通用中文 | 注射用免疫球蛋白 | 通用外文 | Immune globulin subcutaneous (human) (IGSC) |
品牌中文 | 品牌外文 | Hizentra- | |
其他名称 | |||
公司 | CSL Behring AG(CSL Behring AG) | 产地 | 美国(USA) |
含量 | 1g 5ml | 包装 | 1瓶/盒 |
剂型给药 | 20%的液体制剂,皮下. | 储存 | 室温 |
适用范围 | 治疗原发性免疫缺陷症 |
通用中文 | 注射用免疫球蛋白 |
通用外文 | Immune globulin subcutaneous (human) (IGSC) |
品牌中文 | |
品牌外文 | Hizentra- |
其他名称 | |
公司 | CSL Behring AG(CSL Behring AG) |
产地 | 美国(USA) |
含量 | 1g 5ml |
包装 | 1瓶/盒 |
剂型给药 | 20%的液体制剂,皮下. |
储存 | 室温 |
适用范围 | 治疗原发性免疫缺陷症 |
Hizentra-注射用免疫球蛋白
关键字:注射用免疫球蛋白 Hizentra
CSL Behring公司2010年3月4日宣布,美国FDA已经批准其20%浓度的皮下注射用免疫球蛋白(Hizentra)用于原发性免疫缺陷患者。
作为一周1次用药的免疫球蛋白替代疗法,本品可使机体免疫球蛋白水平维持在稳定和正常水平,从而有效抵抗感染。
原发性免疫缺陷通常为遗传性疾病,可导致整个或部分免疫系统障碍,从而使患者无法抵抗各种常见病原菌导致的感染。
本品是首个获得美国FDA批准的20%皮下用免疫球蛋白。这种高浓度产品通过天然氨基酸L-脯氨酸来保持稳定。L-脯氨酸使本品能够在室温(不超过25ºC)下保存。由于不需要冰箱保存,本品随时可用,使用方便且易于携带。在医师的指导下,原发性免疫缺陷患者可安全地自我用药。
免疫球蛋白替代治疗药Hizentra获准用于治疗原发性免疫缺陷病
圣路易斯(MD Consult)——2010年3月4日,CSL Behring公司宣布,美国食品药品管理局(FDA)已批准Hizentra用于治疗原发性免疫缺陷病(PI)患者。Hizentra是一种皮下用免疫球蛋白替代治疗药,其市售形式为20%的液体制剂,此浓度高于某些替代药物。对PI患者应用免疫球蛋白替代疗法可能有助于治疗其现有的或慢性感染,并防止发生新的感染。
患者可以使用便携式泵在家自行皮下Hizentra给药。这种人性化制剂可在室温下储存,每周用药一次。
FDA批准Hizentra的依据为一项在美国开展的前瞻性、开放性、多中心、单组临床研究结果,该研究旨在评价Hizentra治疗成人和小儿PI患者的疗效、耐受性以及安全性。在研究中,先前每3周或4周接受1次静脉免疫球蛋白输注治疗的患者换成每周1次Hizentra皮下给药治疗,持续15个月(3个月的洗入或洗脱期后,继以12个月的疗效期)。在38例洗入或洗脱期后接受至少1次输注的患者中分析Hizentra的疗效。
与药物有关的最常见不良反应(即临床研究中所观察到的发生率≥5%)有注射部位局部反应、头痛、呕吐、疼痛以及乏力。
Hizentra禁用于下列人群:对免疫球蛋白制剂或Hizentra成分有过敏反应史或重度全身反应史者;患选择性免疫球蛋白A(IgA)缺陷、已知有针对IgA的抗体及有变态反应史者。若出现疑似Hizentra用药的过敏反应时,应即刻停止输注,并给予患者适当治疗。由于Hizentra含有稳定剂L-脯氨酸,故亦应禁用于患高脯氨酸血症的患者。
Hizentra来源于人血浆。无法完全消除传播病毒等传染源的风险,理论上讲,亦无法完全消除克罗伊茨费尔特-雅各布病的病毒。
HIZENTRA
Manufacturer:
CSL Behring, LLC
Pharmacological Class:
Immune globulin subcutaneous (human) (IGSC)
Active Ingredient(s):
Immune serum globulin (human) 0.2g/mL (20%); liq for slow SC infusion; contains L-proline, polysorbate-80; preservative-free.
Indication(s):
Primary immunodeficiency, as replacement therapy.
Pharmacology:
Hizentra is an immune globulin (IgG) that is given by subcutaneous (SC) infusion only. It is prepared from pooled human plasma using a process that retains the Fc and Fab functions of the IgG molecule, and it undergoes screening, testing, and manufacturing steps to reduce the risk of viral transmission.
Hizentra provides opsonizing and neutralizing IgG antibodies against a wide variety of bacterial and viral agents. It is indicated as replacement therapy for primary humoral immunodeficiency, including congenital agammaglobulinemia, common variable immunodeficiency, X-linked agammaglobulinemia, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, and severe combined immunodeficiencies.
Compared to gamma globulin that is administered by IV infusion (IVIG), this product, given as weekly SC infusions, results in relatively stable (lower peak and higher trough) steady-state serum IgG levels.
Clinical Trials:
A prospective, open-label, multicenter, single-arm clinical study was conducted to assess the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of this product in both adult and pediatric patients with primary humoral immunodeficiency. Subjects who had previously received monthly treatment with IVIG were switched to weekly subcutaneous infusions with Hizentra for 15 months (a 12-month efficacy period after a 3-month wash-in/out period). The annual rate of serious bacterial infections (bacterial pneumonia, bacteremia/septicemia, osteomyelitis/septic arthritis, bacterial meningitis, visceral abscess) was evaluated. In the mean intent-to-treat population of 38 subjects, the annual rate of serious bacterial infections was 0, and the annual rate of any infection was 2.76 infections/subject year. Twenty-seven subjects (71.1%) used prophylactic antibiotics, with an annual rate of 48.5 days/subject year. Also, the use of antibiotics and the days out of work/school, and hospitalizations due to infections were examined. Of 12,605 subject days, 71 days were missed from school or work, with an annual rate of 2.06 days/subject year. The number of days of hospitalization for infections was 7, with an annual rate of 0.2 days/subject year.
Legal Classification:
Rx
Contraindication(s):
IgA-deficiency with IgA antibodies and history of hypersensitivity. Hyperprolinemia. Previous severe reaction to human immune globulin.
Adults & Children:
See literature. Give once weekly by slow (over approx. 1 hour) subcutaneous infusion using infusion pump into abdomen, thigh, upper arm, or lateral hip areas; may use up to 4 sites simultaneously. Start treatment 1 week after last IgG (IGIV) infusion. Obtain serum IgG trough level. Initial dose: (1.53 x previous IVIG dose [in grams])/number of weeks between IGIV doses; max volume of 15mL/site for first dose; may increase to 20–25mL/site for subsequent infusions; max flow rate of 15mL/hour per site for first dose; may increase to 25mL/hour per site for subsequent infusions; max 50mL/hour for all sites combined; reduce infusion rate in renal dysfunction or thrombosis risk. Adjust subsequent doses based on serum IgG trough levels after 2–3 months (see dosing chart in literature) and clinical response. Ensure adequate dose (≥200mg/kg) if exposed to measles.
Precaution(s):
Correct volume depletion, check renal function before and during therapy; discontinue if renal function deteriorates. Diabetes mellitus, overweight, hypovolemia: increased risk of renal dysfunction. Hypertriglyceridemia, advanced age, impaired cardiac output, hypercoagulation, prolonged immobilization, hyperviscosity, monoclonal gammopathies: increased risk of thrombotic events. Monitor for aseptic meningitis, hemolysis, delayed hemolytic anemia, transfusion-related acute lung injury (eg, pulmonary edema, dyspnea, hypoxemia). Antibody formation. Risk of transmission of blood-borne diseases. Elderly. Pregnancy (Cat.C). Nursing mothers.
Interaction(s):
Concomitant nephrotoxic drugs: increased risk of renal toxicity. May affect response to live virus vaccinations. May interfere with serological test interpretation.
Adverse Reaction(s):
Local reactions (eg, swelling, redness, heat, pain, itching), headache, vomiting, pain, fatigue, cough, nausea, rash.
