

Uptravi 赛列帕格片

通用中文 | 赛列帕格片 | 通用外文 | selexipag |
品牌中文 | 品牌外文 | Uptravi | |
其他名称 | PZN: 11579227 | ||
公司 | Actelion Ltd.(Actelion Ltd.) | 产地 | 德国(Germany) |
含量 | 200mcg | 包装 | 60片/盒 |
剂型给药 | 储存 | 室温 | |
适用范围 | 肺动脉高压 |
通用中文 | 赛列帕格片 |
通用外文 | selexipag |
品牌中文 | |
品牌外文 | Uptravi |
其他名称 | PZN: 11579227 |
公司 | Actelion Ltd.(Actelion Ltd.) |
产地 | 德国(Germany) |
含量 | 200mcg |
包装 | 60片/盒 |
剂型给药 | |
储存 | 室温 |
适用范围 | 肺动脉高压 |
Uptravi(selexipag)使用说明书2015年第一版
批准日期:2015年12月21日;公司:Actelion Ltd.
UPTRAVI®(selexipag)片,为口服使用
美国初次批准: 2015
[适应证和用途]
UPTRAVI®是一种前列环素受体激动剂适用为的治疗肺动脉高压(PAH,WHO组I)延缓疾病进展和减低为PAH住院的风险(1.1)
[剂量和给药方法]
⑴ 开始剂量: 200 µg每天2次.(2.1)
⑵ 在每周间隔增加剂量200 µg每天2次至最高耐受剂量至1600 µg每天2次.(2.1)
⑶ 按耐受性确定维持剂量。(2.1)
⑷ 中度肝受损: 开始剂量200 µg每天1次,在每周间隔增加剂量200 µg每天1次至最高耐受剂量至1600 µg。(2.3)
[剂型和规格]
片剂: 200 µg,400 µg,600 µg,800 µg,1000 µg,1200 µg,1400 µg,1600 µg。(3)
[禁忌证]
无。(4)
[警告和注意事项]
在有肺静脉闭塞症患者中肺水肿。如确证,终止治疗。(5.1)
[不良反应]
用UPTRAVI与安慰剂比较发生更频(>5%)不良反应是头痛,腹泻,下颚痛,恶心,肌痛,呕吐,肢体疼痛,和脸红。(6.1)
[药物相互作用]
强CYP2C8抑制剂:对selexipag及其活性代谢物暴露增加。避免同时使用。(7.1,12.3)
[特殊人群中使用]
⑴ 哺乳母亲: 终止UPTRAVI或哺乳喂养。(8.2)
⑵ 严重肝受损: 避免使用。(8.6)
[完整处方资料]
1 适应证和用途
1.1 肺动脉高压
UPTRAVI是适用为的治疗肺动脉高压(PAH,WHO组I)延缓疾病进展和减低对PAH住院的风险。
在一项长期研究在PAH患者有WHO功能类别II-III症状确定有效性。
患者有特发性和遗传性PAH(58%),PAH伴随结缔组织病(29%),PAH伴随先天性心脏病与修复分流(10%)[见临床研究(14.1)]。
2 剂量和给药方法
2.1 推荐剂量
UPTRAVI 的推荐开始剂量是200 µg给予每天2次。当与食物服用可能改善耐受性[见临床药理学(12.3)]。
增加剂量以增量200 µg每天2次,通常在每周间隔,至最高耐受剂量至1600 µg每天2次。如一例患者达到一个不能耐受剂量,该剂量应被减低至以前耐受剂量。
不要分裂,粉碎,或咀嚼片。
2.2 中断和终止
如被缺失一剂药物,患者应尽可能快服用缺失剂量除非下一次剂量在下一个6小时内。
如被缺失治疗共3天或更多。在较低剂量重新开始UPTRAVI和然后再滴定调整。
2.3 在有肝受损患者中剂量调整
对有轻度肝受损患者(Child-Pugh类别A)无需UPTRAVI剂量调整。
对有中度肝受损患者(Child-Pugh类别B),UPTRAVI的开始剂量是200 µg每天1次。如耐受在每周间隔,以增量200 µg每天1次增加[见特殊人群中使用(8.6),和临床药理学(12.3)]。
