通用中文 | 镥177 针剂 | 通用外文 | lutetium Lu 177 dotatate Injection |
品牌中文 | 品牌外文 | Lutathera | |
其他名称 | |||
公司 | Advanced Accelerator Applications(Advanced Accelerator Applications) | 产地 | 意大利(Italy) |
含量 | 370mbq(10mci)/ml | 包装 | 1支/盒 |
剂型给药 | 辐射药物 | 储存 | 室温 |
适用范围 | 胰腺、胃、小肠、结肠和直肠肿瘤的治疗 消化道癌症 |
通用中文 | 镥177 针剂 |
通用外文 | lutetium Lu 177 dotatate Injection |
品牌中文 | |
品牌外文 | Lutathera |
其他名称 | |
公司 | Advanced Accelerator Applications(Advanced Accelerator Applications) |
产地 | 意大利(Italy) |
含量 | 370mbq(10mci)/ml |
包装 | 1支/盒 |
剂型给药 | 辐射药物 |
储存 | 室温 |
适用范围 | 胰腺、胃、小肠、结肠和直肠肿瘤的治疗 消化道癌症 |
2018年1月26日美国食品和药品监管局今天批准Lutathera(lutetium Lu 177 dotatate) 为一种类型癌症影响胰腺或胃肠道被称为胃肠道神经内分泌肿瘤(GEP-NETs)的治疗。这是首次一个辐射活性药物,或辐射药物,曽被批准对GEP-NETs的治疗。Lutathera是适用为有生长抑素受体阳性GEP-NETs成年患者。
FDA的肿瘤卓越中心主任和FDA的药物评价和研究中心中的血液学和肿瘤产品办公室代理主任Richard Pazdur,M.D.说:“GEP-NETs是癌症初始治疗失败后有限治疗选择罕见组未能阻止癌症增长,” “这个批准为有这些罕见癌症患者提供另一种治疗选择。它也显示FDA如何考虑可能来自治疗的的数据被用于在一个扩展存取程序[expanded access program]也对新治疗批准。”
GEP-NETs可能是存在于在胰腺和在胃肠道不同部分例如胃,小肠,结肠和直肠。它被估计[在美国] 27,000人被诊断有GEP-NETs每年中约一人。.
Lutathera是一种放射性药物,通过与细胞的一部分结合起作用,被称为一个生长抑素受体[somatostatin receptor],它可能存在于某些肿瘤上
LUTATHERA使用说明书第一部分
处方资料重点
这些重点不包括安全和有效使用LUTATHERA所需所有资料。请参阅LUTATHERA完整处方资料。
LUTATHERA® (镥[lutetium] Lu 177 dotatate)注射液,为静脉使用
美国初次批准: 2018
完全处方资料
1 适应证和用途
LUTATHERA是适用为生长激素抑制素受体阳性胃肠胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤(GEP-NETs)的治疗,包括成年中前肠,中肠,和后肠神经内分泌肿瘤。
2 剂量和给药方法
2.1 重要安全性指导
LUTATHERA是一种辐射药物;用适当安全措施处置以缩小辐射暴露[见警告和注意事项(5.1)]. 使用 防水手套和有效辐射屏蔽当处置LUTATHERA。辐射药物,包括LUTATHERA,应被使用被或在经专门训练和在安全使用中有经验医生的控制下和处置辐射药物,而它的经验和训练曽通过适当政府机构,该机构授权允许使用辐射药物批准。
开始LUTATHERA前证实生殖潜能女性的妊娠状态[见特殊人群中使用(8.1,8.3)]。
2.2 推荐剂量
推荐的LUTATHERA剂量为7.4 GBq(200 mCi)每8周总共4剂量。给予预先-和同时药物和给予LUTATHERA作为推荐的[见剂量和给药方法(2.3,2.5)]。
2.3 预先药物和同时药物
生长激素抑制素类似物
●开始LUTATHERA前: 终止长效生长激素抑制素类似物(如,长效奥曲肽)开始LUTATHERA前共至少4周。需要时给予短效奥曲肽;开始LUTATHERA前至少24小时终止[见药物相互作用(7.1)]。
● LUTATHERA治疗期间:每次LUTATHERA剂量后4至24小时间肌注地给予长效奥曲肽30 mg。每次随后LUTATHERA剂量的4周内不要给予长效奥曲肽。LUTATHERA治疗期间可能为对症处理被给予短效奥曲肽,但每次LUTATHERA剂量前必须被不给共至少24小时。
● LUTATHERA治疗后: 继续长效奥曲肽30 mg肌注地每4周完成LUTATHERA后直至疾病进展或共至治疗开始后18月。
抗吐药 推荐的氨基酸溶液前30分钟给予抗吐药。
氨基酸溶液
LUTATHERA给药前30分钟开始一个静脉氨基酸溶液含L-赖氨酸和L-精氨酸(表1)。使用如LUTATHERA用相同静脉或给予氨基酸通过在患者其他臂分开的静脉取血部位一个三通道阀给予氨基酸。继续输注期间,和LUTATHERA输注共至少3小时后。如LUTATHERA剂量被减低不要减低氨基酸溶液的剂量[见警告和注意事项(5.4)].
2.4 剂量修饰对不良反应
在表2中提供对不良反应LUTATHERA 的推荐剂量修饰。
2.5 制备和给药
● 使用无菌术和辐射屏蔽当给予LUTATHERA溶液时. 使用夹子当处置小瓶以减小辐射暴露。
● 不要直接地注射LUTATHERA入任何其他静脉溶液。
● LUTATHERA给药前和后用一个适当剂量校正器确证在辐射药物小瓶中LUTATHERA放射活性量。
● 在给药前在一个屏蔽屏下视力观察产品对颗粒物质和变色。遗弃小瓶如存在颗粒或变色。
给药指导
● 插入一个2.5 cm,20号针(短针)至LUTATHERA小瓶和通过一个导管连接至500 mL 0.9% 无菌氯化钠溶液(在输注期间用于转运LUTATHERA)。确保短针不接触在小瓶中LUTATHERA溶液和这个短针不直接地至患者。不允许氯化钠溶液流入至LUTATHERA小瓶LUTATHERA输注开始前和不直接地注射LUTATHERA入氯化钠溶液。
● 插入一个第二针,它是9 cm,18号(长针)入LUTATHERA小瓶确保在整个输注期间这个长针接触和是可靠地至LUTATHERA小瓶的底部。连接长针至患者通过一个充盈有0.9%无菌氯化钠静脉导管和是被专用为LUTATHERA输注至患者。
● 使用一个夹子或泵调节氯化钠溶液通过短针至LUTATHERA小瓶流动在一个流速50 mL/hour至100 mL/hou共5至10分钟和然后200 mL/hour至300 mL/hour 共一个另外25至30分钟(氯化钠溶液通过短针进入小瓶将携带LUTATHERA从小瓶至患者通过导管连接历时总时间30至40分钟)。
● 不要作为一个静脉推注给予LUTATHERA。
● 输注期间,确保在LUTATHERA小瓶溶液的水平维持恒定。
● 遗弃小瓶从长针线和夹子盐水线一旦放射性的水平是稳定共至少5分钟。
● 输注后用一个25 mL的0.9%无菌氯化钠冲洗。
● 按照当地和联邦法律遗弃任何未使用药品或废料。
2.6 辐射剂量学
表3中显示对成年接受LUTATHERA 估算辐射吸收剂量的均数和标准差(SD)。在组织中最大穿透为2.2 mm和均数穿透为0.67 mm。
3 剂型和规格
注射液: Lutetium Lu 177 dotatate的370 MBq/mL(10 mCi/mL)作为一个透明和无色至略微黄色溶液在一个单-剂量小瓶。
4 禁忌证
无。
5 警告和注意事项
5.1 来自辐射暴露风险
LUTATHERA对一位患者的总体长期辐射暴露的贡献。长期累计辐射暴露是伴随对癌症增加风险。在尿中可被检测到辐射共至LUTATHERA给药后30天。缩小对患者辐射暴露,用LUTATHERA治疗期间和后医疗专业人员,和家务人员联系与机构良好辐射安全实践和患者处置方法步骤[见剂量和给药方法(2.1)]。
5.2 骨髓抑制
在NETTER-1中,在接受LUTATHERA患者与长效奥曲肽与患者接受高-剂量长效奥曲肽比较骨髓抑制发生更频(所有级别/级别3或4): 贫血(81%/0)相比(54%/1%);血小板减少血症(53%/1%)相比(17%/0);和中性粒细胞减少血症(26%/3%)相比(11%/0)。在NETTER-1中,血小板最低值发生在一个中位数5.1周首次剂量后。Of the 59例发生血小板减少血症患者,68% 有血小板恢复至基线或正常水平。至血小板恢复中位时间为2月。15/19患者他们的血小板恢复患者没有记录后最低值血小板计数。这些15例患者中,5例改善至级别1,9例至级别2,和 1例至级别3。监视血细胞计数。不给,减低剂量,或永久地终止根据不良反应的严重程度[见剂量和给药方法(2.4)]。
5.3 继发性骨髓增生不良综合证和白血病
在NETTER-1中,有一个中位随访时间24月,骨髓增生不良综合证(MDS)被报道在2.7%的接受LUTATHERA与长效奥曲肽患者,与之比较,接受高-剂量长效奥曲肽无患者。在ERASMUS中,15例患者(1.8%)发生MDS和4例(0.5%)发生急性白血病。至发生MDS中位时间为28月(9 至41月)对MDS和55月(32至155月)对急性白血病。
5.4 肾毒性
在ERASMUS中,LUTATHERA后8例患者(<1%)发生肾衰3至36月。这些患者的两例有潜在肾受损或对肾衰竭风险因子(如,糖尿病或高血压)和需要透析。LUTATHERA 前,期间和后给予推荐的氨基酸溶液[见剂量和给药方法(2.3)]以减低 lutetium Lu 177 dotatate通过远端小管的再吸收和减低对肾辐射剂量。如LUTATHERA的剂量被减低不要减低氨基酸溶液的剂量。忠告患者LUTATHERA期间和后频繁小便。监视血清肌酐和计算肌酐清除率。根据反应的严重程度不给,减低剂量,或永久地终止LUTATHERA[见剂量和给药方法(2.4)]。
有基线肾受损患者可能是处于毒性的更大风险;在有轻度或中度受损进行更频繁评估肾功能。 在有严重肾受损(肌酐清除率 < 30 mL/min)患者未曽研究LUTATHERA。
5.5 肝毒性