How Supplied:
Single-use vial (5mL, 10mL, 20mL)—1
Last Updated:
4/22/2010
Hizentra,免疫球蛋白皮下(人),20%液体是备用,消毒20%(0.2 g/mL)蛋白液体多价人免疫球蛋白G(IgG)为皮下给予的制备物。Hizentra是从大量合并人血浆通过低温乙醇分馏,辛酸分馏,和阴离子交换层析的结合制造。IgG蛋白不会受热或化学或酶修饰。保留IgG分子的Fc和Fab功能。Fab功能测试包括抗原结合的能力,和Fc功能测试,包括补体活化和Fc-受体介导的白细胞活化(用符合IgG测定)。
Hizentra有纯度98%的IgG和pH 4.6至5.2。Hizentra含接近250(范围:210至290 mmol/L)L-脯氨酸(一种非必需氨基酸)作为一种稳定剂,10至30 mg/L聚山梨醇酯80,和痕量钠。Hizentra含≤50 μg/mL IgA. Hizentra不含碳水化合物稳定剂(如,蔗糖,麦芽糖)和无防腐剂。
在Hizentra制造中,所用的血浆单位是使用美国FDA许可的对乙型肝炎表面抗原和抗体对人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)-1/2和丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)血清学检验,以及FDA-许可的对HIV-1和HCV核酸检验(NAT)方法测试的。已发现在这些检验中所有血浆单位是无反应(阴性)。对乙型肝炎病毒(HBV),使用一种研究性的NAT方法而发现血浆单位是阴性;但是,尚未确定阴性结果的意义[significance]。此外,血浆曾用NAT检验对B19病毒(B19V)DNA。只有通过病毒筛选血浆被用于生产,而对B19V在分级分离[fractionation]合并中的限度被设定为不超过104 IU B19V DNA每mL。
为减低病毒传播风险,Hizentra制造工艺过程包括三步。其中两步是专用病毒清除步骤:pH 4培育灭活包膜病毒和通过大小排阻病毒过滤去除,小至大约20纳米包膜和非包膜病毒均被去除。此外,深度过滤[depth filtration]步骤有助于减少病毒的能力[12]。
一系列体外实验对其灭活能力和/或兼有去除包膜和非包膜病毒,已独立地确切验证这些步骤。表5显示用平均log10减低系数(LRF)表示Hizentra制造工艺过程期间的病毒清除。
还研究制造工艺过程对减低海绵状脑病(transmissible spongiform encephalopathy,TSE)的一种可传播性实验制剂感染性的能力,被考虑作为疯牛病[Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy]雅各布氏症(Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease -- CJD)和其变种(vCJD)的模型[12]。几种生产步骤曾显示减低实验性TSE模型剂感染性。TSE 减低步骤包括辛酸分馏( *** log10),深度过滤(2.6 log10),和病毒过滤( 5.8 log10)。这些研究提供合理保证低水平vCJD/CJD剂感染性,如存在于起始材料中将被去除。
一、适应证和用途:
Hizentra是一种免疫球蛋白皮下(人)(IGSC),20%液体适用于治疗原发性免疫缺陷症[primary humoral immunodeficiency, PI)的替代治疗。这包括但不限于在先天性无丙种球蛋白血症,常见变异型免疫缺陷病,X-关联无丙种球蛋白血症,威斯科特-奥尔德里奇综合征[Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome],和重症联合免疫缺陷。
二、剂量和给药方法:
只为皮下输注。不要注入血管内。
在患者末次免疫球蛋白(人) (IGIV)静脉输注后,开始用Hizentra治疗。
剂量
1. Hizentra的初始每周剂量是计算达到全身血清IgG暴露(浓度时间曲线下面积[AUC])不低于既往IGIV治疗。
2. 初始剂量 =[1.53 × 既往IGIV剂量(克)] / IGIV给予间周数
3. 转换剂量克至毫升(mL),计算剂量(克)×5。
4. 基于临床反应和血清IgG低谷水平调整给予时间。在用Hizentra治疗后2至3个月测定血清IgG低谷水平。调整剂量以达到血清IgG低谷水平为末次IGIV治疗低谷水平的1.3倍。
5. 给药方法
6. 输注部位 – 腹部、大腿、上臂和/或侧臀部。同时用至4个注射部位,部位间至少2英寸。
7. 输注容积 – 首次输注,至15 mL每注射部位,第4次输注后可增至20 mL每注射部位和最大至25 mL当可耐受时。
8. 输注速率 – 首次输注,至15 mL/hr每部位。可增至最大25 mL/hr每部位可耐受时。然而, 最大输注速率不要超过所有合并输注部位总共50 mL/hr。
三、剂型和规格:
0.2 g/mL(20%)蛋白皮下注射
四、禁忌证:
1. 对人免疫球蛋白或Hizentra组分,如聚山梨醇酯80过敏或全身反应。
2. 血脯氨酸过多症(Hizentra含稳定剂L-脯氨酸)。
3. IgA-缺乏有对IgA抗体患者和超敏性史患者。
五、警告和注意事项:
1. IgA-缺乏有抗-IgA抗体患者是处在严重超敏性和过敏反应高危。如发生超敏反应中断使用。
2. 监查患者用IGIV治疗报道发生的反应,用Hizentra可能发生,包括肾功能不全/衰竭、血栓栓塞事件、,无菌性脑膜炎综合征(AMS)、溶血、和输注相关急性肺损伤(TRALI)。
3. 产品从人血浆制造可能含传染因子,如,病毒和,理论上,克罗伊茨费尔特-雅各布病(CJD)病原体。
六、不良反应
研究受试者接受Hizentra最常见不良反应(ARs)观察到5%是局部反应(即,在注射部位肿胀、发红、热、疼痛、和痒)、头痛、呕吐、疼痛、和疲劳。
6.1 临床试验经验
因为临床试验是在广泛不同条件下进行的,某药临床试验中观察到的不良反应率不能与另一药物临床试验中的发生率直接比较而且可能不反映实践中观察到的发生率。
在既往每3或4周曾用IGIV治疗15个月的原发性体液免疫缺陷(PI)受试者中的一项临床研究评价Hizentra的安全性。安全性分析意向治疗(ITT)人群包括49例受试者。ITT人群由所有至少接受1次Hizentra给药受试者组成(见临床研究[14]).
用Hizentra治疗受试者每周给药范围从66至331 mg/kg体重在药物增加/清洗期(洗入/洗出[wash-in/wash-out]期)期间和从72至379 mg/kg在有效期间。49例受试者总共接受2264次每周输注Hizentra。
研究期间无死亡或严重不良反应发生。2例受试者由于不良反应从研究撤出。1例受试者在第3次每周输注后1天经受严重注射部位反应,和另一例受试者经受中度肌炎。两种反应都被判断为“至少可能相关”于给Hizentra。
表2总结不论因果关系最频繁不良事件(AEs)(至少被4例受试者经受)。包括所有不良事件和哪些认为短暂伴Hizentra输注,即,输注期间发生或结束后72小时内。局部反应是观察到最频繁不良事件,与注射-部位反应(即,肿胀、发红、热、疼痛、和痒注射部位处)组成局部反应。
输注伴有短暂不良事件的比例,包括局部反应,对所有输注为1338至2264次(59.1%;95%可信上限62.4%)。排除局部反应,相应比值为173至2264 (7.6%; 95%可信上限of 8.9%)。
表3总结最频繁不良反应(即,那些不良事件研究者认为是“至少可能相关”与Hizentra给药)经受至少2例受试者.
大多数局部反应是或轻(93.4%)或中等(6.3%)强度。
6.2 上市后经验
因为不良反应的上市后报告是志愿和来自不确定大小的人群, 并非总是可能可靠估算这些反应的频数或确定与产品暴露的因果相互关系。
已确定下列不良反应和上市后使用IGIV产品期间报道[11]:
1)输注反应:超敏性(如,过敏反应)、头痛、腹泻、心动过速、发热、疲劳、眩晕、不适、寒战、脸红、荨麻疹或其它皮肤反应、喘息或其它胸部不适、恶心、呕吐、寒颤、背痛、肌肉痛、关节痛、和血压变化。
2)肾:急性肾功能不全/衰竭、渗透性肾病
3)呼吸:无活性、急性呼吸窘迫综合症(ARDS)、急性肺损伤[TRALI]、紫绀、低氧血症、肺水肿、呼吸困难、支气管痉挛
4)心血管:心脏骤停、血栓栓塞、血管虚脱、低血压
5)神经学的:昏迷、意识丧失、癫痫发作、震颤、无菌性脑膜炎综合征
6)外皮的:史-约综合征,重症多形性红斑[Stevens-Johnson syndrome]、表皮松解、多形红斑、皮炎(如,大疱性皮炎)
7)血液学:全血细胞减少症、白细胞减少、溶血、阳性直接抗球蛋白(抗人球蛋白试验,Coombs’)检验
8)胃肠道:肝功能失常、腹痛
9) 一般/机体整体:发热、寒颤
为报道怀疑的不良反应, 可联系CSL Behring 药物安全部电话:1-866-915-6958或FDA电话:1-800-FDA-1088或
7 药物相互作用:
被动输注抗体可能:
1. 导致血清学检验结果的误解。
2. 干扰活病毒疫苗的反应
8 在特殊人群中的使用:
妊娠:无人或动物资料。只有明确需要时使用。
12 临床药理学
12.1 作用机制
Hizentra提供针对种类繁多的细菌和病毒广谱的调理吞噬[opsonizing\和中和IgG抗体.。在原发性体液免疫缺陷(PI)的作用机制尚未完全清楚。.
