通用中文 | 阿那白滞 | 通用外文 | Anakinra |
品牌中文 | 品牌外文 | Kineret | |
其他名称 | |||
公司 | 安进(Amgen) | 产地 | 美国(USA) |
含量 | 100mg / 0.67mL | 包装 | 1支/盒 |
剂型给药 | 预充式注射器 皮下注射 | 储存 | 2度-8度(冰箱冷藏,禁止冷冻) |
适用范围 | 类风湿性关节炎 |
通用中文 | 阿那白滞 |
通用外文 | Anakinra |
品牌中文 | |
品牌外文 | Kineret |
其他名称 | |
公司 | 安进(Amgen) |
产地 | 美国(USA) |
含量 | 100mg / 0.67mL |
包装 | 1支/盒 |
剂型给药 | 预充式注射器 皮下注射 |
储存 | 2度-8度(冰箱冷藏,禁止冷冻) |
适用范围 | 类风湿性关节炎 |
阿那白滞
索引条款
•IL-素-1受体拮抗剂
•白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂
适用范围:类风湿性关节炎
剂型
辅料信息提供时(限制,特别是泛型); 咨询特定产品标签。
溶液预充式注射器,皮下[不含防腐剂]:
Kineret:100mg / 0.67mL(0.67mL)[含有edta,聚山梨酸酯80]
品牌名称:美国
•KINERET
药理学类别
•抗风湿,改善疾病
•白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂
药理
白细胞介素-1(IL-1)受体的拮抗剂。 内源性IL-1由炎性刺激物诱导并介导多种免疫应答,包括软骨退化(蛋白聚糖的丧失)和刺激骨吸收。
到达高峰的时间
SubQ:3至7小时
消除半衰期
码头:4至6小时; 严重肾损伤(CrCl <30 mL /分钟):约7小时; ESRD:9.7小时(Yang 2003)
特殊人群:肾功能损害
轻度(CrCl 50至80毫升/分钟),中度(CrCl 30至49毫升/分钟),严重(CrCl <30毫升/分钟)和终末期肾病(ESRD)患者的平均血浆清除率下降16%,50%,70%和75%。
使用:标记的指示
新生儿发作多系统炎症疾病:治疗新生儿发作多系统炎症疾病(NOMID)。
类风湿性关节炎:减少症状和体征,减缓18岁及以上失败1种或多种疾病缓解型抗风湿药物(DMARDs)的中度至重度活动性类风湿性关节炎(RA)的结构损伤进展。
关标签用途
家族性地中海热
来自少数患者的短期对照试验和非对照试验证据表明,阿那白滞素可减少对秋水仙碱耐药或不耐受的家族性地中海热(FMF)患者的发作频率。需要额外的数据来进一步确定阿那白滞素在这种情况下的作用。
基于欧洲抗风湿联盟(EULAR)管理FMF的指南,推荐白细胞介素-1(IL-1)阻断剂用于对秋水仙碱最大剂量无反应或耐药的患者。
痛风,急性发作的治疗(常规治疗无效,禁忌或不能耐受)
来自病例系列和一些回顾性图表综述的数据表明,阿那白滞素可能有益于治疗对常规治疗难以治疗,不耐受或有禁忌症的患者(例如秋水仙碱,NSAIDs,皮质类固醇)的痛风急性发作[ Ghosh 2013],[Ottaviani 2013],[So 2007]。额外的数据可能有必要进一步确定阿那白滞素在这种情况下的作用。
基于欧洲抗风湿联盟(EULAR),可以考虑用于治疗痛风,白细胞介素-1(IL-1)阻滞剂(例如,阿那白滞素)的循证推荐用于治疗频繁发作并且有禁忌症的患者中的急性痛风发作其他抗痛风疗法包括秋水仙碱,NSAIDS和皮质类固醇。在用白细胞介素-1(IL-1)阻滞剂进行闪光治疗后,应调整降尿酸治疗以达到尿酸指标水平。
少年特发性关节炎
来自两项青少年特发性关节炎患者回顾性研究的数据表明,作为一线治疗的阿那白滞素可能有益于这种情况[Hedrich 2012],[Nigrovic 2011]。此外,一项多中心,随机,双盲,安慰剂对照的试验招募了少数患者,支持将阿那白滞素作为辅助治疗应用于此病患者[Quartier 2011]。额外的试验可能有必要进一步确定anakinra在青少年特发性关节炎患者中的作用。
基于美国风湿病学会治疗青少年特发性关节炎的指南,阿那白滞素是有效的,并被推荐作为初始治疗或作为辅助治疗的儿童和青少年全身性幼年特发性关节炎谁没有足够的试验糖皮质激素和/或非甾体类消炎药(NSAIDs)。
心包炎,反复发作
来自小型对照和非对照试验以及几例病例报告/系列的证据表明,阿那白滞素可能有效预防复发性心包炎难治常规治疗的患者复发。需要更大的对照试验。
欧洲心脏病学会(ESC)关于心包疾病诊断和治疗的指南建议,在对秋水仙碱不敏感的患者中,感染阴性,皮质类固醇依赖性复发性心包炎时应考虑静脉注射免疫球蛋白,阿那白滞素或硫唑嘌呤。
禁忌
对大肠杆菌来源的蛋白质,阿那白滞素或制剂的任何组分过敏
剂量:成人
新生儿发作的多系统炎性疾病(NOMID):SubQ:初始:每日1至2mg / kg,1至2次分剂量;根据需要以0.5至1 mg / kg的增量调整剂量;常规维持剂量:每日3至4毫克/千克(最多每日8毫克/千克)。注意:每日一次的管理是首选;然而,剂量也可以分开并且每天施用两次。
家族性地中海热(无标签使用):SubQ:每天100毫克(Ben-Zvi 2016)
痛风,治疗急性发作(常规治疗无效,禁忌或不能耐受)(无标签使用):SubQ:100 mg每日一次(Ghosh 2013; Ottaviani 2013; So 2007)。大多数患者接受治疗3天(所以2007)。额外的数据可能有必要进一步确定阿那白滞素在这种情况下的作用。
心包炎(经常性)(无标签使用):SubQ:每天100毫克。根据有限的数据给药,治疗时间长达6个月(Brucata 2016; Cantarini 2010)。需要额外的数据来进一步确定阿那白滞素在治疗本病中的作用.