在ERASMUS中,2例患者(<1%)被报道有肝肿瘤出血,水肿,或坏死,有一例患者经受肝内充血和胆汁淤积。患者有肝转移可能是由于治疗期间辐射暴露处于肝毒性增加风险。监视转氨酶,胆红素和血清白蛋白。根据反应的严重程度不给,减低剂量,或永久地终止LUTATHERA[见剂量和给药方法(2.2)]。
5.6 神经内分泌危象
在ERASMUS中发生在1%的患者和典型地发生在初始LUTATHERA给药24小时内,有神经内分泌危象,表现有脸面潮红,腹泻,支气管痉挛和低血压。两例(<1%)患者被报道有低钙血症。
监视患者对脸潮红,腹泻,低血压,支气管收缩或肿瘤-相关激素释放其他体征和症状。有适应证时给予静脉生长激素抑制素类似物,液体,皮质激素,和电解质。
5.7 胚胎-胎儿毒性
根据它的作用机制,LUTATHERA可能致胎儿危害[见临床药理学(12.1)]。不能得到在妊娠妇女中使用LUTATHERA的数据。没有进行动物研究利用lutetium Lu 177 dotatate评价对雌性生殖和胚胎-胎儿发育的影响;但是,所有辐射药物,包括LUTATHERA,有潜在致胎儿危害。开始LUTATHERA前证实生殖潜能雌性妊娠状态[见剂量和给药方法 (2.1)]。
忠告生殖潜能女性和男性对胎儿的潜在风险。忠告生殖潜能女性用LUTATHERA治疗期间和最后剂量后共7月使用有效避孕。忠告有生殖潜能女性伴侣的男性治疗期间和最后剂量后共4月使用有效避孕[见特殊人群中使用(8.1,8.3)]。
5.8 不孕不育的风险
LUTATHERA在男性和女性中可能致不孕不育。推荐的累计剂量29.6 GBq的LUTATHERA 导致一个辐射吸收至睾丸和卵巢范围其中由外辐射束后可能被期望暂时或永久不育不孕[见剂量和给药方法 (2.6)和在特殊人群中使用(8.3)]。
6 不良反应
在说明书的其他处描述以下严重的不良反应
● 骨髓抑制[见警告和注意事项(5.2)]
● 继发性骨髓增生不良综合证和白血病[见警告和注意事项(5.3)]
● 肾毒性[见警告和注意事项(5.4)]
● 肝毒性[见警告和注意事项(5.5)]
● 神经内分泌危象[见警告和注意事项(5.6)]
6.1 临床试验经验
因为临床试验是在广泛不同情况下进行的,临床试验观察到不良反应率不能与另一种药临床试验发生率直接比较而且可能不反映在一般患者群观察到的发生率。
在警告和注意事项数据反映在在111例患者有晚期,进展中肠神经内分泌肿瘤(NETTER-1) 对LUTATHERA暴露。在警告和注意事项还得到在附加22例患者在NETTER-1的一项非-随机化药代动力学亚研究的安全数据和在的亚组有晚期生长激素抑制素受体阳性肿瘤被纳入在ERASMUS中患者(811/1214) [见警告和注意事项(5)]。
NETTER-1
下面描述安全性数据是来自NETTER-1,其中随机化(1:1) 患者有进展性,生长激素抑制素受体阳性中肠类腺癌[carcinoid tumors]接受LUTATHERA 7.4 GBq(200 mCi)给予每8至16周同时地与推荐的氨基酸溶液和与长效奥曲肽(30 mg给予通过肌肉注射在每次LUTATHERA剂量的24小时内) (n = 111),或高-剂量奥曲肽(定义为长效奥曲肽60 mg被肌肉注射每4周) (n = 112)[见临床研究(14.1)]。
接受LUTATHERA与奥曲肽患者中,79%接受一个累计剂量> 22.2 GBq (> 600 mCi)和76%的患者接受所有四次计划给药。6%的患者需要一个剂量减低和13%的患者终止LUTATHERA。五例患者终止LUTATHERA因为肾-相关事件和4例终止因为血液学毒性。对患者接受LUTATHERA与奥曲肽随访的中位时间为24月和对患者接受高-剂量奥曲肽为20月。
表4和表5分别总结不良反应和实验室异常的发生率。最常见级别3-4不良反应发生有一个较大频数患者接受LUTATHERA与奥曲肽与接受高剂量奥曲肽患者比较包括: 淋巴细胞减少血症(44%),增加的GGT(20%),呕吐(7%),恶心和升高的AST (各5%),和增加的ALT, 高血糖和低钾血症(各4%)。
在LUTATHERA-治疗患者[臂间≥5%差别(所有级别)或≥2% (结拜3-4)]*包括术语: 肾小球滤过率减低,急性肾损伤,急性肾前衰竭,氮质血症,肾疾患,肾衰竭,肾受损。**包括术语: 排尿困难,排尿急,夜尿,尿频,肾绞痛,肾痛,尿道痛和尿失禁。
ERASMUS
在ERASMUS来自1214 患者可得到的安全数据,一项国际,单机构,单-臂,开放试验有生长激素抑制素受体阳性肿瘤患者(神经内分泌和其他原发性)。患者接受LUTATHERA 7.4 GBq (200 mCi)给予每6至13周有或无奥曲肽。一个亚组811例患者进行回顾性医学记录审评记录严重的不良反应。在亚组中81%患者接受一个累加剂量≥ 22.2 GBq (≥ 600 mCi)。有一个中位随访时间超过4年,报道以下严重不良反应随后率: 骨髓增生不良综合证(2%),急性白血病(1%),肾衰竭(2%),低血压(1%),心衰竭(2%),心肌梗死(1%),和神经内分泌危象(1%)。
7 药物相互作用
7.1 生长激素抑制素类似物
生长激素抑制素及其类似物竞争性结合至生长激素抑制素受体和可能干扰LUTATHERA的疗效。终止长效生长激素抑制素类似物在至少4周和每次LUTATHERA给药前至少24小时短-效奥曲肽。如推荐LUTATHERA治疗期间给予短-和长效奥曲肽[见剂量和给药方法(2.3)]。
8 在特殊人群中使用
8.1 妊娠
风险总结
根据它的作用机制,LUTATHERA可能致胎儿危害[见临床药理学(12.1)]。在妊娠妇女中没有LUTATHERA使用可得到的数据。无动物研究曽被利用lutetium Lu 177 dotatate进行评价它对女性生殖和胚胎-胎儿发育的效应;但是,所有辐射药物,包括LUTATHERA,有潜能致胎儿危害。 忠告妊娠 妇女对胎儿的风险。
在美国一般人群,重大出生缺陷和在临床上被认可妊娠流产的估算背景风险分别是2%至4%和15%至20%。
8.2 哺乳
风险总结
在人乳中lutetium Lu 177 dotatate的存在,或它对哺乳喂养婴儿或乳汁产生的效应没有数据。在动物中未进行哺乳研究。因为在哺乳喂养婴儿对严重不良反应潜能,忠告妇女在用LUTATHERA治疗期间和最后剂量后共2.5月不要哺乳喂养。
8.3 生殖潜能的女性和男性
妊娠测试
开始LUTATHERA前证实生殖潜能女性的妊娠状态[见特殊人群中使用(8.1)]。
避孕
女性
LUTATHERA可能致胎儿危害当给予一位妊娠妇女[见特殊人群中使用(8.1)]。忠告生殖潜能男性治疗期间和LUTATHERA的末次剂量后共7月使用有效避孕。
男性
根据它的作用机制,忠告有生殖潜能女性伴侣男性期间和LUTATHERA的最后剂量后共4月使用有效避孕[见临床药理学(12.1)和非临床毒理学(13.1)]。
不孕不育
推荐的LUTATHERA的累计剂量29.6 GBq导致可期望的由外辐射束辐射治疗后一个辐射吸收剂量对睾丸和卵巢在范围短暂或持久不孕不育[见剂量和给药方法(2.6)]。
8.4 儿童使用
尚未确定在儿童患者中LUTATHERA的安全性和有效性。
8.5 老年人使用
在临床试验中1325例用LUTATHERA治疗患者中,438例患者(33%)为65岁和以上。有一个严重不良事件反应率和患者数与较年轻受试者相似。
8.6 肾受损
对有轻度至中度肾受损患者无剂量调整被推荐;但是,有轻度或中度肾受损患者可能是处于毒性更大的风险。在有轻度至中度受损患者中进行更频繁肾功能评估。未曽研究在有严重肾受损 (被Cockcroft-Gault肌酐清除率 < 30 mL/min)或肾病终末期患者中LUTATHERA 的安全性。
8.7 肝受损
对有轻度或中度肝受损患者无剂量调整被推荐。未曽被研究在有严重肝受损(总胆固醇 > 正常上限3倍和任何AST)患者中LUTATHERA的安全性。
11 一般描述
LUTATHERA(lutetium Lu 177 dotatate)是一种放射标记的生长激素抑制素类似物。该药物物质lutetium Lu 177 dotatate是一个环肽与共价地结合鳌合剂连接1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid至一个放射核素。
Lutetium Lu 177 dotatate被描述为lutetium (Lu 177)-N-[(4,7,10-Tricarboxymethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl) acetyl]-Dphenylalanyl-L-cysteinyl-L-tyrosyl-D-tryptophanyl-L-lysyl-L-threoninyl-L-cysteinyl-L-threonine-cyclic (2-7)二硫化物。分子量为1609.6道尔顿和结构式如下:
LUTATHERA (lutetium Lu 177 dotatate) 370 MBq/mL(10 mCi/mL)注射液是一种无菌,透明,无色至略微黄色溶液为静脉使用。每个单-剂量小瓶含醋酸(0.48 mg/mL),醋酸钠(0.66 mg/mL),龙胆酸[gentisic acid](0.63 mg/mL),氢氧化钠(0.65 mg/mL),抗坏血酸(2.8 mg/mL),二乙烯三铵五乙酸[diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid](0.05 mg/mL),氯化钠(6.85 mg/mL),和注射用水(加1 mL)。溶液的pH范围为4.5至6。
11.1 物理特征
Lutetium (Lu 177)衰变至稳定铪(Hf 177)有一个我半衰期6.647天,通过发射β辐射有最大能量498 MeV和光辐射(γ) 0.208 MeV (11%)和0.113 MeV(6.4%)。表6中是主要辐射的详细。
11.2 外辐射
表7总结Lu 177的放射性衰变的性质。
LUTATHERA使用说明书第二部分
12 临床药理学
12.1 作用机制
Lutetium Lu 177 dotatate以对亚型2受体(SSRT2)亲和力最高结合至生长激素抑制素受体。结合至生长激素抑制素受体表达细胞上,包括恶性生长激素抑制素受体-阳性肿瘤,化合物被内化。来自Lu 177的β辐射在生长激素抑制素受体-阳性细胞和在临近细胞中诱发细胞损伤通过自由基的形成。