12.3 药代动力学
参加14个月有效性和安全性研究原发性体液免疫缺陷[PI]受试者的PK子研究中评价Hizentra的药代动力学(PK)(见临床研究[14])。所有PK受试者既往用Privigen?,免疫球蛋白静脉(人),10%液体治疗和被转至每周用Hizentra皮下治疗。在3个月洗入/洗出[wash-in/wash-out]期后,剂量按个人调整至目标全身血清IgG暴露(血清IgG浓度时间曲线下面积;AUC)不低于既往每周-等效IGIV剂量。表6总结用Hizentra和IGIV治疗后子研究中受试者PK参数。
对19例完成洗入/洗出[wash-in/wash-out]期受试者,对Hizentra平均剂量调整为既往每周-等效IGIV剂量的153%(范围:126%至187%)。在个体调整剂量Hizentra治疗12周后,在18/19例受试者中测定最终稳态AUC。稳态AUC的几何均数比值,标准化至每周治疗期,对Hizentra相比IGIV治疗为1.002(范围:0.77至1.20)与对18例受试者90%可信限0.951至1.055。
PK研究包括另外测定用Hizentra(IGSC)血清IgG谷水平与伴有匹配AUC的用IGIV既往谷水平比较的比值评估,显示用Hizentra治疗期间IgG谷水平比用IGIV(Privigen?)治疗期间以前谷水平较高1.3倍。这个计算的IGSC:IGIV比值为1.3(±此值的15%,或±0.2)通过提供稳态目标IgG谷水平,可被用于评估给药用Hizentra水平,其中可假设既往用IGIV稳态谷水平的1.1至1.5倍范围内。然而,在考虑调整剂量患者的临床反应是主要考虑(见剂量和给药方法[2.2]).
用Hizentra,血清峰水平用IGIV达到较低(1616相比2564 mg/dL),而谷水平一般较高(1448相比1127 mg/dL)。与GIV每3至4周给药不同,每周皮下给药结果导致相对稳定的稳态血清IgG水平 [13,14]。用每周给予Hizentra受试者达到稳态后,在18例受试者中观察到2.9天(范围:0至7天)后平均血清峰IgG水平。
14 临床研究
在美国进行的一项前瞻性,开放,多中心,单组,临床研究评价Hizentra在成人和儿童原发性体液免疫缺陷(PI)受试者中的有效性、耐受性和安全性。受试者既往每月接受用IGIV治疗被转至每周皮下给予Hizentra共15个月(3-个月洗入/洗出[wash-in/wash-out]期接着12-个月有效期)。在改良的意向治疗(MITT)人群中有效分析包括38例受试者。MITT人群由完成洗入/洗出[wash-in/wash-out]期和在有效期间接受至少1次Hizentra输注受试者组成。
尽管5%给药剂量不能证实,每周Hizentra剂量范围从72至379 mg每公斤体重,是既往IGIV剂量的149%(范围:114%至180%)。受试者接受总共2264次Hizentra输注。
在本研究中,每次输注注射部位数范围从1至12。73%的输注;注射部位数是4或更少。允许用两个泵同时注射4个部位;但是,1次输注期间超过4个部位可连续使用。对所有注射部位联合输注流速不要超过每小时50 mL。在有效期间,每周输注中位时间范围从1.6至2.0小时。
研究评价严重细菌感染(SBIs)年发生率,定义为细菌性肺炎,菌血症/败血症,骨髓炎/化脓性关节炎,细菌性脑膜炎,和内脏脓肿。研究还评价任何感染年发生率,为感染使用抗生素(预防或治疗),不工作/上学/幼儿园/天护理或由于感染不能进行正常活动,和由于感染住院。
对研究有效期受试者(MITT人群) 有效性结果总结。在本研究中无受试者经受严重细菌感染..
Generic Name: human immunoglobulin g
Dosage Form: subcutaneous infusion
Indications and Usage for Hizentra
Hizentra is an Immune Globulin Subcutaneous (Human) (IGSC), 20% Liquid indicated as replacement therapy for primary humoral immunodeficiency (PI). This includes, but is not limited to, the humoral immune defect in congenital agammaglobulinemia, common variable immunodeficiency, X-linked agammaglobulinemia, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, and severe combined immunodeficiencies.
Hizentra Dosage and AdministrationFor subcutaneous infusion only. Do not inject into a blood vessel.
Preparation and HandlingHizentra is a clear and pale yellow to light brown solution. Do not use if the solution is cloudy or contains particulates.
· Prior to administration, visually inspect each vial of Hizentra for particulate matter or discoloration, whenever the solution and container permit.
· Do not freeze. Do not use any solution that has been frozen.
· Check the product expiration date on the vial label. Do not use beyond the expiration date.
· Do not mix Hizentra with other products.
· Do not shake the Hizentra vial.
· Use aseptic technique when preparing and administering Hizentra.
· The Hizentra vial is for single-use only. Discard all used administration supplies and any unused product immediately after each infusion in accordance with local requirements.
DosageThe dose should be individualized based on the patient's clinical response to Hizentra therapy and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) trough levels.
Start treatment with Hizentra 1 week after the patient's last Immune Globulin Intravenous (Human) (IGIV) infusion. Before receiving treatment with Hizentra, patients need to have received IGIV treatment at regular intervals for at least 3 months. Before switching to Hizentra, obtain the patient's serum IgG trough level to guide subsequent dose adjustments (see below under Dose Adjustment).
Establish the initial weekly dose of Hizentra by converting the monthly IGIV dose into a weekly equivalent and increasing it using a dose adjustment factor. The goal is to achieve a systemic serum IgG exposure (area under the concentration-time curve [AUC]) not inferior to that of the previous IGIV treatment (see Pharmacokinetics [12.3]).
Initial Weekly Dose
To calculate the initial weekly dose of Hizentra, divide the previous IGIV dose in grams by the number of weeks between doses during the patient's IGIV treatment (e.g., 3 or 4); then multiply this by the dose adjustment factor of 1.53.
Initial Hizentra dose = |
Previous IGIV dose (in grams) |
× 1.53 |
To convert the Hizentra dose (in grams) to milliliters (mL), multiply the calculated dose (in grams) by 5.
Dose Adjustment
Over time, the dose may need to be adjusted to achieve the desired clinical response and serum IgG trough level. To determine if a dose adjustment should be considered, measure the patient's serum IgG trough level 2 to 3 months after switching from IGIV to Hizentra. The target serum IgG trough level on weekly Hizentra treatment is projected to be approximately 290 mg/dL higher than the last trough level during prior IGIV therapy.
To adjust the dose based on trough levels, calculate the difference (in mg/dL) between the patient's serum IgG trough level and the target IgG trough level. Then find this difference in Table 1 (Column 1) and, based on the patient's body weight, the corresponding amount (in mL) by which to increase (or decrease) the weekly dose. The patient's clinical response should be the primary consideration in dose adjustment. Additional dosage increments may be indicated based on the patient's clinical response (infection frequency and severity).
Table 1: Adjustment (±mL) of the Weekly Hizentra Dose Based on the Difference (±mg/dL) From the Target Serum IgG Trough Level |
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Difference From Target IgG Trough Level (mg/dL) |
Body Weight (kg) |
||||||||||||
10 |
15 |
20 |
30 |
40 |
50 |
60 |
70 |
80 |
90 |
100 |
110 |
120 |
|
Dose Adjustment (mL per Week)* |
|||||||||||||
* Dose adjustment in mL is based on the slope of the serum IgG trough level response to Hizentra dose increments (5.3 mg/dL per increment of 1 mg/kg per week). |
|||||||||||||
100 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
150 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
10 |
11 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
17 |
200 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
6 |
8 |
9 |
11 |
13 |
15 |
17 |
19 |
21 |
23 |
250 |
2 |
4 |
5 |
7 |
9 |
12 |
14 |
16 |
19 |
21 |
23 |
26 |
28 |
300 |
3 |
4 |
6 |
8 |
11 |
14 |
17 |
20 |
23 |
25 |
28 |
31 |
34 |
350 |
3 |
5 |
7 |
10 |
13 |
16 |
20 |
23 |
26 |
30 |
33 |
36 |
39 |
400 |
4 |
6 |
8 |
11 |
15 |
19 |
23 |
26 |
30 |
34 |
38 |
41 |
45 |
450 |
4 |
6 |
8 |
13 |
17 |
21 |
25 |
30 |
34 |
38 |
42 |
46 |
51 |
500 |
5 |
7 |
9 |
14 |
19 |
23 |
28 |
33 |
38 |
42 |
47 |
52 |
56 |
For example, if a patient with a body weight of 70 kg has an actual IgG trough level of 900 mg/dL and the target trough level is 1000 mg/dL, this results in a difference of 100 mg/dL. Therefore, increase the weekly dose of Hizentra by 7 mL.