在有严重肝受损患者(Child-Pugh类别C)避免使用UPTRAVI。
3 剂型和规格
UPTRAVI可得到以下强度规格:
200 µg[浅黄色片凹陷有2]
400 µg[红色片凹陷有4]
600 µg[浅紫色片凹陷有6]
800 µg[绿色片凹陷有8]
1000 µg[橙色片凹陷有10]
1200 µg[深紫色片凹陷有12]
1400 µg[深黄色片凹陷有14]
1600 µg[棕色片凹陷有16]
4 禁忌证
无。
5 警告和注意事项
5.1 肺静脉闭塞症(PVOD)
应发生肺水肿体征,考虑伴PVOD可能性。如确证,终止UPTRAVI。
6 不良反应
6.1 临床研究经验
因为临床试验是在广泛不同情况下进行的,临床试验观察到不良反应率不能与另一种药临床试验发生率直接比较而且可能不反映实践中观察到的发生率。
在一项长期,安慰剂-对照研究纳入1156例患者有症状性PAH(GRIPHON研究)曽评价UPTRAVI的安全性[见临床研究(14)]。在这个试验暴露至UPTRAVI是至4.2年有中位暴露时间1.4年。
表1展示用UPTRAVI比用安慰剂更频>3%的不良反应。
在剂量滴定调整期间这些不良反应是更频。
用UPTRAVI中1%(n=8)患者观察到甲状腺功能亢进症和用安慰剂患者中无。
实验室测试异常
血红蛋白
在一项有PAH患者3期安慰剂-对照研究,血红蛋白在定期访问与基线均数绝对变化比较在selexipag组范围从−0.34至−0.02 g/dL与安慰剂组比较−0.05至0.25 g/d。在血红蛋白 浓度减低至低于10 g/dL用selexipag治疗患者被报道8.6%和安慰剂-治疗患者为5.0%。
甲状腺功能测试
在有PAH患者一项3期安慰剂-对照研,在selexipag组在大多数访问观察到在中位甲状腺-刺激激素(TSH)一个减低(从一个基线中位数2.5 MU/L至−0.3 MU/L)。在安慰剂组,中位数值小变化是明显。在任一组三碘甲状腺氨酸或甲状腺素无均数变化。
7 药物相互作用
7.1 强CYP2C8抑制剂
与CYP2C8强抑制剂同时给药可能导致暴露于selexipag及其活性代谢物显著增加。避免UPTRAVI与CYP2C8强抑制剂同时给药(如,吉非贝齐[gemfibrozil])[见临床药理学(12.3)].
8 特殊人群中使用
8.1 妊娠
风险总结
在妊娠妇女没有用UPTRAVI适当和对照良好研究。用selexipag进行动物生殖研究显示对胚胎发育和生存无临床上相关影响。当器官形成期妊娠大鼠被给予selexipag在一个剂量产生一个人中在最大推荐人用剂量时暴露约47倍,观察到母体以及胎儿体重略微减低。当妊娠兔在器官形成期间暴露至在最大推荐人用剂量时人暴露的50倍时未观察到不良发育结局。
不知道对适应证人群中主要出生缺陷和流产的估算背景风险。在美国一般人群,主要出生缺陷和临床上认可妊娠中流产的估算背景风险分别是2-4%和15-20%。
数据
动物数据
妊娠大鼠被用selexipag处理,在器官形成期时(怀孕第7至17天)用口服剂量2,6,和20 mg/kg/day(在曲线下面积[AUC]基础至在最大推荐人用剂量1600 µg每天2次时暴露的47倍)。在这项研究中Selexipag对胎儿没有致不良发育影响。观察到胎儿体重略微减低,在高剂量在母体体重平行有略微减低。
妊娠兔被用selexipag处理,器官形成期期间(怀孕第6至18天)用口服剂量3,10,和30 mg/kg(在AUC基础上暴露在最大推荐人用剂量时1600 µg每天2次活性代谢物暴露至50倍)。在这项研究中Selexipag对胎儿没有致不良发育影响。
8.2 哺乳
不知道UPTRAVI 是否存在人乳汁中。Selexipag或其代谢物存在于大鼠乳汁中。因为许多药物存在于人乳汁和因为在哺乳婴儿对严重不良反应潜能,终止哺乳或终止UPTRAVI。