类风湿性关节炎(RA):SubQ:每天100mg(每天大约在同一时间施用)
剂量:老年科
参考成人给药。
剂量:儿科
新生儿多发系统炎症疾病(NOMID):婴儿,儿童和青少年:SubQ:指成人给药。
青少年特发性关节炎,系统性(非标签使用):儿童和青少年:SubQ:初始:每日一次1至2 mg / kg;最大初始剂量:100mg;如果1-2周后没有反应,可以每天一次滴定至4mg / kg(最多200mg /天)(Dewitt 2012; Hedrich 2012;Lequerré2008; Nigrovi 2011; Quartier 2011; Ringold 2013)。
剂量:肾脏损害
CrCl≥30 mL /分钟:无需调整剂量。
CrCl <30 mL /分钟或终末期肾病(ESRD):考虑每隔一天给予处方剂量。
血液透析:不可透析(<2.5%)
持续不卧床腹膜透析(CAPD):不可透析(<2.5%)
剂量:肝损伤
制造商的标签中没有提供剂量调整(尚未研究)。
行政
SubQ:使用前请将溶液升温至室温(30分钟)。注入上臂,腹部的外侧区域(不要在肚脐2英寸内使用),大腿中部前部或上部外侧臀部。旋转注射部位;不要将它们涂抹成柔嫩,肿胀,瘀伤,红色或硬质皮肤或皮肤疤痕或妊娠纹。
剂量:肾脏损害
CrCl≥30 mL /分钟:无需调整剂量。
CrCl <30 mL /分钟或终末期肾病(ESRD):考虑每隔一天给予处方剂量。
血液透析:不可透析(<2.5%)
持续不卧床腹膜透析(CAPD):不可透析(<2.5%)
剂量:肝损伤
制造商的标签中没有提供剂量调整(尚未研究)。
行政
SubQ:使用前请将溶液升温至室温(30分钟)。注入上臂,腹部的外侧区域(不要在肚脐2英寸内使用),大腿中部前部或上部外侧臀部。旋转注射部位;不要将它们涂抹成柔嫩,肿胀,瘀伤,红色或硬质皮肤或皮肤疤痕或妊娠纹。
存储
存放在2°C至8°C(36°F至46°F)的冰箱内;不要冻结。不要动摇。避光。丢弃任何未使用的部分。
药物相互作用
Abatacept:Anakinra可能会增强Abatacept的不良/毒性作用。避免组合
抗TNF药物:可能会增强Anakinra的不良/毒性作用。据报道,伴随使用期间严重感染的风险增加。避免组合
卡介苗(膀胱内):免疫抑制剂可能会降低卡介苗(膀胱内)的治疗效果。避免组合
Canakinumab:白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂可能会增强Canakinumab的不良/毒性作用。这种组合是否也会改变对一种或两种药物的治疗反应尚不清楚。避免组合
粗球孢子菌皮试:免疫抑制剂可能会降低粗球孢子菌皮试的诊断效果。监测治疗
Denosumab:可能增强免疫抑制剂的不良/毒性作用。具体而言,严重感染的风险可能会增加。监测治疗
海胆亚目:可能会降低免疫抑制剂的治疗效果。考虑修改疗法
芬戈莫德:免疫抑制剂可以增强芬戈莫德的免疫抑制作用。管理:尽可能避免伴随使用芬戈莫德和其他免疫抑制剂。如果合并,密切监测患者的免疫抑制剂的附加效应(如感染)。考虑治疗改变
来氟米特:免疫抑制剂可增强来氟米特的不良/毒性作用。具体而言,血液学毒性如全血细胞减少症,粒细胞缺乏症和/或血小板减少症的风险可能增加。管理:考虑在接受其他免疫抑制剂的患者中不使用来氟米特负荷剂量。至少每月监测一次接受来氟米特和另一种免疫抑制剂的患者的骨髓抑制情况。考虑修改疗法
那他珠单抗:免疫抑制剂可能会增强那他珠单抗的不良/毒性作用。具体来说,并发感染的风险可能会增加。避免组合
Nivolumab:免疫抑制剂可能会降低Nivolumab的治疗效果。考虑修改疗法
Ocrelizumab:可能增强免疫抑制剂的免疫抑制作用。监测治疗
匹多莫德:免疫抑制剂可能会降低匹多莫德的治疗效果。监测治疗
匹美莫司:可能会增强免疫抑制剂的不良/毒性作用。避免组合
罗氟司特:可以增强免疫抑制剂的免疫抑制作用。考虑修改疗法
Sipuleucel-T:免疫抑制剂可能会降低Sipuleucel-T的治疗效果。监测治疗
他克莫司(局部):可能增强免疫抑制剂的不良/毒性作用。避免组合
存储
存放在2°C至8°C(36°F至46°F)的冰箱内;不要冻结。不要动摇。避光。丢弃任何未使用的部分。
药物相互作用
Abatacept:Anakinra可能会增强Abatacept的不良/毒性作用。避免组合
抗TNF药物:可能会增强Anakinra的不良/毒性作用。据报道,伴随使用期间严重感染的风险增加。避免组合
卡介苗(膀胱内):免疫抑制剂可能会降低卡介苗(膀胱内)的治疗效果。避免组合
Canakinumab:白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂可能会增强Canakinumab的不良/毒性作用。这种组合是否也会改变对一种或两种药物的治疗反应尚不清楚。避免组合
粗球孢子菌皮试:免疫抑制剂可能会降低粗球孢子菌皮试的诊断效果。监测治疗