Monitor the patient's clinical response, and repeat the dose adjustment as needed.
Dosage requirements for patients switching to Hizentra from another IGSC product have not been studied. If a patient on Hizentra does not maintain an adequate clinical response or a serum IgG trough level equivalent to that of the previous IGSC treatment, the physician may want to adjust the dose. For such patients, Table 1 also provides guidance for dose adjustment if their desired IGSC trough level is known.
Measles Exposure
If a patient is at risk of measles exposure (i.e., due to an outbreak in the US or travel to endemic areas outside of the US), the weekly Hizentra dose should be a minimum of 200 mg/kg body weight for two consecutive weeks. If a patient has been exposed to measles, ensure this minimum dose is administered as soon as possible after exposure.
AdministrationHizentra is for subcutaneous infusion only. Do not inject into a blood vessel.
Hizentra is intended for weekly subcutaneous administration using an infusion pump. Infuse Hizentra in the abdomen, thigh, upper arm, and/or lateral hip.
· Injection sites – A Hizentra dose may be infused into multiple injection sites. Do not use more than 4 sites simultaneously. However, if more injection sites are needed for the full weekly dose, they can be used consecutively. Injection sites should be at least 2 inches apart. Change the actual site of injection with each weekly administration.
· Volume – For the first infusion of Hizentra, do not exceed a volume of 15 mL per injection site. The volume may be increased to 20 mL per site after the fourth infusion and to a maximum of 25 mL per site as tolerated.
· Rate – For the first infusion of Hizentra, the maximum recommended flow rate is 15 mL per hour per site. For subsequent infusions, the flow rate may be increased to a maximum of 25 mL per hour per site as tolerated. However, the maximum flow rate is not to exceed a total of 50 mL per hour for all sites combined at any time.
Follow the steps below and use aseptic technique to administer Hizentra.
1. Assemble supplies – Gather the Hizentra vial(s), disposable supplies (not provided with Hizentra), and other items (infusion pump, sharps or other container, patient's treatment diary/log book) needed for the infusion. |
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2. Wash hands – Thoroughly wash and dry hands. The use of gloves when preparing and administering Hizentra is optional. |
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3. Clean surface – Thoroughly clean a flat surface using an alcohol wipe. |
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4. Check vials – Carefully inspect each vial of Hizentra. Do not use the vial if the liquid looks cloudy, contains particles, or has changed color, if the protective cap is missing, or if the expiration date on the label has passed. |
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5. Transfer Hizentra from vial(s) to syringe · Remove the protective cap from the vial to expose the central portion of the rubber stopper of the Hizentra vial. · Clean the stopper with an alcohol wipe and allow it to dry. · Attach a sterile transfer needle to a sterile syringe. Pull back on the plunger of the syringe to draw air into the syringe that is equal to the amount of Hizentra to be withdrawn. · Insert the transfer needle into the center of the vial stopper and, to avoid foaming, inject the air into headspace of the vial (not into the liquid). · Withdraw the desired volume of Hizentra.
When using multiple vials to achieve the desired dose, repeat this step. |
|
|
6. Prepare infusion pump and tubing – Follow the manufacturer's instructions for preparing the pump, using subcutaneous administration sets and tubing, as needed. Be sure to prime the tubing with Hizentra to ensure that no air is left in the tubing. |
|
|
7. Prepare injection site(s) · The number and location of injection sites depends on the volume of the total dose. Infuse Hizentra into a maximum of 4 sites simultaneously; each injection site should be at least 2 inches apart. |
|
|
· Using an antiseptic skin preparation, clean each site beginning at the center and working outward in a circular motion. Allow each site to dry before proceeding. |
|
|
8. Insert needle(s) · Grasp the skin between 2 fingers and insert the needle into the subcutaneous tissue. · If necessary, use sterile gauze and tape or transparent dressing to hold the needle in place. |
|
|
· Before starting the infusion, attach a sterile syringe to the end of the primed administration tubing and gently pull back on the plunger to make sure no blood is flowing back into the tubing. If blood is present, remove and discard the needle and tubing. Repeat the process beginning with step 6 (priming) using a new needle, new infusion tubing, and a different injection site. |
|
|
9. Start infusion – Follow the manufacturer's instructions to turn on the infusion pump. |
|
|
10. Record treatment – Remove the peel-off portion of the label from each vial used, and affix it to the patient's treatment diary/log book. |
|
|
11. Clean up – After administration is complete, turn off the infusion pump. Take off the tape or dressing and remove the needle set from the infusion site(s). Disconnect the tubing from the pump. Immediately discard any unused product and all used disposable supplies in accordance with local requirements. Clean and store the pump according to the manufacturer's instructions. |
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For self-administration, provide the patient with instructions and training for subcutaneous infusion in the home or other appropriate setting.
Dosage Forms and StrengthsHizentra is a 0.2 g/mL (20%) protein solution for subcutaneous injection.
ContraindicationsHizentra is contraindicated in patients who have had an anaphylactic or severe systemic reaction to the administration of human immune globulin or to components of Hizentra, such as polysorbate 80.
Hizentra is contraindicated in patients with hyperprolinemia because it contains the stabilizer L-proline (see Description [11]).
Hizentra is contraindicated in IgA-deficient patients with antibodies against IgA and a history of hypersensitivity (see Description [11]).
Warnings and PrecautionsHypersensitivitySevere hypersensitivity reactions may occur to human immune globulin or components of Hizentra, such as polysorbate 80. In case of hypersensitivity, discontinue the Hizentra infusion immediately and institute appropriate treatment.
Individuals with IgA deficiency can develop anti-IgA antibodies and anaphylactic reactions (including anaphylaxis and shock) after administration of blood components containing IgA. Patients with known antibodies to IgA may have a greater risk of developing potentially severe hypersensitivity and anaphylactic reactions with administration of Hizentra. Hizentra contains ≤50 mcg/mL IgA (see Description [11]).
Aseptic Meningitis Syndrome (AMS)AMS has been reported with use of IGIV1 or IGSC. The syndrome usually begins within several hours to 2 days following immune globulin treatment. AMS is characterized by the following signs and symptoms: severe headache, nuchal rigidity, drowsiness, fever, photophobia, painful eye movements, nausea, and vomiting. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies frequently show pleocytosis up to several thousand cells per cubic millimeter, predominantly from the granulocytic series, and elevated protein levels up to several hundred mg/dL. AMS may occur more frequently in association with high doses (≥2 g/kg) and/or rapid infusion of immune globulin product.
Patients exhibiting such signs and symptoms should receive a thorough neurological examination, including CSF studies, to rule out other causes of meningitis. Discontinuation of immune globulin treatment has resulted in remission of AMS within several days without sequelae.
Reactions Reported to Occur With IGIV TreatmentThe following reactions have been reported to occur with IGIV treatment and may occur with IGSC treatment.
Renal Dysfunction/Failure
Renal dysfunction/failure, osmotic nephropathy, and death may occur with use of human immune globulin products. Ensure that patients are not volume depleted and assess renal function, including measurement of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine, before the initial infusion of Hizentra and at appropriate intervals thereafter.
Periodic monitoring of renal function and urine output is particularly important in patients judged to have a potential increased risk of developing acute renal failure.2 If renal function deteriorates, consider discontinuing Hizentra. For patients judged to be at risk of developing renal dysfunction because of pre-existing renal insufficiency or predisposition to acute renal failure (such as those with diabetes mellitus or hypovolemia, those who are overweight or use concomitant nephrotoxic medicinal products, or those who are over 65 years of age), administer Hizentra at the minimum rate practicable.
Thrombotic Events
Thrombotic events may occur with use of human immune globulin products3-5. Patients at increased risk may include those with a history of atherosclerosis, multiple cardiovascular risk factors, advanced age, impaired cardiac output, hypercoagulable disorders, prolonged periods of immobilization, and/or known or suspected hyperviscosity. Because of the potentially increased risk of thrombosis, consider baseline assessment of blood viscosity in patients at risk for hyperviscosity, including those with cryoglobulins, fasting chylomicronemia/markedly high triacylglycerols (triglycerides), or monoclonal gammopathies. For patients judged to be at risk of developing thrombotic events, administer Hizentra at the minimum rate practicable.
Hemolysis
Hizentra can contain blood group antibodies that may act as hemolysins and induce in vivo coating of red blood cells (RBCs) with immunoglobulin, causing a positive direct antiglobulin (Coombs') test result and hemolysis.6-8 Delayed hemolytic anemia can develop subsequent to immune globulin therapy due to enhanced RBC sequestration, and acute hemolysis, consistent with intravascular hemolysis, has been reported.9
Monitor recipients of Hizentra for clinical signs and symptoms of hemolysis. If these are present after a Hizentra infusion, perform appropriate confirmatory laboratory testing. If transfusion is indicated for patients who develop hemolysis with clinically compromising anemia after receiving Hizentra, perform adequate cross-matching to avoid exacerbating on-going hemolysis.
Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI)
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema may occur in patients administered human immune globulin products.10 TRALI is characterized by severe respiratory distress, pulmonary edema, hypoxemia, normal left ventricular function, and fever. Typically, it occurs within 1 to 6 hours following transfusion. Patients with TRALI may be managed using oxygen therapy with adequate ventilatory support.
Monitor Hizentra recipients for pulmonary adverse reactions. If TRALI is suspected, perform appropriate tests for the presence of anti-neutrophil antibodies in both the product and patient's serum.
Transmissible Infectious AgentsBecause Hizentra is made from human plasma, it may carry a risk of transmitting infectious agents (e.g., viruses, and theoretically, the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease [CJD] agent). The risk of infectious agent transmission has been reduced by screening plasma donors for prior exposure to certain viruses, testing for the presence of certain current virus infections, and including virus inactivation/removal steps in the manufacturing process for Hizentra.
Report all infections thought to be possibly transmitted by Hizentra to CSL Behring Pharmacovigilance at 1-866-915-6958.
Laboratory TestsVarious passively transferred antibodies in immunoglobulin preparations may lead to misinterpretation of the results of serological testing.
Adverse ReactionsThe most common adverse reactions (ARs), observed in ≥5% of study subjects receiving Hizentra, were local reactions (i.e., swelling, redness, heat, pain, and itching at the injection site), headache, vomiting, pain, and fatigue.
Clinical Trials ExperienceBecause clinical studies are conducted under widely varying conditions, AR rates observed in clinical studies of a product cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical studies of another product and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.
The safety of Hizentra was evaluated in a clinical study for 15 months in subjects with PI who had been treated previously with IGIV every 3 or 4 weeks. The safety analyses included 49 subjects in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population. The ITT population consisted of all subjects who received at least one dose of Hizentra (see Clinical Studies [14]).
Subjects were treated with Hizentra at weekly doses ranging from 66 to 331 mg/kg body weight during the wash-in/wash-out period and from 72 to 379 mg/kg during the efficacy period. The 49 subjects received a total of 2264 weekly infusions of Hizentra.
No deaths or serious ARs occurred during the study. Two subjects withdrew from the study due to ARs. One subject experienced a severe injection-site reaction one day after the third weekly infusion, and the other subject experienced moderate myositis. Both reactions were judged to be "at least possibly related" to the administration of Hizentra.
Table 2 summarizes the most frequent adverse events (AEs) (experienced by at least 4 subjects), irrespective of causality. Included are all AEs and those considered temporally associated with the Hizentra infusion, i.e., occurring during or within 72 hours after the end of an infusion. Local reactions were the most frequent AEs observed, with injection-site reactions (i.e., swelling, redness, heat, pain, and itching at the site of injection) comprising 98% of local reactions.
Table 2: Incidence of Subjects With Adverse Events (AEs)* (Experienced by 4 or More Subjects) and Rate per Infusion, Irrespective of Causality (ITT Population) |
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|
All AEs* |
AEs* Occurring During or Within 72 Hours of Infusion |
||
AE (≥4 Subjects) |
Number (%) of Subjects |
Number (Rate†) of AEs |
Number (%) of Subjects |
Number (Rate†) of AEs |
* Excluding infections. † Rate of AEs per infusion. ‡ Includes injection-site reactions as well as bruising, scabbing, pain, irritation, cysts, eczema, and nodules at the injection site. |
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Local reactions‡ |
49 (100) |
1340 (0.592) |
49 (100) |
1322 (0.584) |
Other AEs: |
|
|
|
|
Headache |
13 (26.5) |
40 (0.018) |
12 (24.5) |
32 (0.014) |
Cough |
8 (16.3) |
9 (0.004) |
5 (10.2) |
6 (0.003) |
Diarrhea |
7 (14.3) |
8 (0.004) |
5 (10.2) |
6 (0.003) |
Fatigue |
6 (12.2) |
6 (0.003) |
4 (8.2) |
4 (0.002) |
Back pain |
5 (10.2) |
11 (0.005) |
4 (8.2) |
5 (0.002) |
Nausea |
5 (10.2) |
5 (0.002) |
4 (8.2) |
4 (0.002) |
Abdominal pain, upper |
5 (10.2) |
5 (0.002) |
3 (6.1) |
3 (0.001) |
Rash |
5 (10.2) |
7 (0.003) |
2 (4.1) |
3 (0.001) |
Pain in extremity |
4 (8.2) |
7 (0.003) |
4 (8.2) |
6 (0.003) |
Migraine |
4 (8.2) |
5 (0.002) |
3 (6.1) |
4 (0.002) |
Pain |
4 (8.2) |
5 (0.002) |
3 (6.1) |
4 (0.002) |
Epistaxis |
4 (8.2) |
6 (0.003) |
2 (4.1) |
3 (0.001) |
Pharyngolaryngeal pain |
4 (8.2) |
6 (0.003) |
2 (4.1) |
2 (<0.001) |
Arthralgia |
4 (8.2) |
5 (0.002) |
2 (4.1) |
3 (0.001) |
The ratio of infusions with temporally associated AEs, including local reactions, to all infusions was 1338 to 2264 (59.1%; upper 95% confidence limit of 62.4%). Excluding local reactions, the corresponding ratio was 173 to 2264 (7.6%; upper 95% confidence limit of 8.9%).
Table 3 summarizes the most frequent ARs (i.e., those AEs considered by the investigators to be "at least possibly related" to Hizentra administration) experienced by at least 2 subjects.
Table 3: Incidence of Subjects With Adverse Reactions (Experienced by 2 or More Subjects) to Hizentra and Rate per Infusion (ITT Population) |
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Adverse Reaction |
Number (%) of Subjects |
Number (Rate*) of |
* Rate of ARs per infusion. † Includes injection-site reactions as well as bruising, scabbing, pain, irritation, cysts, eczema, and nodules at the injection site. |
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Local reactions† |
49 (100) |
1338 (0.591) |
Other ARs: |
|
|
Headache |
12 (24.5) |
36 (0.016) |
Vomiting |
3 (6.1) |
3 (0.001) |
Pain |
3 (6.1) |
4 (0.002) |
Fatigue |
3 (6.1) |
3 (0.001) |
Contusion |
2 (4.1) |
3 (0.001) |
Back pain |
2 (4.1) |
3 (0.001) |
Migraine |
2 (4.1) |
3 (0.001) |
Diarrhea |
2 (4.1) |
2 (<0.001) |
Abdominal pain, upper |
2 (4.1) |
2 (<0.001) |
Nausea |
2 (4.1) |
2 (<0.001) |
Rash |
2 (4.1) |
2 (<0.001) |
Arthralgia |
2 (4.1) |
2 (<0.001) |
Table 4 summarizes injection-site reactions based on investigator assessments 15 to 45 minutes after the end of the 683 infusions administered during regularly scheduled visits (every 4 weeks).
Table 4: Investigator Assessments* of Injection-Site Reactions by Infusion |
|
Injection-Site Reaction |
Number† (Rate‡) of Reactions |
* 15 to 45 minutes after the end of infusions administered at regularly scheduled visits (every 4 weeks). † For multiple injection sites, every site was judged, but only the site with the strongest reaction was recorded. ‡ Rate of injection-site reactions per infusion. § Number of infusions administered during regularly scheduled visits. |
|
Edema/induration |
467 (0.68) |
Erythema |
346 (0.50) |
Local heat |
108 (0.16) |
Local pain |
88 (0.13) |
Itching |
64 (0.09) |
Most local reactions were either mild (93.4%) or moderate (6.3%) in intensity.
Postmarketing ExperienceBecause postmarketing reporting of adverse reactions is voluntary and from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate the frequency of these reactions or establish a causal relationship to product exposure.
The following adverse reactions have been identified and reported during the postmarketing use of IGIV products11:
· Infusion reactions: Hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylaxis), headache, diarrhea, tachycardia, fever, fatigue, dizziness, malaise, chills, flushing, urticaria or other skin reactions, wheezing or other chest discomfort, nausea, vomiting, rigors, back pain, myalgia, arthralgia, and changes in blood pressure
· Renal: Acute renal dysfunction/failure, osmotic nephropathy
· Respiratory: Apnea, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), TRALI, cyanosis, hypoxemia, pulmonary edema, dyspnea, bronchospasm
· Cardiovascular: Cardiac arrest, thromboembolism, vascular collapse, hypotension
· Neurological: Coma, loss of consciousness, seizures, tremor, aseptic meningitis syndrome
· Integumentary: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, epidermolysis, erythema multiforme, dermatitis (e.g., bullous dermatitis)
· Hematologic: Pancytopenia, leukopenia, hemolysis, positive direct antiglobulin (Coombs') test
· Gastrointestinal: Hepatic dysfunction, abdominal pain
· General/Body as a Whole: Pyrexia, rigors
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact CSL Behring Pharmacovigilance at 1-866-915-6958 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Drug InteractionsLive Virus VaccinesThe passive transfer of antibodies with immunoglobulin administration may interfere with the response to live virus vaccines such as measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (see Patient Counseling Information [17]).