8.4 儿童使用
未曽确定在儿童患者中安全性和有效性。
8.5 老年人使用
在UPTRAVI的临床研究1368例受试者中248例受试者为65岁和以上,而19例是75岁和以上。这些受试者和较年轻受试者间观察到无总体差别,和其他报告的临床经验未曽确定老年和较年轻患者反应间差别,但不能除外更大敏感性。
8.6 有肝受损患者
在有轻度肝受损患者(Child-Pugh类别A)无需调整给药方案。
在有中度肝受损(Child-Pugh类别B)患者由于对selexipag及其活性代谢物暴露增加,建议一个每天1次方案。在有严重肝受损(Child-Pugh类别C)患者没有用UPTRAVI经验,在有严重肝受损患者避免使用UPTRAVI [见剂量和给药方法(2.3)和临床药理学(12.3)]。
8.7 有肾受损患者
在有估算的肾小球过滤率 > 15 mL/min/1.73 m2患者中无需对给药方案调整。
在患者进行透析或在有肾小球滤过率< 15 mL/min/1.73 m2患者中没有用UPTRAVI临床经验[见临床药理学(12.3)].
10 药物过量
报道孤立的过量至3200 µg病例。轻度,短暂恶心是被报道唯一后果。在过量事件中,需要时必须采用支持措施。透析很可能无效因为selexipag及其活性代谢物是高度蛋白结合。
11 一般描述
UPTRAVI(selexipag)是一种选择性非-类前列腺素IP前列环素受体激动剂。Selexipag的化学名是2-{4-[(5,6-diphenylpyrazin-2-yl)(isopropyl)amino]butoxy}-N(methylsulfonyl) acetamide,分子式为C26H32N4O4S和分子量496.62。Selexipag有以下结构式:
Selexipag是一种浅黄色结晶粉实际上不溶于水。在固体状态selexipag是非常稳定,不吸潮,和不光敏感。
依赖于剂量强度,为口服给药的每片圆膜包衣片含200,400,600,800,1000,1200,1400,或1600 µg的selexipag。 这些片包含以下无活性成分: D-甘露醇,玉米淀粉,低取代羟丙基纤维素,羟丙基纤维素,和硬脂酸镁。片是膜包衣有一涂层材料含羟丙甲纤维素,丙二醇,二氧化钛,巴西棕榈蜡与红色氧化铁,黄色氧化铁或黑色氧化铁混合物在一起。
12 临床药理学
12.1 作用机制
Selexipag是一种口服前列环素受体(IP受体)激动剂结构上不同于前列环素。Selexipag被羧酸酯酶1水解产生其活性代谢物,它是selexipag约37-倍一样强。相比其他类前列腺素受体(EP1-4,DP,FP和TP)Selexipag和活性代谢物是选择性对IP受体。
12.2 药效动力学
心脏电生理学:
在最大耐受剂量1600 µg每天2次,selexipag不延长QT间期至任何临床上相关程度。
血小板集聚:
在体外selexipag及其活性代谢物致浓度-依赖性的血小板集聚的抑制有一个IC50分别5.5 μM和0.21 μM。但是,因为在多次-剂量给予selexipag 在健康受试者从400 µg至1800 µg每天2次后在临床相关浓度,对血小板集聚测试参数未见影响。
肺血流动力学:
一项2期临床研究在有PAH WHO功能类别II–III患者治疗17周后评估血流动力学变量和同时接受内皮素受体拮抗剂(ERAs)和/或磷酸二酯酶型5(PDE-5)抑制剂。患者滴定调整selexipag至一个体耐受剂量(200 µg每天2次增量至800 µg每天2次)(N=33)实现肺血管阻力一个统计学上-显著均数减低30.3%(95%可信区间[CI] −44.7%,−12.2%)和心脏指数增加(中位治疗效应) 0.41 L/min/m2(95% CI 0.10,0.71)与安慰剂(N=10)比较。
药物相互作用:
一项健康受试者研究,selexipag(400 µg一天2次)不影响华法林对国际归一化比值药效学影响。