Denosumab:可能增强免疫抑制剂的不良/毒性作用。具体而言,严重感染的风险可能会增加。监测治疗
海胆亚目:可能会降低免疫抑制剂的治疗效果。考虑修改疗法
芬戈莫德:免疫抑制剂可以增强芬戈莫德的免疫抑制作用。管理:尽可能避免伴随使用芬戈莫德和其他免疫抑制剂。如果合并,密切监测患者的免疫抑制剂的附加效应(如感染)。考虑治疗改变
来氟米特:免疫抑制剂可增强来氟米特的不良/毒性作用。具体而言,血液学毒性如全血细胞减少症,粒细胞缺乏症和/或血小板减少症的风险可能增加。管理:考虑在接受其他免疫抑制剂的患者中不使用来氟米特负荷剂量。至少每月监测一次接受来氟米特和另一种免疫抑制剂的患者的骨髓抑制情况。考虑修改疗法
那他珠单抗:免疫抑制剂可能会增强那他珠单抗的不良/毒性作用。具体来说,并发感染的风险可能会增加。避免组合
Nivolumab:免疫抑制剂可能会降低Nivolumab的治疗效果。考虑修改疗法
Ocrelizumab:可能增强免疫抑制剂的免疫抑制作用。监测治疗
匹多莫德:免疫抑制剂可能会降低匹多莫德的治疗效果。监测治疗
匹美莫司:可能会增强免疫抑制剂的不良/毒性作用。避免组合
罗氟司特:可以增强免疫抑制剂的免疫抑制作用。考虑修改疗法
Sipuleucel-T:免疫抑制剂可能会降低Sipuleucel-T的治疗效果。监测治疗
他克莫司(局部):可能增强免疫抑制剂的不良/毒性作用。避免组合
替莫多肽:免疫抑制剂可能会降低替莫多肽的治疗效果。监测治疗
托法替尼:阿那白滞素可能增强托法替尼的不良/毒性作用。避免组合
曲妥珠单抗:可能增强免疫抑制剂的中性粒细胞减少效应。监测治疗
疫苗(灭活):免疫抑制剂可能会降低疫苗(灭活)的治疗效果。管理:疫苗效力可能会降低。至少在开始使用免疫抑制剂前2周完成所有适合年龄的疫苗接种。如果在免疫抑制剂治疗期间接种疫苗,在免疫抑制剂停药后至少3个月再次接种疫苗。考虑治疗改变
疫苗(活体):免疫抑制剂可能增强疫苗(活体)的不良/毒性作用。免疫抑制剂可能会降低疫苗(Live)的治疗效果。管理:避免使用带有免疫抑制剂的活体生物疫苗;减毒活疫苗不应在免疫抑制剂使用后至少3个月。避免组合
不良反应
> 10%:
中枢神经系统:头痛(12%至14%)
匹多莫德:免疫抑制剂可能会降低匹多莫德的治疗效果。监测治疗
匹美莫司:可能会增强免疫抑制剂的不良/毒性作用。避免组合
罗氟司特:可以增强免疫抑制剂的免疫抑制作用。考虑修改疗法
Sipuleucel-T:免疫抑制剂可能会降低Sipuleucel-T的治疗效果。监测治疗
他克莫司(局部):可能增强免疫抑制剂的不良/毒性作用。避免组合
替莫多肽:免疫抑制剂可能会降低替莫多肽的治疗效果。监测治疗
托法替尼:阿那白滞素可能增强托法替尼的不良/毒性作用。避免组合
曲妥珠单抗:可能增强免疫抑制剂的中性粒细胞减少效应。监测治疗
疫苗(灭活):免疫抑制剂可能会降低疫苗(灭活)的治疗效果。管理:疫苗效力可能会降低。至少在开始使用免疫抑制剂前2周完成所有适合年龄的疫苗接种。如果在免疫抑制剂治疗期间接种疫苗,在免疫抑制剂停药后至少3个月再次接种疫苗。考虑治疗改变
疫苗(活体):免疫抑制剂可能增强疫苗(活体)的不良/毒性作用。免疫抑制剂可能会降低疫苗(Live)的治疗效果。管理:避免使用带有免疫抑制剂的活体生物疫苗;减毒活疫苗不应在免疫抑制剂使用后至少3个月。避免组合
不良反应
> 10%:
中枢神经系统:头痛(12%至14%)
消化道:呕吐(NOMID:14%)
免疫学:抗体发展(RA:49%;中和:2%;抗体发展与不良反应无关)
感染:感染(RA:39%;严重感染:2%至3%;包括蜂窝织炎,肺炎和骨关节感染)
局部:注射部位反应(RA:71%;轻度:73%;中度:24%;严重:2%至3%; NOMID:16%;轻度:76%;中等:24%)
神经肌肉和骨骼:关节痛(NOMID:12%)
呼吸系统:鼻咽炎(NOMID:12%)
其他:发烧(NOMID:12%)
1%至10%:
消化道:恶心(RA:8%),腹泻(RA:7%)
血液学和肿瘤学:嗜酸性粒细胞增多(RA:9%),白细胞计数降低(RA:8%),血小板计数改变(RA;降低2%
频率未定义:
皮肤病:皮疹(NOMID)
内分泌和代谢:高胆固醇血症(RA)
呼吸系统:上呼吸道感染(NOMID)
<1%,上市后和/或病例报告:肝炎(非感染性),过敏反应(包括过敏反应,血管性水肿,瘙痒,皮疹,荨麻疹),血清转氨酶升高,转移(恶性淋巴瘤,恶性黑素瘤),机会性感染,血小板减少症(包括严重)
警告/注意事项
有关不利影响的担忧:
•过敏反应/过敏反应:已经报道过敏反应,包括过敏反应和血管性水肿。如果发生严重超敏反应,停止使用;应该立即使用用于治疗过敏反应的药物。
•感染:与类风湿性关节炎研究中严重感染风险增加相关。 Anakinra不应该在有活动性感染的患者中开始。如果接受anakinra治疗类风湿性关节炎的患者出现严重感染,应停止治疗;如果患者接受anakinra治疗新生儿多系统炎症.
