neither irinotecan nor its active metabolite, SN-38, was mutagenic in the in vitroAmesassay.

Dedicated fertility studies have not been performed with irinotecan liposome injection. Atrophy of male and female reproductive organs was observed in dogs receiving irinotecan liposome injection every 3 weeks at doses equal to or greater than 15 mg/kg, (approximately 3 times the clinical exposure of irinotecan following administration to ONIVYDE dosed at 70 mg/m² ) for a total of 6 doses. No significant adverse effects on fertility and general reproductive performance were observed after intravenous administration of irinotecan HCl in doses of up to 6 mg/kg/day to rats; however, atrophy of male reproductive organs was observed after multiple daily irinotecan HCl doses both in rodents at 20 mg/kg (approximately 0.007 times the clinical irinotecan exposure following ONIVYDE administration at 70 mg/m²) and in dogs at 0.4 mg/kg (0.0007 times the clinical exposure to irinotecan following administration of ONIVYDE).

Use In Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Risk Summary

Based on animal data with irinotecan HCl and the mechanism of action of ONIVYDE, ONIVYDE can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY]. There are no available data in pregnant women. Embryotoxicity and teratogenicity were observed following treatment with irinotecan HCl, at doses resulting in irinotecan exposures lower than those achieved with ONIVYDE 70 mg/m² in humans, administered to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis [see Data]. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus.

In theU.S.general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively.

Data

Animal Data

No animal studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of irinotecan liposome on reproduction and fetal development; however, studies have been conducted with irinotecan HCl. Irinotecan crosses the placenta of rats following intravenous administration. Intravenous administration of irinotecan at a dose of 6 mg/kg/day to rats and rabbits during the period of organogenesis resulted in increased post-implantation loss and decreased numbers of live fetuses. In separate studies in rats, this dose resulted in an irinotecan exposure of approximately 0.002 times the exposure of irinotecan based on area under the curve (AUC) in patients administered ONIVYDE at the 70 mg/m² dose. Administration of irinotecan HCl resulted in structural abnormalities and growth delays in rats at doses greater than 1.2 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.0002 times the clinical exposure to irinotecan in ONIVYDE based on AUC). Teratogenic effects included a variety of external, visceral, and skeletal abnormalities. Irinotecan HCl administered to rat dams for the period following organogenesis through weaning at doses of 6 mg/kg/day caused decreased learning ability and decreased female body weights in the offspring.

Lactation

Risk Summary

There is no information regarding the presence of irinotecan liposome, irinotecan, or SN-38 (an active metabolite of irinotecan) in human milk, or the effects on the breastfed infant or on milk production. Irinotecan is present in rat milk [see Data].

Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfed infants from ONIVYDE, advise a nursing woman not to breastfeed during treatment with ONIVYDE and for one month after the final dose.

Data

Radioactivity appeared in rat milk within 5 minutes of intravenous administration of radiolabeled irinotecan HCl and was concentrated up to 65-fold at 4 hours after administration relative to plasma concentrations.

Females And Males Of Reproductive Potential

Contraception

Females

ONIVYDE can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Use In Specific Populations]. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with ONIVYDE and for one month after the final dose.

Males

Because of the potential for genotoxicity, advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use condoms during treatment with ONIVYDE and for four months after the final dose [see Nonclinical Toxicology].

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness of ONIVYDE have not been established in pediatric patients.

Geriatric Use

Of the 264 patients who received ONIVYDE as a single agent or in combination with 5-FU and leucovorin in Study 1, 49% were ≥ 65 years old and 13% were ≥ 75 years old. No overall differences in safety and effectiveness were observed between these patients and younger patients.

Overdosage & Contraindications

OVERDOSE

There are no treatment interventions known to be effective for management of overdosage of ONIVYDE.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

ONIVYDE is contraindicated in patients who have experienced a severe hypersensitivity reaction to ONIVYDE or irinotecan HCl.

Clinical Pharmacology

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Mechanism Of Action

Irinotecan liposome injection is a topoisomerase 1 inhibitor encapsulated in a lipid bilayer vesicle or liposome. Topoisomerase 1 relieves torsional strain in DNA by inducing single-strand breaks. Irinotecan and its active metabolite SN-38 bind reversibly to the topoisomerase 1-DNA complex and prevent re-ligation of the single-strand breaks, leading to exposure time-dependent double-strand DNA damage and cell death. In mice bearing human tumor xenografts, irinotecan liposome administered at irinotecan HCl-equivalent doses 5-fold lower than irinotecan HCl achieved similar intratumoral exposure of SN-38.

Pharmacokinetics

The plasma pharmacokinetics of total irinotecan and total SN-38 were evaluated in patients with cancer who received ONIVYDE, as a single agent or as part of combination chemotherapy, at doses between 50 and 155 mg/m² and 353 patients with cancer using population pharmacokinetic analysis.

The pharmacokinetic parameters of total irinotecan and total SN-38 following the administration of ONIVYDE 70 mg/m² as a single agent or part of combination chemotherapy are presented in Table 4.