12.2 药效动力学
不指定Lutetium Lu 177 暴露-反应相互关系和药效动力学时间过程。
心脏电生理学
在一项开放研究在20例有生长激素抑制素受体-阳性中肠类癌肿瘤患者中在治疗剂量时评估LUTATHERA延长QTc间期的能力。未检测到均数QTc间期(即,>20 ms)巨大变化。
12.3 药代动力学
在有进展性,生长激素抑制素受体阳性神经内分泌肿瘤患者中曽描述lutetium Lu 177 dotatate的药代动力学(PK)特征。在推荐的剂量 lutetium Lu 177 dotatate 均数血暴露(AUC) of 为41 ng.h/mL[变异系数 (CV) 是36 %]。对lutetium Lu 177 dotatate均数最大血浓度(Cmax)为10 ng/mL (CV 50%),一般地发生在LUTATHERA输注结束时。
分布
对lutetium Lu 177 dotatate的均数分布容积为460 L (CV 54%)。给药后4小时内,lutetium Lu 177 dotatate分布在肾,肿瘤病变,肝,脾,和在有些患者,垂体腺和甲状腺。氨基酸的共同给药减低中位辐射剂量至肾为47% (34%至59%)和增加lutetium Lu 177 dotatate的均数β -相血清除率36%。非-放射性形式的lutetium dotatate被43%结合至人血浆蛋白。
消除
对lutetium Lu 177 dotatate的均数清除率(CL)为4.5 L/h (CV 31%)。均数(±标准差)有效血消除半衰期为3.5 (±1.4)小时和均数末端血半衰期为71 (± 28)小时。
代谢
Lutetium Lu 177 dotatate不进行肝代谢。
排泄
LUTATHERA给药后,Lutetium Lu 177 dotatate 被主要地肾消除有累计排泄44%在5小时内,58%在24小时内,和65%在48小时内。被期望在尿中lutetium Lu 177 dotatate的延长消除;但是,根据lutetium 177的半衰期和lutetium Lu 177 dotatate的末端半衰期,大于99%的LUTATHERA将被消除在给药后14天内[见警告和注意事项(5.1)]。
药物相互作用研究
在体外,非-放射活性形式的lutetium不是细胞色素P450 (CYP) 1A2,2B6,2C9,2C19或2D6 一种抑制剂或诱导剂。在体外,它不是P-糖蛋白,BCRP,OAT1,OAT3,OCT2,OATP1B1,OATP1B3,或OCT1的抑制剂。
13 非临床毒理学
13.1 癌发生,突变发生,生育力受损
未曽用Lutetium Lu 177 dotatate 进行致癌性和致突变性研究;但是,辐射是一种致癌剂和致突变剂。未进行动物研究确定lutetium Lu 177 dotatate对生育力的影响。.
13.2 动物毒理学和/或药理学
在动物研究中利用一种非-放射性形式的lutetium Lu 177 dotatate (lutetium Lu 175 dotatate) 在动物研究中主要靶器官为胰腺,一种高SSTR2表达器官。胰腺腺泡状[acinar]凋亡发生在 lutetium Lu 175 dotatate剂量 ≥ 5 mg/kg 在大鼠重复给药毒理学研究。胰腺腺泡状细胞萎缩也发生咋在犬中重复给药毒理学研究在剂量≥ 500 mg/kg。这些发现是与在动物生物分布研究中放射标记多肽在胰腺中高摄取一致。
14 临床研究
14.1 进展性,分化良好晚期或转移生长激素抑制素受体阳性中肠类癌肿瘤
在NETTER-1(NCT01578239),一项随机化,多中心,开放,阳性对照试验,在有进展性,分化良好,局部地晚期/不可手术的或转移生长激素抑制素受体阳性中肠类癌肿瘤患者被确定LUTATHERA的疗效。关键合格标准包括Ki67指数≤ 20%,Karnofsky 性能状态 ≥ 60,在所有病变中确证生长激素抑制素受体的存在(OctreoScan摄取≥ 正常肝),肌酐清除率 ≥ 50 mL/min,无以前用多肽受体放射核素治疗(PRRT),和无以前由外辐射治疗至超过25%的骨髓。229例患者被随机化(1:1)至接受或LUTATHERA 7.4 GBq (200 mCi)每8周共至4次给药(最大累计剂量29.6 GBq)或高-剂量长效奥曲肽(被定义为60 mg通过肌肉注射每4周)。在LUTATHERA臂患者还接受长效奥曲肽30 mg作为一个肌肉注射每次LUTATHERA给药后4至24小时和每4周LUTATHERA 治疗的完成后直至疾病进展或直至研究的周76。在两臂中患者都能接受短效奥曲肽为症状处理;但是,每次LUTATHERA给药前短-效奥曲肽被不给共至少24小时。随机化被OctreoScan肿瘤摄取评分(级别2,3或4)和时间长度患者随机化前(≤ 6或> 6月)曽被最近用恒定剂量奥曲肽分层。主要疗效结局测量为无进展生存(PFS)被一个盲态独立放射学委员会(IRC)按RECIST v1.1测定。附加另外疗效结局测量为总体反应率(ORR)被IRC,反应时间,和总体生存(OS)。
治疗臂间人口统计和基线疾病特征被平衡。208例患者中,他们的种族/民族被报道, 90%为白种人,5%为黑种人,和4%为西班牙或拉丁。中位年龄为64岁(28至87岁);51%为男性,74%有一个髂骨原发性,和96%有肝脏转移疾病。中位Karnofsky性能评分为90 (60至100),74%接受恒定剂量奥曲肽共 > 6月和12%接受用依维莫司[everolimus]以前治疗。69%患者有 Ki67表达在≤ 2%的肿瘤细胞,77%有CgA > 2 倍正常上限(ULN),65%有5-HIAA > 2 x ULN,和65%有碱性磷酸酶≤ ULN。在表 8和图1中展示对NETTER-1疗效结果。
图1.在NETTER-1中对无进展生存的Kaplan-Meier曲线
14.2 生长激素抑制素受体阳性胃肠胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤(GEP-NETs)
在ERASMUS研究中在360例患者中在有前肠,中肠,和后肠胃肠胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤(GEP-NETs)患者中被评估LUTATHERA的疗效。在ERASMUS中,LUTATHERA被初始地提供为在在荷兰中单一地点一个一般性多肽受体放射核素治疗方案下扩大使用。一个随后LUTATHERA-特异性方案被书写研究开始八年后没有描述特异性样本大小或假设测试计划但允许对回顾性数据采集。在ERASMUS中接受LUTATHERA总共1214例患者,其中601例(50%)被评估按RECIST标准。601例患者被研究者用RECIST标准评价,360例(60%)有胃肠-胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤(GEP-NETs)。LUTATHERA 7.4 GBq(200 mCi)被给予每6至13周直至4剂量同时地用推荐的氨基酸溶液。主要疗效结局为研究者评估的ORR。中位年龄在疗效亚组为61岁(25至88岁),52%为男性,61%有一个基线Karnofsky性能状态≥ 90(60至100),60%有进展在治疗的12月内,和15%曽接受以前化疗。55%的患者接受一个同时生长激素抑制素类似物。LUTATHERA的中位剂量为29.6 GBq(800 mCi)。在39%的患者得到基线肿瘤评估。在360例有GEP-NETs患者研究者评估ORR为16%(95% CI 13,20)。观察到三例完全缓解(< 1%)。在58例反应患者中位DoR为35月(95% CI: 17,38)。
16 如何供应/贮存和处置
LUTATHERA注射液含370 MBq/mL(10 mCi/ml)的lutetium Lu 177 dotatate是一种无菌,无防腐剂和透明,无色至略微黄色溶液为静脉使用提供在一个无色类型I玻璃30 mL单-剂量小瓶含7.4 GBq (200 mCi) ± 10%的lutetium Lu 177 dotatate在注射液时(NDC# 69488-003-01)。溶液容积在小瓶中被调整从20.5 mL至25 mL以提供总共7.4 GBq (200 mCi)的放射性。
产品小瓶是在一个铅屏蔽容器放在一个塑料密封容器(NDC# 69488-003-01)。产品运输在一个类型A包装内(NDC# 69488-003-70)。
贮存低于25 °C (77 °F).
保存期为72 小时。适当地遗弃在72小时。
17 患者咨询资料
辐射风险
忠告患者缩小辐射暴露对家务人员接触与机构优良辐射安全实践规程和患者处置方法步骤一致[见剂量和给药方法(2.1),警告和注意事项(5.1)]。
骨髓抑制
忠告患者联系他们的卫生保健提供者对骨髓抑制或感染的任何体征或症状,例如发热,发冷,眩晕,气短,或出血增加或瘀伤[见警告和注意事项(5.2)]。
继发性骨髓增生不良综合证和急性白血病 忠告患者对继发性癌症潜能,包括骨髓增生不良综合证和急性白血病[见警告和注意事项(5.3)]。
肾毒性
建议患者LUTATHERA的给药期间和后频繁地水化和小便[见警告和注意事项(5.4)]。
肝毒性
建议患者需要定期实验室测试监视肝毒性[见警告和注意事项(5.5)]。
神经内分泌危象
建议患者联系他们的卫生保健提供者对体征或症状可能发生肿瘤-激素释放后,包括严重脸红,腹泻,支气管痉挛,和低血压[见警告和注意事项(5.6)]。
胚胎-胎儿毒性
建议妊娠妇女和男性和生殖潜能女性对胎儿潜在风险。建议女性告知她们的卫生保健提供者一个已知或怀疑的妊娠[见警告和注意事项(5.7),在特殊人群中使用(8.1,8.3)]。
建议生殖潜能女性用LUTATHERA治疗期间和最后剂量后共 7月使用有效避孕[见特殊人群中使用(8.1,8.3)]。
建议有生殖潜能女性伴侣的男性患者用LUTATHERA治疗期间和最后剂量后共4个月使用有效避孕[见特殊人群中使用(8.1,8.3)]。
哺乳
建议女性用LUTATHERA治疗期间和最后剂量后共2.5月不要哺乳喂养[见在特殊人群中使用(8.2)].