感染:感染(RA:39%;严重感染:2%至3%;包括蜂窝织炎,肺炎和骨关节感染)
局部:注射部位反应(RA:71%;轻度:73%;中度:24%;严重:2%至3%; NOMID:16%;轻度:76%;中等:24%)
神经肌肉和骨骼:关节痛(NOMID:12%)
呼吸系统:鼻咽炎(NOMID:12%)
其他:发烧(NOMID:12%)
1%至10%:
消化道:恶心(RA:8%),腹泻(RA:7%)
血液学和肿瘤学:嗜酸性粒细胞增多(RA:9%),白细胞计数降低(RA:8%),血小板计数改变(RA;降低2%
频率未定义:
皮肤病:皮疹(NOMID)
内分泌和代谢:高胆固醇血症(RA)
呼吸系统:上呼吸道感染(NOMID)
<1%,上市后和/或病例报告:肝炎(非感染性),过敏反应(包括过敏反应,血管性水肿,瘙痒,皮疹,荨麻疹),血清转氨酶升高,转移(恶性淋巴瘤,恶性黑素瘤),机会性感染,血小板减少症(包括严重)
警告/注意事项
有关不利影响的担忧:
•过敏反应/过敏反应:已经报道过敏反应,包括过敏反应和血管性水肿。如果发生严重超敏反应,停止使用;应该立即使用用于治疗过敏反应的药物。
•感染:与类风湿性关节炎研究中严重感染风险增加相关。 Anakinra不应该在有活动性感染的患者中开始。如果接受anakinra治疗类风湿性关节炎的患者出现严重感染,应停止治疗;如果接受anakinra治疗新生儿多发系统炎症性疾病(NOMID)的患者发生严重感染,应将NOMID眩晕的风险与继续治疗相关的风险进行权衡。尚未在免疫抑制患者或慢性感染患者中评估安全性和疗效;对活动性或慢性感染的影响尚未确定。免疫抑制治疗(包括阿那白滞素)可能导致潜伏性结核或其他非典型或机会性感染的再激活;在开始前测试潜伏性结核病患者,并在使用前治疗潜伏性结核感染。
•注射部位反应:注射部位反应通常发生(在治疗的前4周内),通常为轻度,持续14至28天。
•恶性肿瘤:可能影响抗恶性肿瘤的防御措施;对恶性肿瘤发展和进程的影响尚未完全确定。与一般人群相比,在临床试验中已经注意到淋巴瘤风险增加;然而,类风湿性关节炎先前与淋巴瘤发病率增加有关。
•中性粒细胞减少:治疗期间可能会出现中性粒细胞计数减少。评估基线时的中性粒细胞计数,每月3个月,然后每3个月最多1年。在有限数量的NOMID患者中,随着时间的推移,中性粒细胞减少症随着持续的阿那白滞素给药而解决。
疾病相关问题:
•哮喘:哮喘患者慎用;可能会增加严重感染的风险。
•肾功能损害:肾功能损害患者慎用;对于严重肾功能不全(CrCl <30 mL /分钟)和ESRD,建议延长给药间隔(隔日)。
并发药物治疗问题:
•药物 - 药物相互作用:可能存在潜在的重要相互作用,需要调整剂量或频率,进行额外监测和/或选择替代疗法。咨询药物相互作用数据库以获取更多详细信
特殊人群:
•老人:由于潜在的感染风险较高,请谨慎使用。
剂量形式特定问题:
•聚山梨醇酯80:一些剂型可能含有聚山梨醇酯80(也称为Tweens)。在某些个体中暴露于含有聚山梨醇酯80的药物产品后,已经报道了超敏反应(通常是延迟反应)(Isaksson 2002; Lucente 2000; Shelley 1995)。血小板减少症,腹水,肺部恶化和肾脏
•感染:与类风湿性关节炎研究中严重感染风险增加相关。 Anakinra不应该在有活动性感染的患者中开始。如果接受anakinra治疗类风湿性关节炎的患者出现严重感染,应停止治疗;如果接受anakinra治疗新生儿多发系统炎症性疾病(NOMID)的患者发生严重感染,应将NOMID眩晕的风险与继续治疗相关的风险进行权衡。尚未在免疫抑制患者或慢性感染患者中评估安全性和疗效;对活动性或慢性感染的影响尚未确定。免疫抑制治疗(包括阿那白滞素)可能导致潜伏性结核或其他非典型或机会性感染的再激活;在开始前测试潜伏性结核病患者,并在使用前治疗潜伏性结核感染。
•注射部位反应:注射部位反应通常发生(在治疗的前4周内),通常为轻度,持续14至28天。
•恶性肿瘤:可能影响抗恶性肿瘤的防御措施;对恶性肿瘤发展和进程的影响尚未完全确定。与一般人群相比,在临床试验中已经注意到淋巴瘤风险增加;然而,类风湿性关节炎先前与淋巴瘤发病率增加有关。