12.3 药代动力学
主要地在健康受试者曽研究selexipag及其活性代谢物的药代动力学。单次-和多次-给药后 selexipag和活性代谢物的药代动力学都是剂量-正比例至单剂量800 µg和多剂量至1800 µg每天2次。多次-剂量给药后或母体化合物或活性代谢物血浆未发生积蓄。
在健康受试者,在稳态时对selexipag和活性代谢物暴露(历时一个给药间隔曲线下面积,AUC)受试者间变异性分别为43%和39%。对selexipag和活性代谢物暴露的受试者内变异性分别为 24%和19%。
在PAH患者和健康受试者稳态时对selexipag和活性代谢物暴露是相似。在PAH患者selexipag和活性代谢物的药代动力学不受疾病严重程度影响和不随时间变化。
在健康受试者和PAH患者两者,在稳态时对活性代谢物暴露约3-至4-倍于selexipag。
吸收
口服给药时,在口服给药后selexipag及其活性代谢物分别约在1–3小时和3–4 小时达到观察到血浆峰浓度。
在存在食物时,selexipag的吸收被延长导致达峰时间(Tmax)延迟和~30%较低的血浆峰浓度(Cmax),存在食物对selexipag和活性代谢物(AUC)暴露没有显著地变化。
分布
Selexipag及其活性代谢物是高度地结合至血浆蛋白(总共约99%和对白蛋白和α1-酸性糖蛋白至相同程度)。
代谢
Selexipag通过肝羧酸酯酶1进行酰基磺酰胺[acylsulfonamide]的酶水解,产生活性代谢物。被CYP3A4和CYP2C8催化的氧化代谢导致羟基化和脱烷基化产物的形成。活性代谢物的葡萄糖醛化涉及UGT1A3和UGT2B7。除了活性代谢物,在人血浆中无循环代谢物超出总体药物相关物质的3%。
消除
Selexipag占优势的消除是通过通过均数末端半衰期0.8-2.5小时。活性代谢物有末端半衰期 6.2-13.5小时。Selexipag的表观口服去除率是平均35 L/hour。
排泄
在一项研究在健康受试者用放射性标记的selexipag,约93%的放射性药物物质在粪中被消除和在尿中只有12%,在尿中未发现selexipag也未发现其活性代谢物。
特殊人群:
性别,种族,年龄或体重在健康受试者或PAH患者曽被观察到对selexipag及其活性代谢物对药代动力学没有临床相关影响。.
年龄:
在成年和老年受试者至75岁药代动力学变量(Cmax和AUC)相似。在PAH患者年龄对selexipag和活性代谢物的药代动力学没有影响。
肝受损:
在有轻度(Child-Pugh类型A)或中度(Child-Pugh类型B)肝受损受试者,对selexipag暴露为在健康受试者所见2-和4-倍。在有轻度肝受损受试者暴露至selexipag的活性代谢物保持几乎无变化和在有中度肝受损受试者被加倍。[见特殊人群中使用(8.6)]。
根据来自一项研究在有肝受损受试者药代动力学模型分析的数据,在受试者有中度肝受损(Child-Pugh类别B)每天1次方案后在稳态对活性代谢物暴露期望与在健康受试者接受一个每天2次方案相似。这些患者在一个每天1次方案期间在稳态时对selexipag暴露期望将是在健康受试者接受一个每天2次方案所见的约2-倍。
肾受损:
有严重肾受损受试者(估算肾小球滤过率 > 15 mL/min/1.73 m2和< 30 mL/min/1.73 m2)观察到对selexipag及其活性代谢物暴露(Cmax和AUC)增加40-70%[见特殊人群中使用(8.7)]。
药物相互作用研究:
体外研究
Selexipag通过肝脏羧酸酯酶1被水解至其活性代谢物。 Selexipag及其活性代谢物二者被CYP2C8和CYP3A4进行氧化代谢。活性代谢物的葡萄糖醛酸化被UGT1A3和UGT2B7催化。 Selexipag及其活性代谢物是OATP1B1和OATP1B3的底物。Selexipag是P-gp的底物,而活性代谢物是乳癌耐药蛋白(BCRP)转运蛋白的底物。Selexipag及其活性代谢物在临床上相关浓度不抑制或诱导肝细胞色素P450酶。Selexipag及其活性代谢物不抑制肝火肾转运蛋白。