Serological TestingVarious passively transferred antibodies in immunoglobulin preparations may lead to misinterpretation of the results of serological testing.
USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONSPregnancyPregnancy Category C. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Hizentra. It is not known whether Hizentra can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Hizentra should be given to pregnant women only if clearly needed.
Nursing MothersHizentra has not been evaluated in nursing mothers.
Pediatric UseThe safety and effectiveness of Hizentra have been established in the pediatric age groups 2 to 16, as supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled studies. Hizentra was evaluated in 10 pediatric subjects with PI (3 children and 7 adolescents) in a study conducted in the US (see Clinical Studies [14]) and in 23 pediatric subjects with PI (18 children and 5 adolescents) in Europe. There were no differences in the safety and efficacy profiles as compared with adult subjects. No pediatric-specific dose requirements were necessary to achieve the desired serum IgG levels.
Safety and effectiveness of Hizentra in pediatric patients below the age of 2 have not been established.
Geriatric UseOf the 49 subjects evaluated in the clinical study of Hizentra, 6 subjects were 65 years of age or older. No overall differences in safety or efficacy were observed between these subjects and younger subjects.
Hizentra DescriptionHizentra, Immune Globulin Subcutaneous (Human), 20% Liquid, is a ready-to-use, sterile 20% (0.2 g/mL) protein liquid preparation of polyvalent human immunoglobulin G (IgG) for subcutaneous administration. Hizentra is manufactured from large pools of human plasma by a combination of cold alcohol fractionation, octanoic acid fractionation, and anion exchange chromatography. The IgG proteins are not subjected to heating or to chemical or enzymatic modification. The Fc and Fab functions of the IgG molecule are retained. Fab functions tested include antigen binding capacities, and Fc functions tested include complement activation and Fc-receptor-mediated leukocyte activation (determined with complexed IgG).
Hizentra has a purity of ≥98% IgG and a pH of 4.6 to 5.2. Hizentra contains approximately 250 (range: 210 to 290 mmol/L) L-proline (a nonessential amino acid) as a stabilizer, 10 to 30 mg/L polysorbate 80, and trace amounts of sodium. Hizentra contains ≤50 mcg/mL IgA. Hizentra contains no carbohydrate stabilizers (e.g., sucrose, maltose) and no preservative.
Plasma units used in the manufacture of Hizentra are tested using FDA-licensed serological assays for hepatitis B surface antigen and antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1/2 and hepatitis C virus (HCV) as well as FDA-licensed Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT) for HIV-1 and HCV. All plasma units have been found to be nonreactive (negative) in these tests. For hepatitis B virus (HBV), an investigational NAT procedure is used and the plasma units found to be negative; however, the significance of a negative result has not been established. In addition, the plasma has been tested for B19 virus (B19V) DNA by NAT. Only plasma that passes virus screening is used for production, and the limit for B19V in the fractionation pool is set not to exceed 104 IU of B19V DNA per mL.
The manufacturing process for Hizentra includes three steps to reduce the risk of virus transmission. Two of these are dedicated virus clearance steps: pH 4 incubation to inactivate enveloped viruses; and virus filtration to remove, by size exclusion, both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses as small as approximately 20 nanometers. In addition, a depth filtration step contributes to the virus reduction capacity.12
These steps have been independently validated in a series of in vitro experiments for their capacity to inactivate and/or remove both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. Table 5 shows the virus clearance during the manufacturing process for Hizentra, expressed as the mean log10 reduction factor (LRF).
Table 5: Virus Inactivation/Removal in Hizentra* |
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|
HIV-1 |
PRV |
BVDV |
WNV |
EMCV |
MVM |
HIV-1, human immunodeficiency virus type 1, a model for HIV-1 and HIV-2; PRV, pseudorabies virus, a nonspecific model for large enveloped DNA viruses (e.g., herpes virus); BVDV, bovine viral diarrhea virus, a model for hepatitis C virus; WNV, West Nile virus; EMCV, encephalomyocarditis virus, a model for hepatitis A virus; MVM, minute virus of mice, a model for a small highly resistant non-enveloped DNA virus (e.g., parvovirus); LRF, log10 reduction factor; nt, not tested; na, not applicable. |
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* The virus clearance of human parvovirus B19 was investigated experimentally at the pH 4 incubation step. The estimated LRF obtained was ≥5.3. |
||||||
Virus Property |
||||||
Genome |
RNA |
DNA |
RNA |
RNA |
RNA |
DNA |
Envelope |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
Size (nm) |
80-100 |
120-200 |
50-70 |
50-70 |
25-30 |
18-24 |
Manufacturing Step |
Mean LRF |
|||||
pH 4 incubation |
≥5.4 |
≥5.9 |
4.6 |
≥7.8 |
nt |
nt |
Depth filtration |
≥5.3 |
≥6.3 |
2.1 |
3.0 |
4.2 |
2.3 |
Virus filtration |
≥5.3 |
≥5.5 |
≥5.1 |
≥5.9 |
≥5.4 |
≥5.5 |
Overall Reduction |
≥16.0 |
≥17.7 |
≥11.8 |
≥16.7 |
≥9.6 |
≥7.8 |
The manufacturing process was also investigated for its capacity to decrease the infectivity of an experimental agent of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE), considered a model for CJD and its variant (vCJD).12 Several of the production steps have been shown to decrease infectivity of an experimental TSE model agent. TSE reduction steps include octanoic acid fractionation (≥6.4 log10), depth filtration (2.6 log10), and virus filtration (≥5.8 log10). These studies provide reasonable assurance that low levels of vCJD/CJD agent infectivity, if present in the starting material, would be removed.
Hizentra - Clinical PharmacologyMechanism of ActionHizentra supplies a broad spectrum of opsonizing and neutralizing IgG antibodies against a wide variety of bacterial and viral agents. The mechanism of action in PI has not been fully elucidated.
PharmacokineticsThe pharmacokinetics (PK) of Hizentra was evaluated in a PK substudy of subjects with PI participating in the 15-month efficacy and safety study (see Clinical Studies [14]). All PK subjects were treated previously with Privigen®, Immune Globulin Intravenous (Human), 10% Liquid and were switched to weekly subcutaneous treatment with Hizentra. After a 3-month wash-in/wash-out period, doses were adjusted individually with the goal of providing a systemic serum IgG exposure (area under the IgG serum concentration vs time curve; AUC) not inferior to that of the previous weekly-equivalent IGIV dose. Table 6 summarizes PK parameters for subjects in the substudy following treatment with Hizentra and IGIV.
Table 6: Pharmacokinetics Parameters of Hizentra and IGIV |
||
|
Hizentra |
IGIV* (Privigen®) |
bw, body weight. |
||
* For IGIV: weekly-equivalent dose. † Standardized to a 7-day period. |
||
Number of subjects |
18 |
18 |
Dose* |
|
|
Mean |
228 mg/kg bw |
152 mg/kg bw |
Range |
141-381 mg/kg bw |
86-254 mg/kg bw |
IgG peak levels |
|
|
Mean |
1616 mg/dL |
2564 mg/dL |
Range |
1090-2825 mg/dL |
2046-3456 mg/dL |
IgG trough levels |
|
|
Mean |
1448 mg/dL |
1127 mg/dL |
Range |
952-2623 mg/dL |
702-1810 mg/dL |
AUC† |
|
|
Mean |
10560 day x mg/dL |
10320 day x mg/dL |
Range |
7210-18670 day x mg/dL |
8051-15530 day x mg/dL |
For the 19 subjects completing the wash-in/wash-out period, the average dose adjustment for Hizentra was 153% (range: 126% to 187%) of the previous weekly-equivalent IGIV dose. After 12 weeks of treatment with Hizentra at this individually adjusted dose, the final steady-state AUC determinations were made in 18 of the 19 subjects. The geometric mean ratio of the steady-state AUCs, standardized to a weekly treatment period, for Hizentra vs IGIV treatment was 1.002 (range: 0.77 to 1.20) with a 90% confidence limit of 0.951 to 1.055 for the 18 subjects.
With Hizentra, peak serum levels are lower (1616 vs 2564 mg/dL) than those achieved with IGIV while trough levels are generally higher (1448 vs 1127 mg/dL). In contrast to IGIV administered every 3 to 4 weeks, weekly subcutaneous administration results in relatively stable steady-state serum IgG levels.13,14 After the subjects had reached steady-state with weekly administration of Hizentra, peak serum IgG levels were observed after a mean of 2.9 days (range: 0 to 7 days) in 18 subjects.
