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【药品名称】

  通用名称：来氟米特片

  商品名称：来氟米特片(爱若华)

  英文名称：Leflunomide Tablets

【主要成份】 主要成份为来氟米特。

【成 份】

  化学名：N-(4-三氟甲基苯基)-5-甲基异噁唑-4-羧酰胺

  分子式：C12H9F3N202

   分子量：270.2

【性 状】 本品为白色薄膜衣片，除去薄膜衣呈白色。

【适应症/功能主治】 1.适用于成人类风湿关节炎，有改善病情作用。 2.狼疮性肾炎

【规格型号】10mg*10s*1板(爱若华)

【用法用量】 1.成人类风湿性关节炎：口服。由于来氟米特半衰期较长，建议间隔24小时给药。为了快速达到稳态血药浓度，参照国外临床试验资料并结合Ⅰ期临床试验结果，建议开始治疗的最初三天给予负荷剂量一日50mg，之后根据病情给予维持剂量一日10mg或20mg。在使用本药治疗期间可继续使用非甾体抗炎药或低剂量皮质类固醇激素。 2.狼疮性肾炎：口服。根据病情选择适当剂量，推荐剂量一日一次，一次20-40mg，病情缓解后适当减量。可与糖皮质激素联用，或遵医嘱。

【不良反应】用于类风湿关节炎的治疗：主要有腹泻、瘙痒、可逆性肝脏酶(ALT和AST)升高、脱发、皮疹等。在国外临床试验中，来氟米特治疗1339例类风湿关节炎病人中，发生率≥3％的不良事件包括：乏力、腹痛、背痛、高血压、厌食、腹泻、消化不良、胃肠炎、肝脏酶升高、恶心、口腔溃疡、呕吐、体重减轻、关节功能障碍、腱鞘炎、头晕、头痛、支气管炎、咳嗽、呼吸道感染、咽炎、脱发、瘙痒、皮疹、泌尿系统感染等。以上不良事件均在安慰剂对照或阳性对照柳氮磺胺吡啶治疗组及MTX治疗组中发现，其中来氟米特治疗组以腹泻、肝脏酶升高、脱发、皮疹较为明显，在应用过程中应加以注意。 2.用于狼疮性肾炎的治疗：国内临床试验资料显示，来氟米特治疗108例活动增殖型狼疮肾炎病人中，前6个月（20-40mg/日），共有43人发生与试验药物可能有关/有关的不良反应，发生率为39.81%；治疗期间，发生率≥3%的不良事件包括：脱发、血压升高、带状疱疹、转氨酶升高、腹泻/稀便、白细胞下降、皮疹、月经不调、心悸、腹痛；发生率＜3%的不良事件包括：恶心/呕吐、上呼吸道感染、血小板下降、乏力、胃烧灼感、厌食、发热、牙周疼痛、视觉异常。详见说明书。

【禁 忌】对本品及其代谢产物过敏者及严重肝脏损害患者禁用。

【注意事项】 1.严重免疫缺陷病人，骨髓发育不良者，乙型或丙型肝炎患者，严重或无法控制感染患者和活疫苗免疫时不宜使用本品。 2.准备生育的男性应考虑停止治疗，同时服用消胆胺或活性炭。 3.如来氟米特使用过程中，出现罕见不良反应，如骨髓抑制，斯-约二氏综合症，毒性表皮坏死，停止服用来氟米特，同时服用消胆胺或活性炭，降低血浆中M1水平。 4.来氟米特使用过程中，可出现一过性丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)升高，故服用初期，应每月检测一次ALT。如ALT升高在正常值2倍以内([80U/L)，继续观察：如ALT升高在正常值2倍～3倍(80～120U/L)，减半量服用，继续观察。若ALT继续升高或仍然维持在80～120U/L，应中断治疗；如ALT大于正常值3倍以上(]120U/L)，应停药，且进行消胆胺或活性炭治疗。停药后，ALT恢复正常，可继续用药，同时加强护肝治疗及随访，多数病人不会出现ALT再次升高。 5．服用期间出现白细胞下降，如白细胞＞3×109/L，继续服用观察；如白细胞在2×109/L～3×109/L之间，减半观察，继续用药期间，多数病人可恢复正常，若复查白细胞仍低于3×109/L，则中断治疗；如白细胞＜2×109/L，中断治疗。 6.如患者有血液异常病史或肾功能和肝功能不全患者，使用本品时应慎重，经常进行血液和临床检测。 7.如果剂量过大或出现毒性时。可给予消胆胺或活性炭加以消除。具体方法：口服消胆胺3次/日，每次8克，连续服用11天，1天M1血浆浓度降低约40%，2天降低约49%～65%，11天降低约0.02ug/mL。或者通过胃管或口服给予活性炭(混悬液)，每6小时50克，1天M1血浆浓度降低约37%，2天降低约48%。