Table 4: Summary of Mean (±Standard Deviation) Total Irinotecan and Total SN-38

Distribution

Direct measurement of irinotecan liposome showed that 95% of irinotecan remains liposome-encapsulated, and the ratios between total and encapsulated forms did not change with time from 0 to 169.5 hours post-dose. The mean volume of distribution is summarized in Table 4.

Plasma protein binding is < 0.44% of the total irinotecan in ONIVYDE.

Elimination

Metabolism

The metabolism of irinotecan liposome has not been evaluated. Irinotecan is subject to extensive metabolic conversion by various enzyme systems, including esterases to form the active metabolite SN-38, and UGT1A1 mediating glucuronidation of SN-38 to form the inactive glucuronide metabolite SN-38G. Irinotecan can also undergo CYP3A4-mediated oxidative metabolism to several inactive oxidation products, one of which can be hydrolyzed by carboxylesterase to release SN-38. In the population pharmacokinetic analysis using the results of a subset with UGT1A1*28 genotypic testing, in which the analysis adjusted for the lower dose administered to patients homozygous for the UGT1A1*28 allele, patients homozygous (N=14) and non-homozygous (N=244) for this allele had total SN-38 average steady-state concentrations of 1.06 and 0.95 ng/mL, respectively.

Excretion

The disposition of ONIVYDE has not been elucidated in humans. Following administration of irinotecan HCl , the urinary excretion of irinotecan is 11 to 20%; SN-38, < 1%; and SN-38 glucuronide, 3%. The cumulative biliary and urinary excretion of irinotecan and its metabolites (SN-38 and SN-38 glucuronide), over a period of 48 hours following administration of irinotecan HCl in two patients, ranged from approximately 25% (100 mg/m²) to 50% (300 mg/m²).

Specific Populations

Age, Gender, and Renal Impairment

The population pharmacokinetic analysis suggests that age (28 to 87 years) had no clinically meaningful effect on the exposure of irinotecan and SN-38.

The population pharmacokinetic analysis suggests that gender (196 males and 157 females) had no clinically meaningful effect on the exposure of irinotecan and SN-38 after adjusting for body surface area (BSA).

In a population pharmacokinetic analysis, mild-to-moderate renal impairment had no effect on the exposure of total SN-38 after adjusting for BSA. The analysis included 68 patients with moderate (CLcr 30 - 59 mL/min) renal impairment, 147 patients with mild (CLcr 60 - 89 mL/min) renal impairment, and 135 patients with normal renal function (CLcr > 90 mL/min). There was insufficient data in patients with severe renal impairment (CLcr < 30 mL/min) to assess its effect on pharmacokinetics.

Ethnicity: The population pharmacokinetic analysis suggests that Asians (East Asians, N=150) have 56% lower total irinotecan average steady state concentration and 8% higher total SN-38 average steady state concentration than Whites (N=182).

Hepatic Impairment: The pharmacokinetics of irinotecan liposome have not been studied in patients with hepatic impairment. In a population pharmacokinetic analysis, patients with baseline bilirubin concentrations of 1-2 mg/dL (N=19) had average steady state concentrations for total SN-38 that were increased by 37% compared to patients with baseline bilirubin concentrations of < 1 mg/dL (N=329); however, there was no effect of elevated ALT/AST concentrations on total SN-38 concentrations. No data are available in patients with bilirubin > 2 mg/dL.

Drug Interactions

In a population pharmacokinetic analysis, the pharmacokinetics of total irinotecan and total SN-38 were not altered by the co-administration of fluorouracil/leucovorin.

Following administration of irinotecan HCl, dexamethasone, a moderate CYP3A4 inducer, does not alter the pharmacokinetics of irinotecan.

In vitro studies indicate that irinotecan, SN-38 and another metabolite, aminopentane carboxylic acid (APC), do not inhibit cytochrome P-450 isozymes.

Pharmacogenomics

Individuals who are homozygous for the UGT1A1*28 allele are at increased risk for neutropenia from irinotecan HCl. In Study 1, patients homozygous for the UGT1A1*28 allele (N=7) initiated ONIVYDE at a reduced dose of 50 mg/m² in combination with 5-FU/LV. The frequency of Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia in these patients [2 of 7 (28.6% )] was similar to the frequency in patients not homozygous for the UGT1A1*28 allele who received a starting dose of ONIVYDE of 70 mg/m² [30 of 110 (27.3%)].