Nonclinical ToxicologyAnimal Toxicology and/or PharmacologyLong- and short-term memory loss was seen in juvenile rats in a study modeling hyperprolinemia. In this study, rats received daily subcutaneous injections with L-proline from day 6 to day 28 of life.15The daily amounts of L-proline used in this study were more than 60 times higher than the L-proline dose that would result from the administration of 400 mg/kg body weight of Hizentra once weekly. In unpublished studies using the same animal model (i.e., rats) dosed with the same amount of L-proline with a dosing interval relevant to IGSC treatment (i.e., on 5 consecutive days on days 9 to 13, or once weekly on days 9, 16, and 23), no effects on learning and memory were observed. The clinical relevance of these studies is not known.
Clinical StudiesA prospective, open-label, multicenter, single-arm, clinical study conducted in the US evaluated the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of Hizentra in adult and pediatric subjects with PI. Subjects previously receiving monthly treatment with IGIV were switched to weekly subcutaneous administration of Hizentra for 15 months (a 3-month wash-in/wash-out period followed by a 12-month efficacy period). The efficacy analyses included 38 subjects in the modified intention-to-treat (MITT) population. The MITT population consisted of subjects who completed the wash-in/wash-out period and received at least one infusion of Hizentra during the efficacy period.
Although 5% of the administered doses could not be verified, the weekly doses of Hizentra ranged from 72 to 379 mg per kg body weight, which was 149% (range: 114% to 180%) of the previous IGIV dose. Subjects received a total of 2264 infusions of Hizentra.
In the study, the number of injection sites per infusion ranged from 1 to 12. In 73% of infusions; the number of injection sites was 4 or fewer. Up to 4 simultaneous injection sites were permitted using 2 pumps; however, more than 4 sites could be used consecutively during one infusion. The infusion flow rate did not exceed 50 mL per hour for all injection sites combined. During the efficacy period, the median duration of a weekly infusion ranged from 1.6 to 2.0 hours.
The study evaluated the annual rate of serious bacterial infections (SBIs), defined as bacterial pneumonia, bacteremia/septicemia, osteomyelitis/septic arthritis, bacterial meningitis, and visceral abscess. The study also evaluated the annual rate of any infections, the use of antibiotics for infection (prophylaxis or treatment), the days out of work/school/kindergarten/day care or unable to perform normal activities due to infections, and hospitalizations due to infections.
Table 7 summarizes the efficacy results for subjects in the efficacy phase (MITT population) of the study. No subjects experienced an SBI in this study.
Table 7: Summary of Efficacy Results (MITT Population) |
|
* Defined as bacterial pneumonia, bacteremia/septicemia, osteomyelitis/septic arthritis, bacterial meningitis, and visceral abscess. † Upper 99% confidence limit: 0.132. ‡ 95% confidence limits: 2.235; 3.370. § Based on 1 subject. |
|
Number of subjects (efficacy phase) |
38 |
Total number of subject days |
12,697 |
Infections |
|
Annual rate of SBIs* |
0 SBIs per subject year† |
Annual rate of any infections |
2.76 infections/subject year‡ |
Antibiotic use for infection (prophylaxis or treatment) |
|
Number of subjects (%) |
27 (71.1) |
Annual rate |
48.5 days/subject year |
Total number of subject days |
12,605 |
Days out of work/school/kindergarten/day care or unable to perform normal activities due to infections |
|
Number of days (%) |
71 (0.56) |
Annual rate |
2.06 days/subject year |
Hospitalizations due to infections |
|
Number of days (%) |
7 (0.06)§ |
Annual rate |
0.2 days/subject year |
1. Gabor EP, Meningitis and skin reaction after intravenous immune globulin therapy. Ann Intern Med 1997:127:1130.
2. Cayco AV, Perazella MA, Hayslett JP. Renal insufficiency after intravenous immune globulin therapy: a report of two cases and an analysis of the literature. J Am Soc Nephrol 1997;8:1788-1793.
3. Dalakas MC. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin and serum viscosity: risk of precipitating thromboembolic events. Neurology 1994;44:223-226.
4. Woodruff RK, Grigg AP, Firkin FC, Smith IL. Fatal thrombotic events during treatment of autoimmune thrombocytopenia with intravenous immunoglobulin in elderly patients. Lancet1986;2:217-218.
5. Wolberg AS, Kon RH, Monroe DM, Hoffman M. Coagulation factor XI is a contaminant in intravenous immunoglobulin preparations. Am J Hematol 2000;65:30-34.
6. Copelan EA, Strohm PL, Kennedy MS, Tutschka PJ. Hemolysis following intravenous immune globulin therapy. Transfusion 1986;26:410-412.
7. Thomas MJ, Misbah SA, Chapel HM, Jones M, Elrington G, Newsom-Davis J. Hemolysis after high-dose intravenous Ig. Blood 1993;15:3789.
8. Wilson JR, Bhoopalam N, Fisher M. Hemolytic anemia associated with intravenous immunoglobulin. Muscle Nerve 1997;20:1142-1145.
9. Kessary-Shoham H, Levy Y, Shoenfeld Y, Lorber M, Gershon H. In vivo administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) can lead to enhanced erythrocyte sequestration. J Autoimmun1999;13:129-135.
10. Rizk A, Gorson KC, Kenney L, Weinstein R. Transfusion-related acute lung injury after the infusion of IVIG. Transfusion 2001;41:264-268.
11. Pierce LR, Jain N. Risks associated with the use of intravenous immunoglobulin. Trans Med Rev2003;17:241-251.
12. Stucki M, Boschetti N, Schäfer W, et al. Investigations of prion and virus safety of a new liquid IVIG product. Biologicals 2008;36:239-247.
13. Smith GN, Griffiths B, Mollison D, Mollison PL. Uptake of IgG after intramuscular and subcutaneous injection. Lancet 1972;1:1208-1212.
14. Waniewski I, Gardulf A, Hammarström L. Bioavailability of γ-globulin after subcutaneous infusions in patients with common variable immunodeficiency. J Clin Immunol 1994;14:90-97.
15. Bavaresco CS, Streck EL, Netto CA, et al. Chronic hyperprolinemia provokes a memory deficit in the Morris Water Maze Task. Metabolic Brain Disease 2005;20:73-80.
How Supplied/Storage and HandlingHow SuppliedHizentra is supplied in a single-use, tamper-evident vial containing 0.2 grams of protein per mL of preservative-free liquid. Each vial label contains a peel-off strip with the vial size and product lot number for use in recording doses in a patient treatment record.
The components used in the packaging for Hizentra contain no latex.
The following dosage presentations are available:
NDC Number |
Fill Size (mL) |
Grams Protein |
44206-451-01 |
5 mL |
1 |
44206-452-02 |
10 mL |
2 |
44206-454-04 |
20 mL |
4 |
When stored at room temperature (up to 25°C [77°F]), Hizentra is stable for up to 30 months, as indicated by the expiration date printed on the outer carton and vial label. DO NOT FREEZE. Do not use product that has been frozen. Do not shake. Keep Hizentra in its original carton to protect it from light.
Patient Counseling Information· Self-administration – If self-administration is appropriate, ensure that the patient receives instructions and training on subcutaneous administration in the home or other appropriate setting and has demonstrated the ability to perform subcutaneous infusions.
o Ensure patients understand the importance of adhering to the weekly administration schedule to maintain the steady levels of IgG in their blood.
o Instruct patients to keep their treatment diary/log book current by recording, after each infusion, the time, date, dose, and any reactions, and by removing the peel-off portion of the label (containing the lot number) from the product vial and placing it in the treatment diary/log book.
o Tell patients that mild to moderate local (injection-site) reactions (e.g., swelling and redness) are a common side effect of subcutaneous therapy, but to contact their healthcare professional if a local reaction persists for more than a few days.
o Inform patients of the importance of having an infusion needle long enough to reach the subcutaneous tissue and of changing the actual site of injection with each infusion.
o Inform patients to consider adjusting the injection-site location, volume per site, and rate of infusion based on how infusions are tolerated.
· Dose adjustments – Inform patients that they should be tested regularly to make sure they have the correct levels of Hizentra (IgG) in their blood. These tests may result in adjustments to the Hizentra dose.
· Hypersensitivity – Inform patients of the early signs of hypersensitivity reactions to Hizentra (including hives, generalized urticaria, tightness of the chest, wheezing, hypotension, and anaphylaxis), and advise them to notify their physician if they experience any of these symptoms.
· AMS – Inform patients of the signs of AMS, including severe headache, neck stiffness, drowsiness, fever, sensitivity to light, painful eye movements, nausea, and vomiting, and advise them to notify their physician if they experience any of these symptoms.
· Interference with vaccines – Inform patients that administration of IgG may interfere with the response to live virus vaccines (e.g., measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella) and to notify their immunizing physician of recent therapy with Hizentra.