【儿童用药】对儿童应用本品的疗效和安全性还没有研究，故年龄小于18岁的患者，建议不使用本品。

【老年患者用药】未进行该项实验且无可靠参考文献。

【孕妇及哺乳期妇女用药】孕妇及尚未采取可靠避孕措施的育龄妇女及哺乳期妇女禁用。

【药物相互作用】 1.消胆胺和活性炭 志愿者和患者服用消胆或活性炭时，血液中M1水平显著下降。 2.肝毒性药物 来氟米特和肝毒性药物合用时，不良反应增强。如来氟米特治后，未进行药物消除就服用肝毒性药物，也会导致不良反应增强。30例联合使用来氟米特和氨甲喋呤患者中，有5例患者转氨酶升高2～3倍，其中2例继续联合用药，另外3例停用来氟米特；另5例转氨酶升高大于3倍者，其中2例继续联合用药，另外3例停用来氟米特，研究结束10例患者转氨酶均恢复正常。所有患者均符合ACR肝活组织检查标准。 3.非甾体类解热镇痛药 体外试验显示：M1可使游离双氯芬酸和布洛芬浓度增加13～50%。但临床试验中，非甾体类解热镇痛药与来氟米特合并用药时，未出现不良反应增强现象。 4.甲苯磺丁脲 体外试验显示：M1可使游离甲苯磺丁脲浓度升高13～50%，此临床意义还不清楚。 5.利福平多剂量利福平和单剂量来氟米特联合应用，血液中游离M1较单独使用来氟米特提高40%，随着利福平的使用，M1浓度可能继续升高，因此来氟米特和利福平联合用药时，要慎重。

【药物过量】据文献报道，如果剂量过大或出现毒性时，可给予考来烯胺或活性炭加以消除。方法：（1）口服考来烯胺(8g，3次／24小时)，24小时内M1血浆浓度降低约40％，48小时内降低大约49%～65％。连续服用11天，M1血浆浓度可降至0.02?g／m1以下。（2）通过胃管或口服给予活性炭(混悬液)，每6小时50克，24小时内M1血浆浓度降低37％，48小时降低48％。如果临床上需要，这些措施可以重复使用。

【药理毒理】本品为一个具有抗增殖活性的异噁唑类免疫抑制剂，其作用机理主要是抑制二氢乳清酸脱氢酶的活性，从而影响活化淋巴细胞的嘧啶合成。体内外试验表明本品具有抗炎作用。来氟米特的体内活性主要通过其活性代谢产物A771726(M1)而产生。

【药代动力学】本品口服吸收迅速，在胃肠粘膜与肝中迅速转变为活性代谢产物A771726（M1），口服后6～12小时内A771726的血药浓度达峰值，口服生物利用度（F）约80%，吸收不受高脂肪饮食影响。单次口服50mg或100mg后24小时，血浆A771726浓度分别为4?g/ml或8.5?g/ml。A771726主要分布于肝、肾和皮肤组织，而脑组织分布较少；A771726血浆浓度较低，血浆蛋白结合率大于99%，稳态分布容积为0.13L/kg。A771726在体内进一步代谢，并从肾脏与胆汁排泄，其半衰期约10天。

【贮 藏】遮光，密封于干燥处保

Leflunomide Tablets

Generic Name: leflunomide (le FLOO noe mide)
Brand Name: Arava 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

What is leflunomide?

Leflunomide affects the immune system and reduces swelling and inflammation in the body.

Leflunomide is used to treat the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis.

Leflunomide may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about leflunomide?

Do not use leflunomide if you are pregnant, and stop taking this medicine if you think you might be pregnant. Use birth control to prevent pregnancy while you are taking leflunomide, and until you complete a "drug elimination" procedure.

Leflunomide can cause severe or fatal liver damage. Tell your doctor if you have a history of liver disease or if you also use other medicines such as: pain or arthritis medicine (including aspirin, Tylenol, and Advil/Motrin), medicines to treat tuberculosis or other infections, seizure medication, hormonal birth control or hormone replacement therapy, chemotherapy, cholesterol-lowering medicine, heart medication, or blood pressure medicine.

Your liver function will need to be tested often, and you may need to stop taking leflunomide based on the results of these tests.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking leflunomide?

You should not use this medicine if you are allergic to leflunomide or teriflunomide, or if:

· you are pregnant (you will need to have a negative pregnancy test before starting this treatment);

· you have severe liver disease; or

· you are also using teriflunomide.

Do not use leflunomide if you are pregnant or may become pregnant. Avoid getting pregnant until after you stop taking leflunomide and undergo a "drug elimination" procedure to help rid your body of this medicine. Stop taking leflunomide and call your doctor right away if you miss a period or think you might be pregnant.