不孕不育
忠告女性和男性患者LUTATHERA可能损害生育力[见警告和注意事项(5.8),在特殊人群中使用(8.3)]。
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION
These highlights do not include all the information needed to use LUTATHERA safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for
LUTATHERA.
LUTATHERA® (lutetium Lu 177 dotatate) injection, for intravenous use Initial U.S. Approval: 2018
---------------------------INDICATIONS AND USAGE---------------------------
LUTATHERA is a radiolabeled somatostatin analog indicated for the treatment of somatostatin receptor-positive gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs), including foregut, midgut, and hindgut neuroendocrine tumors in adults. (1)
-----------------------DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION----------------------
• Verify pregnancy status in females of reproductive potential prior to initiating LUTATHERA. (2.1)
• Administer 7.4 GBq (200 mCi) every 8 weeks for a total of 4 doses. (2.2)
• Administer long-acting octreotide 30 mg intramuscularly 4 to 24 hours after each LUTATHERA dose and short-acting octreotide for symptomatic management. (2.3)
• Continue long-acting octreotide 30 mg intramuscularly every 4 weeks after completing LUTATHERA until disease progression or for up to 18 months following treatment initiation. (2.3)
• Premedicate with antiemetics 30 minutes before recommended amino acid solution. (2.3)
• Initiate recommended intravenous amino acid solution 30 minutes before LUTATHERA infusion; continue during and for 3 hours after LUTATHERA infusion. Do not reduce dose of amino acid solution if LUTATHERA dose is reduced. (2.3)
• Modify LUTATHERA dose based on adverse reactions. (2.4)
• Prepare and administer as recommended. (2.5)
---------------------DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS---------------------
Injection: 370 MBq/mL (10 mCi/mL) in single-dose vial. (3)
------------------------------CONTRAINDICATIONS-----------------------------
None.
-----------------------WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS----------------------
• Risk from Radiation Exposure: Minimize radiation exposure during and after treatment with LUTATHERA consistent with institutional good radiation safety practices and patient management procedures (2.1, 5.1)
• Myelosuppression: Monitor blood cell counts. Withhold, reduce dose, or permanently discontinue based on severity. (2.4, 5.2)
• Secondary Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) and Leukemia: Median time
to development: MDS is 28 months; acute leukemia is 55 months. (5.3)
• Renal Toxicity: Advise patients to urinate frequently during and after administration of LUTATHERA. Monitor serum creatinine and calculated creatinine clearance. Withhold, reduce dose, or permanently discontinue based on severity. (2.3, 2.4, 5.4)
• Hepatotoxicity: Monitor transaminases, bilirubin and albumin. Withhold, reduce dose, or permanently discontinue based on severity. (2.4, 5.5)
• Neuroendocrine Hormonal Crisis: Monitor for flushing, diarrhea, hypotension, bronchoconstriction or other signs and symptoms. (5.6)
• Embryo-Fetal Toxicity: LUTATHERA can cause fetal harm. Advise females and males of reproductive potential of the potential risk to a fetus and to use effective contraception (5.7, 8.1, 8.3)
• Risk of Infertility: LUTATHERA may cause infertility. (8.3)
------------------------------ADVERSE REACTIONS-----------------------------
Most common Grade 3-4 adverse reactions (≥ 4% with a higher incidence in LUTATHERA arm) are lymphopenia, increased GGT, vomiting, nausea, increased AST, increased ALT, hyperglycemia and hypokalemia. (6.1)
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Advanced Accelerator Applications USA, Inc. at 1-844 -863-1930 or us-pharmacovigilance@adacap.com,or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
------------------------------DRUG INTERACTIONS-----------------------------
Somatostatin Analogs: Discontinue long-acting analogs for at least 4 weeks and short-acting octreotide at least 24 hours prior to each LUTATHERA dose. (2.3, 7.1)
-----------------------USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS----------------------
Lactation: Advise not to breastfeed. (8.2)
See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION
Revised: 01/2018
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: CONTENTS* |
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1 |
INDICATIONS AND USAGE |
|
8.3 |
Females and Males of Reproductive Potential |
2 |
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION |
|
8.4 |
Pediatric Use |
2.1 |
Important Safety Instructions |
|
8.5 |
Geriatric Use |
2.2 |
Recommended Dosage |
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8.6 |
Renal Impairment |
2.3 |
Premedication and Concomitant Medications |
|
8.7 |
Hepatic Impairment |
2.4 |
Dose Modifications for Adverse Reactions |
11 |
DESCRIPTION |
|
2.5 |
Preparation and Administration |
|
11.1 |
Physical Characteristics |
2.6 |
Radiation Dosimetry |
|
11.2 |
External Radiation |
3 |
DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS |
12 |
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY |
|
4 |
CONTRAINDICATIONS |
|
12.1 |
Mechanism of Action |
5 |
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS |
|
12.2 |
Pharmacodynamics |
5.1 |
Risk from Radiation Exposure |
|
12.3 |
Pharmacokinetics |
5.2 |
Myelosuppression |
13 |
NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY |
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5.3 |
Secondary Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Leukemia |
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13.1 |
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility |
5.4 |
Renal Toxicity |
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13.2 |
Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology |
5.5 |
Hepatotoxicity |
14 |
CLINICAL STUDIES |
|
5.6 |
Neuroendocrine Hormonal Crisis |
|
14.1 |
Progressive, Well-differentiated Advanced or Metastatic |
5.7 |
Embryo-Fetal Toxicity |
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Somatostatin Receptor-Positive Midgut Carcinoid Tumors |
5.8 |
Risk of Infertility |
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14.2 |
Somatostatin Receptor-Positive Gastroenteropancreatic |
6 |
ADVERSE REACTIONS |
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Neuroendocrine Tumors (GEP-NETs) |
6.1 |
Clinical Trials Experience |
16 |
HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING |
|
7 |
DRUG INTERACTIONS |
17 |
PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION |
7.1 Somatostatin Analogs
8 |
USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS |
*Sections or subsections omitted from the full prescribing information are not |
8.1 |
Pregnancy |
listed. |
8.2 |
Lactation |
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____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 1
Reference ID: 4212675
FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
LUTATHERA is indicated for the treatment of somatostatin receptor-positive gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs), including foregut, midgut, and hindgut neuroendocrine tumors in adults.
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
2.1 Important Safety Instructions
LUTATHERA is a radiopharmaceutical; handle with appropriate safety measures to minimize radiation exposure[see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. Use waterproof gloves and effective radiation shielding when handling LUTATHERA. Radiopharmaceuticals, including LUTATHERA, should be used by or under the control of physicians who are qualified by specific training and experience in the safe use and handling of radiopharmaceuticals, and whose experience and training have been approved by the appropriate governmental agency authorized to license the use of radiopharmaceuticals.
Verify pregnancy status of females of reproductive potential prior to initiating LUTATHERA[see Use in Specific Populations(8.1,8.3)].
2.2 Recommended Dosage
The recommended LUTATHERA dose is 7.4 GBq (200 mCi) every 8 weeks for a total of 4 doses. Administer pre- and concomitant medications and administer LUTATHERA as recommended[see Dosage and Administration(2.3,2.5)].
2.3 Premedication and Concomitant Medications
Somatostatin Analogs
• Before initiating LUTATHERA: Discontinue long-acting somatostatin analogs (e.g., long-acting octreotide) for at least 4 weeks prior to initiating LUTATHERA. Administer short-acting octreotide as needed; discontinue at least 24 hours prior to initiating LUTATHERA[see Drug Interactions(7.1)].
• During LUTATHERA treatment: Administer long-acting octreotide 30 mg intramuscularly between 4 to 24 hours after each LUTATHERA dose. Do not administer long-acting octreotide within 4 weeks of each subsequent LUTATHERA dose. Short-acting octreotide may be given for symptomatic management during LUTATHERA treatment, but must be withheld for at least 24 hours before each LUTATHERA dose.
• Following LUTATHERA treatment: Continue long-acting octreotide 30 mg intramuscularly every 4 weeks after completing LUTATHERA until disease progression or for up to 18 months following treatment initiation.
Antiemetic
Administer antiemetics 30 minutes before the recommended amino acid solution.
Amino Acid Solution
Initiate an intravenous amino acid solution containing L-lysine and L-arginine (Table 1) 30 minutes before administering LUTATHERA. Use a three-way valve to administer amino acids using the same venous access as LUTATHERA or administer amino acids through a separate venous access in the patient’s other arm. Continue the infusion during, and for at least 3 hours after LUTATHERA infusion. Do not decrease the dose of the amino acid solution if the dose of LUTATHERA is reduced[see Warnings and Precautions(5.4)].
Table 1. Amino Acid Solution
Item |
Specification |
|
|
Lysine HCl content |
Between 18 g and 24 g |
|
|
Arginine HCl content |
Between 18 g and 24 g |
|
|
Volume |
1.5 L to 2.2 L |
|
|
Osmolarity |
< 1050 mOsmol |
|
|
2.4 Dose Modifications for Adverse Reactions
Recommended dose modifications of LUTATHERA for adverse reactions are provided in Table 2.