· Reactions reported to occur with IGIV treatment – Advise patients to be aware of and immediately report to their physician symptoms of the following potential reactions:
o Decreased urine output, sudden weight gain, fluid retention/edema, and/or shortness of breath, which may suggest kidney problems
o Shortness of breath, changes in mental status, chest pain, and other manifestations of thrombotic and embolic events
o Fatigue, increased heart rate, yellowing of the skin or eyes, and dark-colored urine, which may suggest hemolysis
o Severe breathing problems, lightheadedness, drops in blood pressure, and fever, which may suggest TRALI (a condition typically occurring within 1 to 6 hours following transfusion)
· Transmissible infectious agents – Inform patients that Hizentra is made from human plasma (part of the blood) and may contain infectious agents that can cause disease (e.g., viruses and, theoretically, the CJD agent). Explain that the risk that Hizentra may transmit an infectious agent has been reduced by screening the plasma donors, by testing the donated plasma for certain virus infections, and by inactivating and/or removing certain viruses during manufacturing.
The attached Hizentra "Information for Patients" contains more detailed instructions for patients who will be self-administering Hizentra.
Hizentra
Immune Globulin Subcutaneous (Human), 20% Liquid
Information for Patients
This patient package insert summarizes important information about Hizentra. Please read it carefully before using this medicine. This information does not take the place of talking with your healthcare professional, and it does not include all of the important information about Hizentra. If you have any questions after reading this, ask your healthcare professional.
What is the most important information I should know about Hizentra?
Hizentra is supposed to be infused under your skin only. DO NOT inject Hizentra into a blood vessel (vein or artery).
What is Hizentra?
Hizentra (Hi – ZEN – tra) is a prescription medicine used to treat primary immune deficiency (PI). Hizentra is made from human plasma. It contains antibodies, called immunoglobulin G (IgG), that healthy people have to fight germs (bacteria and viruses).
People with PI get a lot of infections. Hizentra helps lower the number of infections you will get.
Who should NOT take Hizentra?
Do not take Hizentra if you have too much proline in your blood (called "hyperprolinemia") or if you have had reactions to polysorbate 80.
Tell your doctor if you have had a serious reaction to other immune globulin medicines or if you have been told that you also have a deficiency of the immunoglobulin called IgA.
How should I take Hizentra?
You will take Hizentra through an infusion under your skin. You will put up to 4 needles into different places of your body at one time. The needles are attached to a pump with an infusion tube. It usually takes about 60 minutes to do one infusion. You will need to have infusions once a week.
Instructions for using Hizentra are at the end of this patient package insert (see "How do I use Hizentra?"). Do not use Hizentra by yourself until you have been taught how by your doctor or healthcare professional.
What should I avoid while taking Hizentra?
Vaccines may not work well for you while you are taking Hizentra. Tell your doctor or healthcare professional that you are taking Hizentra before you get a vaccine.
Tell your doctor or healthcare professional if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant, or if you are nursing.
What are possible side effects of Hizentra?
The most common side effects with Hizentra are:
· Redness, swelling, and itching at the injection site
· Headache/migraine
· Vomiting
· Pain (including pain in the back, joints, arms, legs)
· Fatigue
· Bruising
· Diarrhea
· Stomach ache
· Nausea
· Rash
Tell your doctor right away or go to the emergency room if you have hives, trouble breathing, wheezing, dizziness, or fainting. These could be signs of a bad allergic reaction.
Tell your doctor right away if you have any of the following symptoms. They could be signs of a serious problem.
· Reduced urination, sudden weight gain, or swelling in your legs. These could be signs of a kidney problem.
· Pain, swelling, warmth, redness, or a lump in your legs or arms. These could be signs of a blood clot.
· Bad headache with nausea, vomiting, stiff neck, fever, and sensitivity to light. These could be signs of a brain swelling called meningitis.
· Brown or red urine, fast heart rate, yellow skin or eyes. These could be signs of a blood problem.
· Chest pains or trouble breathing.
· Fever over 100ºF. This could be a sign of an infection.
Tell your doctor about any side effects that concern you. You can ask your doctor to give you more information that is available to healthcare professionals.
How do I use Hizentra?
Infuse Hizentra only after you have been trained by your doctor or healthcare professional. Below are step-by-step instructions to help you remember how to use Hizentra. Ask your doctor or healthcare professional about any instructions you do not understand.
Instructions for use
Hizentra comes in single-use vials.
Keep Hizentra in the storage box at room temperature.
Step 1: Assemble supplies
Infusion administration tubing
Needle or catheter sets (for subcutaneous infusion)
Y-site connectors (if needed)
Alcohol wipes
Antiseptic skin preps
Syringes
Transfer needles
Gauze and tape, or transparent dressing
Gloves (if recommended by your doctor) |
|
Step 2: Wash hands · Thoroughly wash and dry your hands (Figure 1). · If you have been told to wear gloves when preparing your infusion, put the gloves on. |
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Step 3: Clean surface |
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Step 4: Check vials · The liquid looks cloudy, contains particles, or has changed color. · The protective cap is missing. · The expiration date on the label has passed. |
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Step 5: Transfer Hizentra from vial(s) to syringe · Take the protective cap off the vial (Figure 3). |
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· Clean the vial stopper with an alcohol wipe (Figure 4). Let the stopper dry. |
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· Attach a sterile transfer needle to a sterile syringe (Figure 5). |
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· Pull out the plunger of the syringe to fill the syringe with air. The amount of air should be the same as the amount of Hizentra you will transfer from the vial. · Put the Hizentra vial on a flat surface. Keeping the vial upright, insert the transfer needle into the center of the rubber stopper. · Check that the tip of the needle is not in the liquid. Then, push the plunger of the syringe down. This will inject the air from the syringe into the airspace of the vial. · Leaving the needle in the stopper, carefully turn the vial upside down (Figure 6). · Slowly pull back on the plunger of the syringe to fill the syringe with Hizentra. · Take the filled syringe and needle out of the stopper. Take off the needle and throw it away in the sharps container. |
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When using multiple vials to achieve the desired dose, repeat this step. |
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Step 6: Prepare infusion pump and tubing |
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Step 7: Prepare injection site(s) · Select an area on your abdomen, thigh, upper arm, or side of upper leg/hip for the infusion (Figure 8). · Use a different site from the last time you infused Hizentra. New sites should be at least 1 inch from a previous site. · Never infuse into areas where the skin is tender, bruised, red, or hard. Avoid infusing into scars or stretch marks. · If you are using more than one injection site, be sure each site is at least 2 inches apart. · During an infusion, do not use more than 4 injection sites at the same time. · Clean the skin at each site with an antiseptic skin prep (Figure 9). Let the skin dry. |
|
Step 8: Insert needle(s) · With two fingers, pinch together the skin around the injection site. Insert the needle under the skin (Figure 10). |
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· Put sterile gauze and tape or a transparent dressing over the injection site (Figure 11). This will keep the needle from coming out. |
|
· Make sure you are not injecting Hizentra into a blood vessel. To test for this, attach a sterile syringe to the end of the infusion tubing. Pull the plunger back gently (Figure 12). If you see any blood flowing back into the tubing, take the needle out of the injection site. Throw away the tubing and needle. Start the infusion over at a different site with new infusion tubing and a new needle. |
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Step 9: Start infusion |
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Step 10: Record treatment (Figure 14) |
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Step 11: Clean up · When all the Hizentra has been infused, turn off the pump. · Take off the dressing and take the needle out of the injection site. Disconnect the tubing from the pump. · Throw away any Hizentra that is leftover in the single-use vial, along with the used disposable supplies, in the sharps container (Figure 15). · Clean and store the infusion pump, following the manufacturer's instructions. |
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Be sure to tell your doctor about any problems you have doing your infusions. Your doctor may ask to see your treatment diary or log book, so be sure to take it with you each time you visit the doctor's office.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You can also report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Manufactured by:
CSL Behring AG
Bern, Switzerland
US License No. 1766
Distributed by:
CSL Behring LLC
Kankakee, IL 60901 USA
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 5 mL Vial Label
NDC 44206-451-01
A5614/876
Immune Globulin Subcutaneous
(Human), 20% Liquid
Hizentra™
Subcutaneous use only
Rx only
Each Hizentra single-use vial
contains 1 g IgG. Store Hizentra
up to 25°C (77°F). Do not freeze.
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 5 mL Vial Carton
NDC 44206-451-01
1 g
5 mL
Immune Globulin
Subcutaneous (Human),
20% Liquid
Hizentra™
Single-use vial
For Subcutaneous Administration
Only
Rx only
CSL Behring
Hizentra human immunoglobulin g liquid |
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Labeler - CSL Behring AG (481152762) |
Establishment |
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Name |
Address |
ID/FEI |
Operations |
CSL Behring AG |
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481152762 |
MANUFACTURE |
Revised: 02/2011
CSL Behring AG