To make sure leflunomide is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have:

· a history of liver disease or hepatitis (leflunomide can cause severe liver problems);

· a severe or uncontrolled infection;

· kidney disease;

· nerve problems, such as neuropathy caused by diabetes;

· a history of tuberculosis;

· a weak immune system or bone marrow disorder; or

· if you are using any drugs that weaken your immune system (such as cancer medicine or steroids).

Use birth control to prevent pregnancy while you are taking this medicine. After you stop taking leflunomide, continue using birth control until you have received blood tests to make sure the drug has been eliminated from your body.

Ask your doctor if you should use a barrier form of birth control (condom or diaphragm with spermicide). Using hormonal contraception (birth control pills, injections, implants, skin patches, and vaginal rings) may increase your risk of liver damage while taking leflunomide.

It is not known whether leflunomide passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. You should not breast-feed while using this medicine.

How should I take leflunomide?

Before you start treatment with leflunomide, your doctor may perform tests to make sure you do not have tuberculosis or other infections.

Follow all directions on your prescription label. Your doctor may occasionally change your dose. Do not use this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.

Your blood pressure will need to be checked often.

Leflunomide can lower blood cells that help your body fight infections and help your blood to clot. Your blood will need to be tested often. Your leflunomide treatment may be stopped for a short time based on the results of these tests.

Your liver function will also need to be tested often, and you may need to stop taking leflunomide based on the results of these tests.

After you stop taking leflunomide, you may need to be treated with other medicines to help your body eliminate leflunomide quickly. If you do not undergo this drug elimination procedure, leflunomide could stay in your body for up to 2 years. Follow your doctor's instructions.

You will also need to go through this drug elimination procedure if you plan to become pregnant after you stop taking leflunomide.

Arthritis is often treated with a combination of drugs. Use all medications as directed by your doctor. Read the medication guide or patient instructions provided with each medication. Do not change your doses or medication schedule without your doctor's advice.

Store at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.

Overdose symptoms may include diarrhea, stomach pain, pale skin, easy bruising or bleeding, dark urine, or jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes).

What should I avoid while taking leflunomide?

Avoid being near people who have colds, the flu, or other contagious illnesses. Contact your doctor at once if you develop signs of infection.

Do not receive a "live" vaccine while using leflunomide, or you could develop a serious infection. Live vaccines include measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), polio, rotavirus, typhoid, yellow fever, varicella (chickenpox), zoster (shingles), and nasal flu (influenza) vaccine.

Leflunomide side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Call your doctor at once if you have:

· signs of infection--sudden weakness or ill feeling, fever, chills, sore throat, mouth sores, red or swollen gums, trouble swallowing;

· sudden chest pain or discomfort, wheezing, dry cough, feeling short of breath;

· easy bruising, unusual bleeding (nose, mouth, vagina, or rectum), purple or red pinpoint spots under your skin;

· numbness, tingling, or burning pain in your hands or feet;

· liver problems--nausea, upper stomach pain, itching, tiredness, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes); or

· severe skin reaction--fever, sore throat, swelling in your face or tongue, burning in your eyes, skin pain, followed by a red or purple skin rash that spreads (especially in the face or upper body) and causes blistering and peeling.

Common side effects may include:

· nausea, diarrhea, stomach pain;

· headache;

· abnormal liver function tests;

· thinning hair;

· back pain;

· weakness;

· rash; or

· high blood pressure.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Leflunomide dosing information

Usual Adult Dose for Rheumatoid Arthritis:

Loading dose: 100 mg orally once a day for 3 days
Maintenance: 20 mg orally once a day (If not well tolerated, the dose may be decreased to 10 mg orally once a day)

Comment: 
-Hematology parameters and liver enzymes should be monitored.

Use: 
For the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis (RA):
-To reduce signs and symptoms 
-To inhibit structural damage as evidenced by X-ray erosions and joint space narrowing
-To improve physical function

What other drugs will affect leflunomide?

Leflunomide can cause severe or fatal liver damage. This effect is increased when you also use certain other medicines, including:

· acetaminophen (Tylenol), aspirin, gout or arthritis medication (including gold injections); an NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug)--ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve), celecoxib, diclofenac, indomethacin, meloxicam, and others;

· an antibiotic, antifungal medicine, or sulfa drug; tuberculosis medicine; antiviral or HIV/AIDS medication; medicine to treat mental illness; seizure medication--carbamazepine, phenytoin, valproic acid, and others;

· birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy; anabolic steroids--methyltestosterone, "performance-enhancing drugs"; cancer medication; or

· cholesterol-lowering medication--Crestor, Lipitor, Vytorin, Zocor, and others; heart or blood pressure medication.

This list is not complete and many other drugs can interact with leflunomide. This includes prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Give a list of all your medicines to any healthcare provider who treats you. Not all possible interactions are listed in this medication guide.