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Table 2. Recommended Dose Modifications of LUTATHERA for Adverse Reactions
Adverse Reaction |
Severity of Adverse Reaction1 |
|
Dose Modification |
Thrombocytopenia [see Warnings and |
Grade 2, 3 or 4 |
|
Withhold dose until complete or partial resolution |
Precautions (5.2)] |
|
|
(Grade 0 to 1). |
|
|
|
Resume LUTATHERA at 3.7 GBq (100 mCi) in |
|
|
|
patients with complete or partial resolution. If |
|
|
|
reduced dose does not result in Grade 2, 3 or 4 |
|
|
|
thrombocytopenia, administer LUTATHERA at |
|
|
|
7.4 GBq (200 mCi) for next dose. |
|
|
|
Permanently discontinue LUTATHERA for Grade |
|
|
|
2 or higher thrombocytopenia requiring a treatment |
|
|
|
delay of 16 weeks or longer. |
|
Recurrent Grade 2, 3 or 4 |
|
Permanently discontinue LUTATHERA. |
|
|
|
|
Anemia and Neutropenia [see |
Grade 3 or 4 |
|
Withhold dose until complete or partial resolution |
Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] |
|
|
(Grade 0, 1, or 2). |
|
|
|
Resume LUTATHERA at 3.7 GBq (100 mCi) in |
|
|
|
patients with complete or partial resolution. If |
|
|
|
reduced dose does not result in Grade 3 or 4 |
|
|
|
anemia or neutropenia, administer LUTATHERA |
|
|
|
at 7.4 GBq (200 mCi) for next dose. |
|
|
|
Permanently discontinue LUTATHERA for Grade |
|
|
|
3 or higher anemia or neutropenia requiring a |
|
|
|
treatment delay of 16 weeks or longer. |
|
Recurrent Grade 3 or 4 |
|
Permanently discontinue LUTATHERA. |
Renal Toxicity [see Warnings and |
Defined as: |
|
Withhold dose until complete resolution. |
Precautions (5.4)] |
• Creatinine clearance less than 40 mL/min; |
|
Resume LUTATHERA at 3.7 GBq (100 mCi) in |
|
|
||
|
calculate using Cockcroft Gault with actual body |
|
|
|
weight, or |
|
patients with complete resolution. If reduced dose |
|
|
|
does not result in renal toxicity, administer |
|
• 40% increase in baseline serum creatinine, or |
|
LUTATHERA at 7.4 GBq (200 mCi) for next |
|
|
dose. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
• 40% decrease in baseline creatinine clearance; |
|
Permanently discontinue LUTATHERA for renal |
|
calculate using Cockcroft Gault with actual |
|
|
|
|
toxicity requiring a treatment delay of 16 weeks or |
|
|
body weight. |
|
|
|
|
longer. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Recurrent renal toxicity |
|
Permanently discontinue LUTATHERA. |
Hepatotoxicity [see Warnings and |
Defined as: |
|
Withhold dose until complete resolution. |
Precautions (5.5)] |
• Bilirubinemia greater than 3 times the upper |
|
Resume LUTATHERA at 3.7 GBq (100 mCi) in |
|
|
||
|
limit of normal (Grade 3 or 4), or |
|
|
|
|
|
patients with complete resolution. If reduced |
|
• Hypoalbuminemia less than 30 g/L with |
a |
LUTATHERA dose does not result in |
|
hepatotoxicity, administer LUTATHERA at 7.4 |
||
|
decreased prothrombin ratio less than 70%. |
|
|
|
|
GBq (200 mCi) for next dose. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Permanently discontinue LUTATHERA for |
|
|
|
hepatotoxicity requiring a treatment delay of 16 |
|
|
|
weeks or longer. |
|
Recurrent hepatotoxicity |
|
Permanently discontinue LUTATHERA. |
Other Non-Hematologic Toxicity |
Grade 3 or 4 |
|
Withhold dose until complete or partial resolution |
|
|
|
(Grade 0 to 2). |
|
|
|
Resume LUTATHERA at 3.7 GBq (100 mCi) in |
|
|
|
patients with complete or partial resolution. If |
|
|
|
reduced dose does not result in Grade 3 or 4 |
|
|
|
toxicity, administer LUTATHERA at 7.4 GBq |
|
|
|
(200 mCi) for next dose. |
|
|
|
Permanently discontinue LUTATHERA for Grade |
|
|
|
3 or higher toxicity requiring treatment delay of 16 |
|
|
|
weeks or longer. |
|
Recurrent Grade 3 or 4 |
|
Permanently discontinue LUTATHERA. |
1 National Cancer Institute, Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.03
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2.5 Preparation and Administration
• Use aseptic technique and radiation shielding when administering the LUTATHERA solution. Use tongs when handling vial to minimize radiation exposure.
• Do not inject LUTATHERA directly into any other intravenous solution.
• Confirm the amount of radioactivity of LUTATHERA in the radiopharmaceutical vial with an appropriate dose calibrator prior to and after LUTATHERA administration.
• Inspect the product visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration under a shielded screen. Discard vial if particulates or discoloration are present.
Administration Instructions
• Insert a 2.5 cm, 20 gauge needle (short needle) into the LUTATHERA vial and connect via a catheter to 500 mL 0.9% sterile sodium chloride solution (used to transport LUTATHERA during the infusion). Ensure that the short needle does not touch the LUTATHERA solution in the vial and do not connect this short needle directly to the patient. Do not allow sodium chloride solution to flow into the LUTATHERA vial prior to the initiation of the LUTATHERA infusion and do not inject LUTATHERA directly into the sodium chloride solution.
• Insert a second needle that is 9 cm, 18 gauge (long needle) into the LUTATHERA vial ensuring that this long needle touches and is secured to the bottom of the LUTATHERA vial during the entire infusion. Connect the long needle to the patient by an intravenous catheter that is prefilled with 0.9% sterile sodium chloride and that is used exclusively for the LUTATHERA infusion into the patient.
• Use a clamp or pump to regulate the flow of the sodium chloride solution via the short needle into the LUTATHERA vial at a rate of 50 mL/hour to 100 mL/hour for 5 to 10 minutes and then 200 mL/hour to 300 mL/hour for an additional 25 to 30 minutes (the sodium chloride solution entering the vial through the short needle will carry the LUTATHERA from the vial to the patient via the catheter connected to the long needle over a total duration of 30 to 40 minutes).
• Do not administer LUTATHERA as an intravenous bolus.
• During the infusion, ensure that the level of solution in the LUTATHERA vial remains constant
• Disconnect the vial from the long needle line and clamp the saline line once the level of radioactivity is stable for at least five minutes.
• Follow the infusion with an intravenous flush of 25 mL of 0.9% sterile sodium chloride.
• Dispose of any unused medicinal product or waste material in accordance with local and federal laws.
2.6 Radiation Dosimetry
The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the estimated radiation absorbed doses for adults receiving LUTATHERA are shown in Table 3. The maximum penetration in tissue is 2.2 mm and the mean penetration is 0.67 mm.
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Table 3. Estimated Radiation Absorbed Dose for LUTATHERA in NETTER-1
|
|
|
Absorbed dose per unit activity |
Calculated absorbed dose for 4 x 7.4 GBq |
||||
|
|
|
|
(Gy/GBq) |
(29.6 GBq cumulative activity) |
|||
|
|
|
|
(N=20) |
|
(Gy) |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Organ |
Mean |
|
SD |
Mean |
|
SD |
|
|
Adrenals |
0.037 |
|
0.016 |
1.1 |
|
0.5 |
|
|
Brain |
0.027 |
|
0.016 |
0.8 |
|
0.5 |
|
|
Breasts |
0.027 |
|
0.015 |
0.8 |
|
0.4 |
|
|
Gallbladder Wall |
0.042 |
|
0.019 |
1.2 |
|
0.6 |
|
|
Heart Wall |
0.032 |
|
0.015 |
0.9 |
|
0.4 |
|
|
Kidneys |
0.654 |
|
0.295 |
19.4 |
|
8.7 |
|
|
Liver* |
0.299 |
|
0.226 |
8.9 |
|
6.7 |
|
|
Lower Large Intestine Wall |
0.029 |
|
0.016 |
0.9 |
|
0.5 |
|
|
Lungs |
0.031 |
|
0.015 |
0.9 |
|
0.4 |
|
|
Muscle |
0.029 |
|
0.015 |
0.8 |
|
0.4 |
|
|
Osteogenic Cells |
0.151 |
|
0.268 |
4.5 |
|
7.9 |
|
|
Ovaries** |
0.031 |
|
0.013 |
0.9 |
|
0.4 |
|
|
Pancreas |
0.038 |
|
0.016 |
1.1 |
|
0.5 |
|
|
Red Marrow |
0.035 |
|
0.029 |
1.0 |
|
0.8 |
|
|
Skin |
0.027 |
|
0.015 |
0.8 |
|
0.4 |
|
|
Small Intestine |
0.031 |
|
0.015 |
0.9 |
|
0.5 |
|
|
Spleen |
0.846 |
|
0.804 |
25.1 |
|
23.8 |
|
|
Stomach Wall |
0.032 |
|
0.015 |
0.9 |
|
0.5 |
|
|
Testes*** |
0.026 |
|
0.018 |
0.8 |
|
0.5 |
|
|
Thymus |
0.028 |
|
0.015 |
0.8 |
|
0.5 |
|
|
Thyroid |
0.027 |
|
0.016 |
0.8 |
|
0.5 |
|
|
Total Body |
0.052 |
|
0.027 |
1.6 |
|
0.8 |
|
|
Upper Large Intestine Wall |
0.032 |
|
0.015 |
0.9 |
|
0.4 |
|
|
Urinary Bladder Wall |
0.437 |
|
0.176 |
12.8 |
|
5.3 |
|
|
Uterus |
0.032 |
|
0.013 |
1.0 |
|
0.4 |
|
|
*N=18 (two patients excluded because the liver absorbed dose was biased by the uptake of the liver metastases) |
|
|
||||
|
|
**N=9 (female patients only) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
***N=11 (male patients only) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS |
|
|
|
|
|
Injection: 370 MBq/mL (10 mCi/mL) of lutetium Lu 177 dotatate as a clear and colorless to slightly yellow solution in a single-dose vial.
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS
None.
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
5.1 Risk from Radiation Exposure
LUTATHERA contributes to a patient’s overall long-term radiation exposure. Long-term cumulative radiation exposure is associated with an increased risk for cancer.
Radiation can be detected in the urine for up to 30 days following LUTATHERA administration. Minimize radiation exposure to patients, medical personnel, and household contacts during and after treatment with LUTATHERA consistent with institutional good radiation safety practices and patient management procedures[see Dosage and Administration(2.1)].