•中性粒细胞减少:治疗期间可能会出现中性粒细胞计数减少。评估基线时的中性粒细胞计数,每月3个月,然后每3个月最多1年。在有限数量的NOMID患者中,随着时间的推移,中性粒细胞减少症随着持续的阿那白滞素给药而解决。
疾病相关问题:
•哮喘:哮喘患者慎用;可能会增加严重感染的风险。
•肾功能损害:肾功能损害患者慎用;对于严重肾功能不全(CrCl <30 mL /分钟)和ESRD,建议延长给药间隔(隔日)。
并发药物治疗问题:
•药物 - 药物相互作用:可能存在潜在的重要相互作用,需要调整剂量或频率,进行额外监测和/或选择替代疗法。咨询药物相互作用数据库以获取更多详细信
特殊人群:
•老人:由于潜在的感染风险较高,请谨慎使用。
剂量形式特定问题:
•聚山梨醇酯80:一些剂型可能含有聚山梨醇酯80(也称为Tweens)。在某些个体中暴露于含有聚山梨醇酯80的药物产品后,已经报道了超敏反应(通常是延迟反应)(Isaksson 2002; Lucente 2000; Shelley 1995)。在接受含有聚山梨酯80的肠胃外产品后,早产新生儿曾报道过血小板减少,腹水,肺部恶化和肾和肝功能衰竭(Alade 1986; CDC 1984)。见制造商的标签。
其他警告/预防措施:
•免疫接种:开始治疗前,患者应接受所有免疫接种;活疫苗不应该同时给药。目前没有关于治疗对接种治疗患者接种疫苗或活疫苗二次传播的影响的资料。
监视参数
有差别的CBC(基线,然后每月3个月,然后每3个月,期限最长1年);结核病检测(基线);血清肌酐;感染的迹象/症状
怀孕风险因素
乙
怀孕考虑
在动物生殖研究中未观察到不良事件。
与怀孕期间使用阿那白滞素有关的信息有限(Makol 2011; Ostensen 2011)。没有具体的孕期用药指南(Saag [ACR] 2008);妊娠期间不应继续使用,直到获得更多数据(Makol 2011; Ostensen 2011)。
怀孕期间暴露于阿那白滞素的妇女可致电1-877-311-8972联系畸胎信息服务组织(OTIS),类风湿性关节炎和妊娠研究。
患者教育
•讨论与治疗有关的患者对药物和副作用的具体使用。 (HCAHPS:在这次住院期间,您是否给过任何您以前没有服用过的药物?在给您任何新药之前,医院工作人员多长时间告诉您该药的用途?医院工作人员多长时间一次描述可能的副作用一种你能理解的方式?)
•聚山梨醇酯80:一些剂型可能含有聚山梨醇酯80(也称为Tweens)。在某些个体中暴露于含有聚山梨醇酯80的药物产品后,已经报道了超敏反应(通常是延迟反应)(Isaksson 2002; Lucente 2000; Shelley 1995)。在接受含有聚山梨酯80的肠胃外产品后,早产新生儿曾报道过血小板减少,腹水,肺部恶化和肾和肝功能衰竭(Alade 1986; CDC 1984)。见制造商的标签。
其他警告/预防措施:
•免疫接种:开始治疗前,患者应接受所有免疫接种;活疫苗不应该同时给药。目前没有关于治疗对接种治疗患者接种疫苗或活疫苗二次传播的影响的资料。
监视参数
有差别的CBC(基线,然后每月3个月,然后每3个月,期限最长1年);结核病检测(基线);血清肌酐;感染的迹象/症状
怀孕风险因素
乙
怀孕考虑
在动物生殖研究中未观察到不良事件。
与怀孕期间使用阿那白滞素有关的信息有限(Makol 2011; Ostensen 2011)。没有具体的孕期用药指南(Saag [ACR] 2008);妊娠期间不应继续使用,直到获得更多数据(Makol 2011; Ostensen 2011)。
怀孕期间暴露于阿那白滞素的妇女可致电1-877-311-8972联系畸胎信息服务组织(OTIS),类风湿性关节炎和妊娠研究。
患者教育
•讨论与治疗有关的患者对药物和副作用的具体使用。 (HCAHPS:在这次住院期间,您是否给过任何您以前没有服用过的药物?在给您任何新药之前,医院工作人员多长时间告诉您该药的用途?医院工作人员多长时间一次描述可能的副作用一种你能理解的方式?)