Clinical Studies

The efficacy of ONIVYDE was evaluated in Study 1, a three-arm, randomized, open-label trial in patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma with documented disease progression, after gemcitabine or gemcitabine-based therapy. Key eligibility criteria included Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) ≥ 70, serum bilirubin within institution limits of normal, and albumin ≥ 3.0 g/dL. Patients were randomized to receive ONIVYDE plus fluorouracil/leucovorin (ONIVYDE/5-FU/LV), ONIVYDE, or fluorouracil/leucovorin (5-FU/LV). Randomization was stratified by ethnicity (White vs. East Asian vs. other), KPS (70-80 vs. 90-100), and baseline albumin level ( ≥ 4 g/dL vs. 3.0-3.9 g/dL). Patients randomized to ONIVYDE/5-FU/LV received ONIVYDE 70 mg/m² as an intravenous infusion over 90 minutes, followed by leucovorin 400 mg/m² intravenously over 30 minutes, followed by fluorouracil 2400 mg/m² intravenously over 46 hours, every 2 weeks. The ONIVYDE dose of 70 mg/m² is based on irinotecan free base (equivalent to 80 mg/m² of irinotecan as the hydrochloride trihydrate). Patients randomized to ONIVYDE as a single agent received ONIVYDE 100 mg/m² as an intravenous infusion over 90 minutes every 3 weeks. Patients randomized to 5-FU/LV received leucovorin 200 mg/m² intravenously over 30 minutes, followed by fluorouracil 2000 mg/m² intravenously over 24 hours, administered on Days 1, 8, 15 and 22 of a 6-week cycle. Patients homozygous for the UGT1A1*28 allele initiated ONIVYDE at a reduced dose (50 mg/m² ONIVYDE, if given with 5-FU/LV or 70 mg/m² ONIVYDE as a single agent). When ONIVYDE was withheld or discontinued for adverse reactions, 5-FU was also withheld or discontinued. When the dose of 15

ONIVYDE was reduced for adverse reactions, the dose of 5-FU was reduced by 25%. Treatment continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

The major efficacy outcome measure was overall survival (OS) with two pair-wise comparisons: ONIVYDE versus 5-FU/LV and ONIVYDE/5-FU/LV versus 5-FU/LV. Additional efficacy outcome measures were progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR). Tumor status assessments were conducted at baseline and every 6 weeks thereafter. The trial was initiated as a two-arm study and amended after initiation to include a third arm (ONIVYDE/5-FU/LV). The comparisons between the ONIVYDE/5-FU/LV and the 5-FU/LV arms are limited to patients enrolled in the 5-FU/LV arm after this protocol amendment.

Four hundred seventeen patients were randomized to: ONIVYDE/5-FU/LV (N=117), ONIVYDE (N=151), or 5-FU/LV (N=149). Baseline demographics and tumor characteristics for the 236 patients randomized to ONIVYDE/5-FU/LV or 5-FU/LV (N=119) after the addition of the third arm to the study were a median age of 63 years (range 34-81 years) and with 41% ≥ 65 years of age; 58% were men; 63% were White, 30% were Asian, 3% were Black or African American, and 5% were other. Mean baseline albumin level was 3.97 g/dL, and baseline KPS was 90-100 in 53% of patients. Disease characteristics included liver metastasis (67%) and lung metastasis (31%). A total of 13% of patients received gemcitabine in the neoadjuvant/adjuvant setting only, 55% of patients had 1 prior line of therapy for metastatic disease, and 33% of patients had 2 or more prior lines of therapy for metastatic disease. All patients received prior gemcitabine (alone or in combination with another agent), 54% received prior gemcitabine in combination with another agent, and 13% received prior gemcitabine in combination with nab-paclitaxel.

Study 1 demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in overall survival for the ONIVYDE/5-FU/LV arm over the 5-FU/LV arm as summarized in Table 5 and Figure 1.

There was no improvement in overall survival for the ONIVYDE arm over the 5-FU/LV arm (hazard ratio=1.00, p-value=0.97 (two-sided log-rank test)).

Table 5: Efficacy Results from Study 1†

Figure 1: Overall Survival

REFERENCES

1. OSHA Hazardous Drugs. OSHA. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/hazardousdrugs/index.html

Medication Guide

PATIENT INFORMATION

Advise patients of the following:

Severe Neutropenia

Advise patients of the risk of neutropenia leading to severe and life-threatening infections and the need for monitoring of blood counts. Instruct patients to contact their healthcare provider immediately if experiencing signs of infection, such as fever, chills, dizziness, or shortness of breath [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Severe Diarrhea

Inform patients of the risk of severe diarrhea. Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider if they experience persistent vomiting or diarrhea; black or bloody stools; or symptoms of dehydration such as lightheadedness, dizziness, or faintness [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Interstitial Lung Disease

Inform patients of the potential risk of ILD. Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider as soon as possible for new onset cough or dyspnea [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, Interstitial Lung Disease].

Hypersensitivity to Irinotecan HCl or ONIVYDE

Advise patients of the potential risk of severe hypersensitivity and that ONIVYDE is contraindicated in patients with a history of severe allergic reactions with irinotecan HCl or ONIVYDE. Instruct patients to seek immediate medical attention for signs of severe hypersensitivity reaction such as chest tightness; shortness of breath; wheezing; dizziness or faintness; or swelling of the face, eyelids, or lips [see CONTRAINDICATIONS and WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Females and Males of Reproductive Potential

Embryo-fetal toxicity: Inform females of reproductive potential of the potential risk to a fetus, to use effective contraception during treatment and for one month after the final dose, and to inform their healthcare provider of a known or suspected pregnancy [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, Use In Specific Populations].

Contraception: Advise male patients with female partners of reproductive potential to use condoms during treatment with ONIVYDE and for four months after the final dose [see Use in Special Populations, Females and Males of Reproductive Potential].

Lactation

Advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with ONIVYDE and for one month after the final dose [see Use in Special Populations].