5.2 Myelosuppression
In NETTER-1, myelosuppression occurred more frequently in patients receiving LUTATHERA with long-acting octreotide compared to patients receiving high-dose long-acting octreotide (all grades/grade 3 or 4): anemia (81%/0) versus (54%/1%); thrombocytopenia (53%/1%) versus (17%/0); and neutropenia (26%/3%) versus (11%/0). In NETTER-1, platelet nadir occurred at a median of 5.1 weeks following the first dose. Of the 59 patients who developed thrombocytopenia, 68% had platelet recovery to baseline or normal levels. The median time to platelet recovery was 2 months. Fifteen of the nineteen patients in whom platelet recovery was not documented had post-nadir platelet counts. Among these 15 patients, 5 improved to Grade 1, 9 to Grade 2, and 1 to Grade 3.
Monitor blood cell counts. Withhold, reduce dose, or permanently discontinue based on severity of adverse reaction[see Dosage and Administration (2.4)].
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5.3 Secondary Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Leukemia
In NETTER-1, with a median follow-up time of 24 months, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) was reported in 2.7% of patients receiving LUTATHERA with long-acting octreotide compared to no patients receiving high-dose long-acting octreotide. In ERASMUS, 15 patients (1.8%) developed MDS and 4 (0.5%) developed acute leukemia. The median time to the development of MDS was 28 months (9 to 41 months) for MDS and 55 months (32 to 155 months) for acute leukemia.
5.4 Renal Toxicity
In ERASMUS, 8 patients (<1%) developed renal failure 3 to 36 months following LUTATHERA. Two of these patients had underlying renal impairment or risk factors for renal failure (e.g., diabetes or hypertension) and required dialysis.
Administer the recommended amino acid solution before, during and after LUTATHERA[see Dosage and Administration(2.3)]to decrease reabsorption of lutetium Lu 177 dotatate through the proximal tubules and decrease the radiation dose to the kidneys. Do not decrease the dose of the amino acid solution if the dose of LUTATHERA is reduced. Advise patients to urinate frequently during and after administration of LUTATHERA. Monitor serum creatinine and calculated creatinine clearance. Withhold, reduce dose, or permanently discontinue LUTATHERA based on severity of reaction [see Dosage and Administration(2.4)].
Patients with baseline renal impairment may be at greater risk of toxicity; perform more frequent assessments of renal function in patients with mild or moderate impairment. LUTATHERA has not been studied in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min).
5.5 Hepatotoxicity
In ERASMUS, 2 patients (<1%) were reported to have hepatic tumor hemorrhage, edema, or necrosis, with one patient experiencing intrahepatic congestion and cholestasis. Patients with hepatic metastasis may be at increased risk of hepatotoxicity due to radiation exposure.
Monitor transaminases, bilirubin and serum albumin during treatment. Withhold, reduce dose, or permanently discontinue LUTATHERA based on severity of reaction[see Dosage and Administration(2.2)].
5.6 Neuroendocrine Hormonal Crisis
Neuroendocrine hormonal crises, manifesting with flushing, diarrhea, bronchospasm and hypotension, occurred in 1% of patients in ERASMUS and typically occurred during or within 24 hours following the initial LUTATHERA dose. Two (<1%) patients were reported to have hypercalcemia.
Monitor patients for flushing, diarrhea, hypotension, bronchoconstriction or other signs and symptoms of tumor-related hormonal release. Administer intravenous somatostatin analogs, fluids, corticosteroids, and electrolytes as indicated.
5.7 Embryo-Fetal Toxicity
Based on its mechanism of action, LUTATHERA can cause fetal harm[see Clinical Pharmacology(12.1)]. There are no available data on the use of LUTATHERA in pregnant women. No animal studies using lutetium Lu 177 dotatate have been conducted to evaluate its effect on female reproduction and embryo-fetal development; however, all radiopharmaceuticals, including LUTATHERA, have the potential to cause fetal harm.
Verify pregnancy status of females of reproductive potential prior to initiating LUTATHERA[see Dosage and Administration(2.1)].
Advise females and males of reproductive potential of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with LUTATHERA and for 7 months after the final dose. Advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment and for 4 months after the final dose[see Use in Specific Populations(8.1,8.3)].
5.8 Risk of Infertility
LUTATHERA may cause infertility in males and females. The recommended cumulative dose of 29.6 GBq of LUTATHERA results in a radiation absorbed dose to the testis and ovaries within the range where temporary or permanent infertility can be expected following external beam radiotherapy[see Dosage and Administration(2.6)and Use in Specific Populations(8.3)].
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS
The following serious adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling.
• Myelosuppression[see Warnings and Precautions(5.2)]
• Secondary Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Leukemia[see Warnings and Precautions(5.3)]
• Renal Toxicity[see Warnings and Precautions(5.4)]
• Hepatotoxicity[see Warnings and Precautions(5.5)]
• Neuroendocrine Hormonal Crisis[see Warnings and Precautions(5.6)]
6.0 Clinical Trials Experience
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
The data in Warnings and Precautions reflect exposure to LUTATHERA in 111 patients with advanced, progressive midgut neuroendocrine tumors (NETTER-1). Safety data in Warnings and Precautions were also obtained in an additional 22 patients in a non-randomized pharmacokinetic substudy of NETTER-1 and in a subset of patients (811 of 1214) with advanced somatostatin receptor-positive tumors enrolled in ERASMUS[see Warnings and Precautions(5)].
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Reference ID: 4212675
NETTER-1
The safety data described below are from NETTER -1, which randomized (1:1) patients with progressive, somatostatin receptor-positive midgut carcinoid tumors to receive LUTATHERA 7.4 GBq (200 mCi) administered every 8 to 16 weeks concurrently with the recommended amino acid solution and with long-acting octreotide (30 mg administered by intramuscular injection within 24 hours of each LUTATHERA dose) (n = 111), or high-dose octreotide (defined as long-acting octreotide 60 mg by intramuscular injection every 4 weeks) (n = 112)[see Clinical Studies(14.1)]. Among patients receiving LUTATHERA with octreotide, 79% received a cumulative dose > 22.2 GBq (> 600 mCi) and 76% of patients received all four planned doses. Six percent (6%) of patients required a dose reduction and 13% of patients discontinued LUTATHERA. Five patients discontinued LUTATHERA for renal-related events and 4 discontinued for hematological toxicities. The median duration of follow-up was 24 months for patients receiving LUTATHERA with octreotide and 20 months for patients receiving high-dose octreotide.
Table 4 and Table 5 summarize the incidence of adverse reactions and laboratory abnormalities, respectively. The most common Grade 3-4 adverse reactions occurring with a greater frequency among patients receiving LUTATHERA with octreotide compared to patients receiving high-dose octreotide include: lymphopenia (44%), increased GGT (20%), vomiting (7%), nausea and elevated AST (5% each), and increased ALT, hyperglycemia and hypokalemia (4% each).
Table 4. Adverse Reactions Occurring in ≥ 5% (All Grades) of Patients Receiving LUTATHERA with Octreotide in NETTER-11
|
LUTATHERA and Long-Acting |
Long-Acting Octreotide (60 mg) |
||
Adverse Reaction1 |
Octreotide (30 mg) (N = 111) |
(N = 112) |
||
All Grades % |
Grades 3-4 % |
All Grades % |
Grades 3-4 % |
|
Cardiac disorders |
|
|
|
|
Atrial fibrillation |
5 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
Gastrointestinal disorders |
|
|
|
|
Nausea |
65 |
5 |
12 |
2 |
Vomiting |
53 |
7 |
9 |
0 |
Abdominal pain |
26 |
3 |
19 |
3 |
Diarrhea |
26 |
3 |
18 |
1 |
Constipation |
10 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
General disorders |
|
|
|
|
Fatigue |
38 |
1 |
26 |
2 |
Peripheral edema |
16 |
0 |
9 |
1 |
Pyrexia |
8 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
Metabolism and nutrition disorders |
|
|
|
|
Decreased appetite |
21 |
0 |
11 |
3 |
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders |
|
|
|
|
Back pain |
13 |
2 |
10 |
0 |
Pain in extremity |
11 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
Myalgia |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Neck Pain |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Nervous system disorders |
|
|
|
|
Headache |
17 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
Dizziness |
17 |
0 |
8 |
0 |
Dysgeusia |
8 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
Psychiatric disorders |
|
|
|
|
Anxiety |
12 |
1 |
5 |
0 |
Renal and urinary disorders |
|
|
|
|
Renal failure* |
12 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
Radiation-related urinary tract toxicity** |
8 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders |
|
|
|
|
Cough |
11 |
1 |
6 |
0 |
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders |
|
|
|
|
Alopecia |
12 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
Vascular disorders |
|
|
|
|
Flushing |
14 |
1 |
9 |
0 |
Hypertension |
12 |
2 |
7 |
2 |
1National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Version 4.03. Only displays adverse reactions occurring at a higher incidence in LUTATHERA-treated patients [between arm difference of ≥5% (all grades) or ≥2% (grades 3-4)]
*Includes the terms: Glomerular filtration rate decreased, acute kidney injury, acute prerenal failure, azotemia, renal disorder, renal failure, renal impairment
**Includes the terms: Dysuria, micturition urgency, nocturia, pollakiuria, renal colic, renal pain, urinary tract pain and urinary incontinence
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Reference ID: 4212675
Table 5. Laboratory Abnormalities Occurring in ≥ 5% (All Grades) of Patients Receiving LUTATHERA with Octreotide in NETTER-1*1
|
LUTATHERA and Long-Acting |
Long-Acting Octreotide (60 mg) |
|||
Laboratory Abnormality1 |
Octreotide (30 mg) (N = 111) |
|
(N = 112) |
||
|
All grades % |
Grade 3-4 % |
All grades % |
|
Grade 3-4 % |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hematology |
|
|
|
|
|
Lymphopenia |
90 |
44 |
39 |
|
4 |
Anemia |
81 |
0 |
54 |
|
1 |
Leukopenia |
55 |
2 |
20 |
|
0 |
Thrombocytopenia |
53 |
1 |
17 |
|
0 |
Neutropenia |
26 |
3 |
11 |
|
0 |
Renal/Metabolic |
|
|
|
|
|
Creatinine increased |
85 |
1 |
73 |
|
0 |
Hyperglycemia |
82 |
4 |
67 |
|
2 |
Hyperuricemia |
34 |
6 |
29 |
|
6 |
Hypocalcemia |
32 |
0 |
14 |
|
0 |
Hypokalemia |
26 |
4 |
21 |
|
2 |
Hyperkalemia |
19 |
0 |
11 |
|
0 |
Hypernatremia |
17 |
0 |
7 |
|
0 |
Hypoglycemia |
15 |
0 |
8 |
|
0 |
Hepatic |
|
|
|
|
|
GGT increased |
66 |
20 |
67 |
|
16 |
Alkaline phosphatase increased |
65 |
5 |
54 |
|
9 |
AST increased |
50 |
5 |
35 |
|
0 |
ALT increased |
43 |
4 |
34 |
|
0 |
Blood bilirubin increased |
30 |
2 |
28 |
|
0 |
*Values are worst grade observed after randomization
1National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Version 4.03. Only displays laboratory abnormalities occurring at a higher incidence in LUTATHERA-treated patients [between arm difference of ≥5% (all grades) or ≥2%(grades 3-4)]
ERASMUS
Safety data are available from 1214 patients in ERASMUS, an international, single-institution, single-arm, open-label trial of patients with somatostatin receptor-positive tumors (neuroendocrine and other primaries). Patients received LUTATHERA 7.4 GBq (200 mCi) administered every 6 to 13 weeks with or without octreotide. Retrospective medical record review was conducted on a subset of 811 patients to document serious adverse reactions. Eighty-one (81%) percent of patients in the subset received a cumulative dose ≥ 22.2 GBq (≥ 600 mCi). With a median follow-up time of more than 4 years, the following rates of serious adverse reactions were reported: myelodysplastic syndrome (2%), acute leukemia (1%), renal failure (2%), hypotension (1%), cardiac failure (2%), myocardial infarction (1%), and neuroendocrine hormonal crisis (1%).