•患者可能会出现头痛,恶心,呕吐,腹泻,关节痛,咽炎,鼻漏,鼻炎或腹痛。立即向患者报告感染,瘀伤,出血,严重注射部位刺激,严重头晕,晕厥,心动过速,心跳异常或大量出汗(HCAHPS)的迹象。
•对患者进行有意义的反应(例如喘鸣,胸闷,发烧,瘙痒,严重咳嗽,皮肤蓝色,癫痫发作,或面部,嘴唇,舌头或喉咙肿胀)的征兆。注意:这不是所有副作用的综合列表。患者应咨询开药者有关其他问题。
预期用途和免责声明:不应打印并提供给患者。此信息旨在作为医疗专业人员在与患者讨论药物时使用的简明初始参考。您最终必须依靠您自己的判断力,经验和判断力来诊断,治疗和告知患者。
更多信息
始终咨询您的医疗保健提供商,以确保本页面显示的信息适用于您的个人情况。
Medically reviewed on March 25, 2018
Index Terms
· IL-1Ra
· Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist
SLIDESHOW
Knowledge Center: Rheumatoid Arthritis
Dosage FormsExcipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Solution Prefilled Syringe, Subcutaneous [preservative free]:
Kineret: 100 mg/0.67 mL (0.67 mL) [contains disodium edta, polysorbate 80]
Brand Names: U.S.· Kineret
Pharmacologic Category· Antirheumatic, Disease Modifying
· Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist
PharmacologyAntagonist of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor. Endogenous IL-1 is induced by inflammatory stimuli and mediates a variety of immunological responses, including degradation of cartilage (loss of proteoglycans) and stimulation of bone resorption.
Time to PeakSubQ: 3 to 7 hours
Half-Life EliminationTerminal: 4 to 6 hours; Severe renal impairment (CrCl <30 mL/minute): ~7 hours; ESRD: 9.7 hours (Yang 2003)
Special Populations: Renal Function ImpairmentMean plasma clearance in patients with mild (CrCl 50 to 80 mL/minute), moderate (CrCl 30 to 49 mL/minute), severe (CrCl <30 mL/minute), and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) was decreased by 16%, 50%, 70%, and 75%, respectively.
Use: Labeled IndicationsNeonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease: Treatment of neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID).
Rheumatoid arthritis: Reduction in signs and symptoms and slowing the progression of structural damage of moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in patients 18 years and older who have failed 1 or more disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).
Off Label UsesFamilial Mediterranean feverEvidence from a small number of patients in a short-term controlled trial and noncontrolled trials suggests that anakinra may reduce the frequency of attacks in patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) who are resistant or intolerant to colchicine. Additional data are necessary to further define the role of anakinra in this condition.
Based on European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) guidelines for the management of FMF, interleukin-1 (IL-1) blockers are recommended for patients unresponsive or resistant to the maximum dose of colchicine.
Gout, treatment of acute flares (when conventional therapy is ineffective, contraindicated, or not tolerated)Data from a case series and several retrospective chart reviews have suggested anakinra may be beneficial for the treatment of acute flare of gout in patients who are refractory to, intolerant of, or have contraindications to conventional therapy (eg, colchicine, NSAIDs, corticosteroids) [Ghosh 2013], [Ottaviani 2013], [So 2007]. Additional data may be necessary to further define the role of anakinra in this condition.
Based on European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) evidence-based recommendations for the management of gout, interleukin-1 (IL-1) blockers (eg, anakinra) may be considered for treating acute gout flares in patients with frequent flares and who have contraindications to other anti-gout therapies including colchicine, NSAIDS, and corticosteroids. Following flare treatment with interleukin-1 (IL-1) blockers, urate-lowering therapy should be adjusted to meet uricemia target levels.
Juvenile idiopathic arthritisData from two retrospective studies in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis suggested that anakinra, as first-line treatment, may be beneficial for this condition [Hedrich 2012], [Nigrovic 2011]. Furthermore, a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial enrolling a small number of patients supports the use of anakinra, as adjunctive therapy, in patients with this condition [Quartier 2011]. Additional trials may be necessary to further define the role of anakinra in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Based on the American College of Rheumatology guidelines for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, anakinra is effective and is recommended as initial therapy or as adjunct therapy in children and adolescents with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis who have failed an adequate trial of glucocorticoids and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Pericarditis, recurrentEvidence from small controlled and noncontrolled trials and several case reports/series indicate that anakinra may be effective in preventing recurrences in patients with recurrent pericarditis refractory to conventional therapy. Larger controlled trials are needed.
European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines on the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases recommend that intravenous immunoglobulin, anakinra, or azathioprine be considered in cases of infection-negative, corticosteroid-dependent recurrent pericarditis in patients not responsive to colchicine.
ContraindicationsHypersensitivity to E. coli-derived proteins, anakinra, or any component of the formulation
Dosing: AdultNeonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID): SubQ: Initial: 1 to 2 mg/kg daily in 1 to 2 divided doses; adjust dose in 0.5 to 1 mg/kg increments as needed; usual maintenance dose: 3 to 4 mg/kg daily (maximum: 8 mg/kg daily). Note: Once-daily administration is preferred; however, the dose may also be divided and administered twice daily.
Familial Mediterranean fever (off-label use): SubQ: 100 mg once daily (Ben-Zvi 2016)
Gout, treatment of acute flares (when conventional therapy is ineffective, contraindicated, or not tolerated) (off-label use): SubQ: 100 mg once daily (Ghosh 2013; Ottaviani 2013; So 2007). Most patients received therapy for 3 days (So 2007). Additional data may be necessary to further define the role of anakinra in this condition.