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS
7.1 Somatostatin Analogs
Somatostatin and its analogs competitively bind to somatostatin receptors and may interfere with the efficacy of LUTATHERA. Discontinue long-acting somatostatin analogs at least 4 weeks and short-acting octreotide at least 24 hours prior to each LUTATHERA dose. Administer short- and long-acting octreotide during LUTATHERA treatment as recommended[see Dosage and Administration(2.3)].
8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
8.1 Pregnancy
Risk Summary
Based on its mechanism of action, LUTATHERA can cause fetal harm[see Clinical Pharmacology(12.1)]. There are no available data on LUTATHERA use in pregnant women. No animal studies using lutetium Lu 177 dotatate have been conducted to evaluate its effect on female reproduction and embryo-fetal development; however, all radiopharmaceuticals, including LUTATHERA, have the potential to cause fetal harm. Advise pregnant women of the risk to a fetus.
In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.
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8.2 Lactation
Risk Summary
There are no data on the presence of lutetium Lu 177 dotatate in human milk, or its effects on the breastfed infant or milk production. No lactation studies in animals were conducted. Because of the potential risk for serious adverse reactions in breastfed infants, advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with LUTATHERA and for 2.5 months after the final dose.
8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential
Pregnancy Testing
Verify pregnancy status of females of reproductive potential prior to initiating LUTATHERA[see Use in Specific Populations(8.1)].
Contraception
Females
LUTATHERA can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman[see Use in Specific Populations(8.1)]. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment and for 7 months following the final dose of LUTATHERA.
Males
Based on its mechanism of action, advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during and for 4 months following the final dose of LUTATHERA[see Clinical Pharmacology(12.1)and Nonclinical Toxicology(13.1)].
Infertility
The recommended cumulative dose of 29.6 GBq of LUTATHERA results in a radiation absorbed dose to the testis and ovaries within the range where temporary or permanent infertility can be expected following external beam radiotherapy[see Dosage and Administration(2.6)].
8.4 Pediatric Use
The safety and effectiveness of LUTATHERA have not been established in pediatric patients.
8.5 Geriatric Use
Of the 1325 patients treated with LUTATHERA in clinical trials, 438 patients (33%) were 65 years and older. The response rate and number of patients with a serious adverse event were similar to that of younger subjects.
8.6 Renal Impairment
No dose adjustment is recommended for patients with mild to moderate renal impairment; however, patients with mild or moderate renal impairment may be at greater risk of toxicity. Perform more frequent assessments of renal function in patients with mild to moderate impairment. The safety of LUTATHERA in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min by Cockcroft-Gault) or end-stage renal disease has not been studied.
8.7 Hepatic Impairment
No dose adjustment is recommended for patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment. The safety of LUTATHERA in patients with severe hepatic impairment (total bilirubin > 3 times upper limit of normal and any AST) has not been studied.
11 DESCRIPTION
LUTATHERA (lutetium Lu 177 dotatate) is a radiolabeled somatostatin analog. The drug substance lutetium Lu 177 dotatate is a cyclic peptide linked with the covalently bound chelator 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid to a radionuclide.
Lutetium Lu 177 dotatate is described as lutetium (Lu 177)-N-[(4,7,10-Tricarboxymethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1 -yl) acetyl]-D phenylalanyl-L-cysteinyl-L-tyrosyl-D-tryptophanyl-L-lysyl-L-threoninyl-L-cysteinyl-L-threonine-cyclic (2-7) disulfide. The molecular weight is 1609.6 Daltons and the structural formula is as follows:
LUTATHERA (lutetium Lu 177 dotatate) 370 MBq/mL (10 mCi/mL) Injection is a sterile, clear, colorless to slightly yellow solution for intravenous use. Each single-dose vial contains acetic acid (0.48 mg/mL), sodium acetate (0.66 mg/mL), gentisic acid (0.63 mg/mL), sodium hydroxide (0.65
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mg/mL), ascorbic acid (2.8 mg/mL), diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (0.05 mg/mL), sodium chloride (6.85 mg/mL), and Water for Injection (ad 1 mL). The pH range of the solution is 4.5 to 6.
11.1 Physical Characteristics
Lutetium (Lu 177) decays to stable hafnium (Hf 177) with a half-life of 6.647 days, by emitting beta radiation with a maximum energy of 0.498
MeV and photonic radiation (γ) of 0.208 MeV (11%) and 0.113 MeV (6.4%). The main radiations are detailed in Table 6.
Table 6. Lu 177 Main Radiations
Radiation |
Energy (keV) |
Iβ% |
Iγ% |
β |
176.5 |
12.2 |
|
β |
248.1 |
0.05 |
|
β |
384.9 |
9.1 |
|
β |
497.8 |
78.6 |
|
γ |
71.6 |
|
0.15 |
γ |
112.9 |
|
6.40 |
γ |
136.7 |
|
0.05 |
γ |
208.4 |
|
11.0 |
γ |
249.7 |
|
0.21 |
γ |
321.3 |
|
0.22 |
11.2 External Radiation
Table 7 summarizes the radioactive decay properties of Lu 177.
Table 7. Physical Decay Chart: Lutetium Lu 177 Half-life = 6.647 days
Hours |
Fraction Remaining |
|
Hours |
Fraction Remaining |
|
0 |
1.000 |
48 |
|
(2 days) |
0.812 |
1 |
0.996 |
72 |
|
(3 days) |
0.731 |
2 |
0.991 |
168 |
(7 days) |
0.482 |
|
5 |
0.979 |
336 |
|
(14 days) |
0.232 |
10 |
0.958 |
720 |
|
(30 days) |
0.044 |
24 (1 day) |
0.901 |
1080 |
(45 days) |
0.009 |
12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
12.1 Mechanism of Action
Lutetium Lu 177 dotatate binds to somatostatin receptors with highest affinity for subtype 2 receptors (SSRT2). Upon binding to somatostatin receptor expressing cells, including malignant somatostatin receptor-positive tumors, the compound is internalized. The beta emission from Lu 177 induces cellular damage by formation of free radicals in somatostatin receptor-positive cells and in neighboring cells.
12.2 Pharmacodynamics
Lutetium Lu 177 exposure-response relationships and the time course of pharmacodynamics response are unknown.
Cardiac Electrophysiology
The ability of LUTATHERA to prolong the QTc interval at the therapeutic dose was assessed in an open label study in 20 patients with somatostatin receptor-positive midgut carcinoid tumors. No large changes in the mean QTc interval (i.e., >20 ms) were detected.
12.3 Pharmacokinetics
The pharmacokinetics (PK) of lutetium Lu 177 dotatate have been characterized in patients with progressive, somatostatin receptor-positive neuroendocrine tumors. The mean blood exposure (AUC) of lutetium Lu 177 dotatate at the recommended dose is 41 ng.h/mL [coefficient of variation (CV) 36 %]. The mean maximum blood concentration (Cmax) for lutetium Lu 177 dotatate is 10 ng/mL (CV 50%), which generally occurred at the end of the LUTATHERA infusion.
Distribution
The mean volume of distribution for lutetium Lu 177 dotatate is 460 L (CV 54%).
Within 4 hours after administration, lutetium Lu 177 dotatate distributes in kidneys, tumor lesions, liver, spleen, and, in some patients, pituitary gland and thyroid. The co-administration of amino acids reduced the median radiation dose to the kidneys by 47% (34% to 59%) and increased the mean beta-phase blood clearance of lutetium Lu 177 dotatate by 36%.
The non-radioactive form of lutetium dotatate is 43% bound to human plasma proteins.
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Elimination
The mean clearance (CL) is 4.5 L/h (CV 31%) for lutetium Lu 177 dotatate. The mean (± standard deviation) effective blood elimination half-life is 3.5 (±1.4) hours and the mean terminal blood half-life is 71 (± 28) hours.
Metabolism
Lutetium Lu 177 dotatate does not undergo hepatic metabolism.
Excretion
Lutetium Lu 177 dotatate is primarily eliminated renally with cumulative excretion of 44% within 5 hours, 58% within 24 hours, and 65% within 48 hours following LUTATHERA administration. Prolonged elimination of lutetium Lu 177 dotatate in the urine is expected; however, based on the half-life of lutetium 177 and terminal half-life of lutetium Lu 177 dotatate, greater than 99% will be eliminated within 14 days after administration of LUTATHERA[see Warnings and Precautions(5.1)].
Drug Interaction Studies
The non-radioactive form of lutetium is not an inhibitor or inducer of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2, 2B6, 2C9, 2C19 or 2D6 in vitro. It is not an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein, BCRP, OAT1, OAT3, OCT2, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, or OCT1 in vitro.
13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
Carcinogenicity and mutagenicity studies have not been conducted with Lutetium Lu 177 dotatate; however, radiation is a carcinogen and mutagen.
No animal studies were conducted to determine the effects of lutetium Lu 177 dotatate on fertility.
13.2 Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology
The primary target organ in animal studies using a non-radioactive form of lutetium Lu 177 dotatate (lutetium Lu 175 dotatate) was the pancreas, a high SSTR2 expressing organ. Pancreatic acinar apoptosis occurred at lutetium Lu 175 dotatate doses ≥ 5 mg/kg in repeat dose toxicology studies in rats. Pancreatic acinar cell atrophy also occurred in repeat dose toxicology studies in dogs at doses ≥ 500 mg/kg. These findings were consistent with high uptake of the radiolabeled peptide in the pancreas in animal biodistribution studies.
14 CLINICAL STUDIES
14.1 Progressive, Well-differentiated Advanced or Metastatic Somatostatin Receptor-Positive Midgut Carcinoid Tumors
The efficacy of LUTATHERA in patients with progressive, well -differentiated, locally advanced/inoperable or metastatic somatostatin receptor-positive midgut carcinoid tumors was established in NETTER-1 (NCT01578239), a randomized, multicenter, open-label, active-controlled trial. Key eligibility criteria included Ki67 index ≤ 20%, Karnofsky performance status ≥ 60, confirmed presence of somatostatin receptors on all lesions (OctreoScan uptake ≥ normal liver), creatinine clearance ≥ 50 mL/min, no prior treatment with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), and no prior external radiation therapy to more than 25% of the bone marrow.
Two hundred twenty-nine (229) patients were randomized (1:1) to receive either LUTATHERA 7.4 GBq (200 mCi) every 8 weeks for up to 4 administrations (maximum cumulative dose of 29.6 GBq) or high-dose long-acting octreotide (defined as 60 mg by intramuscular injection every 4 weeks). Patients in the LUTATHERA arm also received long-acting octreotide 30 mg as an intramuscular injection 4 to 24 hours after each LUTATHERA dose and every 4 weeks after completion of LUTATHERA treatment until disease progression or until week 76 of the study. Patients in both arms could receive short-acting octreotide for symptom management; however, short-acting octreotide was withheld for at least 24 hours before each LUTATHERA dose. Randomization was stratified by OctreoScan tumor uptake score (Grade 2, 3 or 4) and the length of time that patients had been on the most recent constant dose of octreotide prior to randomization (≤ 6 or > 6 months). The major efficacy outcome measure was progression free survival (PFS) as determined by a blinded independent radiology committee (IRC) per RECIST v1.1. Additional efficacy outcome measures were overall response rate (ORR) by IRC, duration of response, and overall survival (OS).
Demographic and baseline disease characteristics were balanced between the treatment arms. Of the 208 patients, whose race/ethnicity was reported, 90% were White, 5% were Black, and 4% were Hispanic or Latino. The median age was 64 years (28 to 87 years); 51% were male, 74% had an illial primary, and 96% had metastatic disease in the liver. The median Karnofsky performance score was 90 (60 to 100), 74% received a constant dose of octreotide for > 6 months and 12% received prior treatment with everolimus. Sixty-nine percent of patients had Ki67 expression in ≤ 2% of tumor cells, 77% had CgA > 2 times the upper limit of normal (ULN), 65% had 5-HIAA > 2 x ULN, and 65% had alkaline phosphatase ≤ ULN. Efficacy results for NETTER-1 are presented in Table 8 and Figure 1.
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Table 8. Efficacy Results in NETTER-1
|
LUTATHERA and Long-Acting |
|
Long-Acting Octreotide (60 mg) |
||
|
Octreotide (30 mg) N=116 |
|
N=113 |
||
PFS by IRC |
|
|
|
|
|
Events (%) |
27 |
(23%) |
|
78 |
(69%) |
Progressive disease, n (%) |
15 |
(13%) |
|
61 |
(54%) |
Death, n (%) |
12 |
(10%) |
|
17 |
(15%) |
Median in months (95% CI) |
NRc (NE, NE) |
|
8.5 (5.8, 9.1) |
||
Hazard ratioa (95% CI) |
|
0.21 (0.13, 0.32) |
|
||
P-Valueb |
|
< 0.0001 |
|
||
OS (Updated) |
|
|
|
|
|
Deaths (%) |
27 |
(23%) |
|
43 |
(38%) |
Median in months (95% CI) |
NR (31.0, NE) |
|
27.4 (22.2, NE) |
||
Hazard ratioa,d (95% CI) |
|
0.52 (0.32, 0.84) |
|
||
ORR by IRC |
|
|
|
|
|
ORR, % (95% CI) |
13% (7%,19%) |
|
4% (0.1%, 7%) |
||
Complete response rate, n (%) |
1 |
(1%) |
|
|
0 |
Partial response rate, n (%) |
14 |
(12%) |
|
4 |
(4%) |
P-Valuee |
|
0.0148 |
|
|
|
Duration of response, median in months (95% CI) |
NR (2.8, NE) |
|
1.9 (1.9, NE) |
a: Hazard ratio based on the unstratified Cox model
b: Unstratified log rank test
c: Median follow-up 10.5 months at time of primary analysis of PFS (range: 0 to 29 months)
d: Interim analysis of OS not statistically significant based on pre-specified significance criteria
e: Fisher’s Exact test
NR: Not reached; NE: Not evaluable
Figure 1. Kaplan-Meier Curves for Progression-Free Survival in NETTER-1
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14.2 Somatostatin Receptor-Positive Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (GEP-NETs)
The efficacy of LUTATHERA in patients with foregut, midgut, and hindgut gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) was assessed in 360 patients in the ERASMUS study. In ERASMUS, LUTATHERA was initially provided as expanded access under a general peptide receptor radionuclide therapy protocol at a single site in the Netherlands. A subsequent LUTATHERA-specific protocol written eight years after study initiation did not describe a specific sample size or hypothesis testing plan but allowed for retrospective data collection. A total of 1214 patients received LUTATHERA in ERASMUS, of which 601 (50%) were assessed per RECIST criteria. Of the 601 patients evaluated by investigators using RECIST criteria, 360 (60%) had gastroentero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). LUTATHERA 7.4 GBq (200 mCi) was administered every 6 to 13 weeks for up to 4 doses concurrently with the recommended amino acid solution. The major efficacy outcome was investigator-assessed ORR. The median age in the efficacy subset was 61 years (25 to 88 years), 52% were male, 61% had a baseline Karnofsky performance status ≥ 90 (60 to 100), 60% had progressed within 12 months of treatment, and 15% had received prior chemotherapy. Fifty five percent (55%) of patients received a concomitant somatostatin analog. The median dose of LUTATHERA was 29.6 GBq (800 mCi). Baseline tumor assessments were obtained in 39% of patients. The investigator assessed ORR was 16% (95% CI 13, 20) in the 360 patients with GEP-NETs. Three complete responses were observed (< 1%). Median DoR in the 58 responding patients was 35 months (95% CI: 17, 38).
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING
LUTATHERA Injection containing 370 MBq/mL (10 mCi/ml) of lutetium Lu 177 dotatate is a sterile, preservative-free and clear, colorless to slightly yellow solution for intravenous use supplied in a colorless Type I glass 30 mL single-dose vial containing 7.4 GBq (200 mCi) ± 10% of lutetium Lu 177 dotatate at the time of injection (NDC# 69488-003-01). The solution volume in the vial is adjusted from 20.5 mL to 25 mL to provide a total of 7.4 GBq (200 mCi) of radioactivity.
The product vial is in a lead shielded container placed in a plastic sealed container (NDC# 69488-003-01). The product is shipped in a Type A package (NDC# 69488-003-70).
Store below 25 °C (77 °F).
The shelf life is 72 hours. Discard appropriately at 72 hours.
17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION
Radiation Risks
Advise patients to minimize radiation exposure to household contacts consistent with institutional good radiation safety practices and patient management procedures[see Dosage and Administration(2.1),Warnings and Precautions(5.1)].
Myelosuppression
Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider for any signs or symptoms of myelosuppression or infection, such as fever, chills, dizziness, shortness of breath, or increased bleeding or bruising[see Warnings and Precautions(5.2)].
Secondary Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Leukemia
Advise patients of the potential for secondary cancers, including myelodysplastic syndrome and acute leukemia[see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
Renal Toxicity
Advise patients to hydrate and urinate frequently during and after administration of LUTATHERA[see Warnings and Precautions(5.4)].
Hepatotoxicity
Advise patients of the need for periodic laboratory tests to monitor for hepatotoxicity[see Warnings and Precautions(5.5)].
Neuroendocrine Hormonal Crises
Advise patients to contact their health care provider for signs or symptoms that may occur following tumor-hormone release, including severe flushing, diarrhea, bronchospasm, and hypotension[see Warnings and Precautions(5.6)].
Embryo-Fetal Toxicity
Advise pregnant women and males and females of reproductive potential of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females to inform their healthcare provider of a known or suspected pregnancy[see Warnings and Precautions(5.7),Use in Specific Populations(8.1,8.3)].
Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with LUTATHERA and for 7 months after the final dose
[see Use in Specific Populations(8.1,8.3)].
Advise male patients with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with LUTATHERA and for 4 months after the final dose[see Use in Specific Populations(8.1,8.3)].
Lactation
Advise females not to breastfeed during treatment with LUTATHERA and for 2.5 months after the final dose[see Use in Specific Populations (8.2)].
Infertility
Advise female and male patients that LUTATHERA may impair fertility[see Warnings and Precautions(5.8),Use in Specific Populations(8.3)].
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Manufactured by:
Advanced Accelerator Applications, S.r.l.
Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO), Italy
Or
Advanced Accelerator Applications, S.r.l.
Via Piero Maroncelli 40/1, 47014 Meldola (FC), Italy
Distributed by:
Advanced Accelerator Applications USA, Inc., NJ 07041
© Advanced Accelerator Applications USA, Inc. 2018
LUTATHERA® is a registered trademark of Advanced Accelerator Applications S.A.
U.S. Patents 5830431; 5804157
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