Pericarditis (recurrent) (off-label use): SubQ: 100 mg once daily. Dosing based on limited data with treatment periods up to 6 months (Brucata 2016; Cantarini 2010). Additional data is necessary to further define the role of anakinra in the treatment of this condition.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): SubQ: 100 mg once daily (administer at approximately the same time each day)
Dosing: GeriatricRefer to adult dosing.
Dosing: PediatricNeonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID): Infants, Children, and Adolescents: SubQ: Refer to adult dosing.
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, systemic (off-label use): Children and Adolescents: SubQ: Initial: 1 to 2 mg/kg once daily; maximum initial dose: 100 mg; if no response after 1 to 2 weeks, may titrate up to 4 mg/kg once daily (maximum: 200 mg/day) (Dewitt 2012; Hedrich 2012; Lequerré 2008; Nigrovi 2011; Quartier 2011; Ringold 2013).
Dosing: Renal ImpairmentCrCl ≥30 mL/minute: No dosage adjustment necessary.
CrCl <30 mL/minute or end-stage renal disease (ESRD): Consider administering the prescribed dose every other day.
Hemodialysis: Not dialyzable (<2.5%)
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD): Not dialyzable (<2.5%)
Dosing: Hepatic ImpairmentThere are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling (has not been studied).
AdministrationSubQ: Allow solution to warm to room temperature prior to use (30 minutes). Inject into outer area of upper arms, abdomen (do not use within 2 inches of belly button), front of middle thighs, or upper outer buttocks. Rotate injection sites; do not administer into tender, swollen, bruised, red, or hard skin or skin with scars or stretch marks.
StorageStore in refrigerator at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F); do not freeze. Do not shake. Protect from light. Discard any unused portion.
Drug InteractionsAbatacept: Anakinra may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Abatacept. Avoid combination
Anti-TNF Agents: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Anakinra. An increased risk of serious infection during concomitant use has been reported. Avoid combination
BCG (Intravesical): Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of BCG (Intravesical).Avoid combination
Canakinumab: Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Canakinumab. Whether such a combination will also alter the therapeutic response to one or both agents is unclear. Avoid combination
Coccidioides immitis Skin Test: Immunosuppressants may diminish the diagnostic effect of Coccidioides immitis Skin Test. Monitor therapy
Denosumab: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Immunosuppressants. Specifically, the risk for serious infections may be increased. Monitor therapy
Echinacea: May diminish the therapeutic effect of Immunosuppressants. Consider therapy modification
Fingolimod: Immunosuppressants may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Fingolimod. Management: Avoid the concomitant use of fingolimod and other immunosuppressants when possible. If combined, monitor patients closely for additive immunosuppressant effects (eg, infections).Consider therapy modification
Leflunomide: Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Leflunomide. Specifically, the risk for hematologic toxicity such as pancytopenia, agranulocytosis, and/or thrombocytopenia may be increased. Management: Consider not using a leflunomide loading dose in patients receiving other immunosuppressants. Patients receiving both leflunomide and another immunosuppressant should be monitored for bone marrow suppression at least monthly. Consider therapy modification
Natalizumab: Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Natalizumab. Specifically, the risk of concurrent infection may be increased. Avoid combination
Nivolumab: Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Nivolumab. Consider therapy modification
Ocrelizumab: May enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Immunosuppressants. Monitor therapy
Pidotimod: Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Pidotimod. Monitor therapy
Pimecrolimus: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Immunosuppressants. Avoid combination
Roflumilast: May enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Immunosuppressants. Consider therapy modification
Sipuleucel-T: Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Sipuleucel-T. Monitor therapy
Tacrolimus (Topical): May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Immunosuppressants. Avoid combination
Tertomotide: Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Tertomotide. Monitor therapy
Tofacitinib: Anakinra may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Tofacitinib. Avoid combination
Trastuzumab: May enhance the neutropenic effect of Immunosuppressants. Monitor therapy
Vaccines (Inactivated): Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Vaccines (Inactivated). Management: Vaccine efficacy may be reduced. Complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to starting an immunosuppressant. If vaccinated during immunosuppressant therapy, revaccinate at least 3 months after immunosuppressant discontinuation.Consider therapy modification
Vaccines (Live): Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Vaccines (Live). Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Vaccines (Live). Management: Avoid use of live organism vaccines with immunosuppressants; live-attenuated vaccines should not be given for at least 3 months after immunosuppressants. Avoid combination
Adverse Reactions>10%:
Central nervous system: Headache (12% to 14%)
Gastrointestinal: Vomiting (NOMID: 14%)
Immunologic: Antibody development (RA: 49%; neutralizing: 2%; no correlation of antibody development and adverse effects)
Infection: Infection (RA: 39%; serious infection: 2% to 3%; including cellulitis, pneumonia, and bone and joint infections)
Local: Injection site reaction (RA: 71%; mild: 73%; moderate: 24%; severe: 2% to 3%; NOMID: 16%; mild: 76%; moderate: 24%)
Neuromuscular & skeletal: Arthralgia (NOMID: 12%)
Respiratory: Nasopharyngitis (NOMID: 12%)
Miscellaneous: Fever (NOMID: 12%)
1% to 10%:
Gastrointestinal: Nausea (RA: 8%), diarrhea (RA: 7%)
Hematologic & oncologic: Eosinophilia (RA: 9%), decreased white blood cell count (RA: 8%), change in platelet count (RA; decreased: 2%
Frequency not defined:
Dermatologic: Skin rash (NOMID)
Endocrine & metabolic: Hypercholesterolemia (RA)
Respiratory: Upper respiratory tract infection (NOMID)
<1%, postmarketing, and/or case reports: Hepatitis (noninfectious), hypersensitivity reaction (including anaphylaxis, angioedema, pruritus, skin rash, urticaria), increased serum transaminases, metastases (malignant lymphoma, malignant melanoma), opportunistic infection, thrombocytopenia (including severe)
Warnings/PrecautionsConcerns related to adverse effects:
• Anaphylaxis/hypersensitivity reactions: Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylactic reactions and angioedema, have been reported; discontinue use if severe hypersensitivity occurs; medications for the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions should be available for immediate use.
• Infections: Associated with an increased risk of serious infections in rheumatoid arthritis studies. Anakinra should not be initiated in patients with an active infection. If a patient receiving anakinra for rheumatoid arthritis develops a serious infection, therapy should be discontinued; if a patient receiving anakinra for neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID) develops a serious infection, the risk of a NOMID flare should be weighed against the risks associated with continued treatment. Safety and efficacy have not been evaluated in immunosuppressed patients or patients with chronic infections; the impact on active or chronic infections has not been determined. Immunosuppressive therapy (including anakinra) may lead to reactivation of latent tuberculosis or other atypical or opportunistic infections; test patients for latent TB prior to initiation, and treat latent TB infection prior to use.
• Injection site reactions: Injection site reactions commonly occur (within first 4 weeks of therapy) and are generally mild with a duration of 14 to 28 days.
• Malignancy: May affect defenses against malignancies; impact on the development and course of malignancies is not fully defined. As compared to the general population, an increased risk of lymphoma has been noted in clinical trials; however, rheumatoid arthritis has been previously associated with an increased rate of lymphoma.
• Neutropenia: A decrease in neutrophil count may occur during treatment. Assess neutrophil count at baseline, monthly for 3 months, then every 3 months for up to 1 year. In a limited number of patients with NOMID, neutropenia resolved over time with continued anakinra administration.
Disease-related concerns:
• Asthma: Use with caution in patients with asthma; may have increased risk of serious infection.
• Renal impairment: Use caution in patients with renal impairment; extended dosing intervals (every other day) are recommended for severe renal insufficiency (CrCl <30 mL/minute) and ESRD.
Concurrent drug therapy issues:
• Drug-drug interactions: Potentially significant interactions may exist, requiring dose or frequency adjustment, additional monitoring, and/or selection of alternative therapy. Consult drug interactions database for more detailed information.
Special populations:
• Elderly: Use caution due to the potential higher risk for infections.
Dosage form specific issues:
• Polysorbate 80: Some dosage forms may contain polysorbate 80 (also known as Tweens). Hypersensitivity reactions, usually a delayed reaction, have been reported following exposure to pharmaceutical products containing polysorbate 80 in certain individuals (Isaksson 2002; Lucente 2000; Shelley 1995). Thrombocytopenia, ascites, pulmonary deterioration, and renal and hepatic failure have been reported in premature neonates after receiving parenteral products containing polysorbate 80 (Alade 1986; CDC 1984). See manufacturer's labeling.
Other warnings/precautions:
• Immunizations: Patients should be brought up to date with all immunizations before initiating therapy; live vaccines should not be given concurrently. There is no data available concerning the effects of therapy on vaccination or secondary transmission of live vaccines in patients receiving therapy.
Monitoring ParametersCBC with differential (baseline, then monthly for 3 months, then every 3 months for a period up to 1 year); TB test (baseline); serum creatinine; signs/symptoms of infection
Pregnancy Risk FactorB
Pregnancy ConsiderationsAdverse events have not been observed in animal reproduction studies.
Information related to the use of anakinra during pregnancy is limited (Makol 2011; Ostensen 2011). Specific guidelines for use in pregnancy are not available (Saag [ACR] 2008); use should not be continued during pregnancy until more data is available (Makol 2011; Ostensen 2011).
Women exposed to anakinra during pregnancy may contact the Organization of Teratology Information Services (OTIS), Rheumatoid Arthritis and Pregnancy Study at 1-877-311-8972.
Patient Education• Discuss specific use of drug and side effects with patient as it relates to treatment. (HCAHPS: During this hospital stay, were you given any medicine that you had not taken before? Before giving you any new medicine, how often did hospital staff tell you what the medicine was for? How often did hospital staff describe possible side effects in a way you could understand?)
• Patient may experience headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, joint pain, pharyngitis, rhinorrhea, rhinitis, or abdominal pain. Have patient report immediately to prescriber signs of infection, bruising, bleeding, severe injection site irritation, severe dizziness, passing out, tachycardia, abnormal heartbeat, or sweating a lot (HCAHPS).
• Educate patient about signs of a significant reaction (eg, wheezing; chest tightness; fever; itching; bad cough; blue skin color; seizures; or swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat). Note: This is not a comprehensive list of all side effects. Patient should consult prescriber for additional questions.
Intended Use and Disclaimer: Should not be printed and given to patients. This information is intended to serve as a concise initial reference for healthcare professionals to use when discussing medications with a patient. You must ultimately rely on your own discretion, experience and judgment in diagnosing, treating and advising patients.
Further informationAlways consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.