未曽研究CYP2C8的强抑制剂(例如吉非贝齐)对selexipag或其活性代谢物暴露的影响。与CYP2C8的强抑制剂同时给药可能导致对selexipag及其活性代谢物显著增加[见药物相互作用(7.1)]。
图1中展示在体内药物相互作用研究的结果。
图1其他药物对UPTRAVI及其活性代谢物(A)的影响和UPTRAVI对华法林(B)的影响。
13 非临床毒理学
13.1 癌发生,突变发生,生育率受损
癌发生: 在大鼠在100 mg/kg/day和小鼠在500 mg/kg/day 2-年致癌性研究,慢性口服给予selexipag揭示在大鼠中无致癌潜能证据。暴露是人暴露大于25-倍。
突变发生: 在进行遗传毒性研究总体证据基础上Selexipag和活性代谢物没有遗传毒性。
生育力:在一项研究其中大鼠被口服给予selexipag 60 mg/kg/day这个剂量相当于一个暴露175-倍(活性代谢物)人治疗暴露对生育力无影响剂量。
14 临床研究
14.1 肺动脉高压
在一项多中心,双盲,安慰剂-对照,平行组,事件-驱动研究(GRIPHON)在1156例有症状性(WHO功能类别I[0.8%],II[46%],III[53%],和IV[1%] ) PAH患者证实selexipag对PAH的进展的疗效。患者被随机化至或安慰剂(N = 582),或UPTRAVI(N = 574)。剂量是以每周间隔增加按增量200 µg一天2次至最高耐受剂量至1600 µg一天2次。
主要研究终点是至至治疗的结束首次发生时间: a)死亡,b) 为PAH住院,c) PAH恶化导致需要肺移植,或球囊房间隔造口术,d)非肠道类前列腺素治疗或慢性氧治疗的开始,或 e) 其他疾病进展根据一个15%从基线减低在6MWD加功能类别恶化或需要对另外PAH-特异性治疗。
均数年龄为48岁,患者的多数是白种人(65%)和女性(80%)。接近所有患者是在基线时WHO功能类别II和III。
特发性或遗传PAH是在研究人群(58%)最常见病因接着是伴随结缔组织病PAH (29%),伴随先天性心脏病与修复分流(10%),药物和毒素(2%),和HIV(1%)PAH。
在基线时,被纳入患者的多数(80%)是正在被一个稳定剂量内皮素受体拮抗剂(15%),一个PDE-5抑制剂(32%),或二者(33%)治疗。
用selexipag患者实现以下组内剂量: 200 - 400 µg(23%),600 1000 µg(31%)和1200 - 1600 µg(43%)。
用UPTRAVI治疗与安慰剂比较(表2; 图2)导致主要终点事件的发生减低40% (99% CI: 22至54%; 双侧用对数秩和检验p-值 < 0.0001)。UPTRAVI的有益效应是主要地归因于为PAH住院减低和其他疾病进展事件减低(表2)。UPTRAVI观察到获益相似不管患者被滴定调整至他们的最高耐受剂量时实现的剂量[见剂量和给药方法(2.1)]。
图2在GRIPHON试验首次患病率-死亡率事件的Kaplan-Meier估算值。
不知道在selexipag组中过多的死亡数是否是药物相关因为直至进入GRIPHON18个月死亡是如此少和不平衡。
图3A,B和C显示为对主要终点组分为PAH住院(A),其他疾病进展(B),和死亡(C)的至首次事件时间分析—任何主要终点事件后7天的所有审查(因为许多患者在这个点从用安慰剂转变至开放 UPTRAVI )。
图3 A 在GRIPHON试验中为PAH住院作为第一终点。
图3B 在GRIPHON试验中疾病进展作为第一终点。
图3 C 在GRIPHON试验中死亡作为第一终点。
UPTRAVI 对至第一主要事件时间的治疗效应是一致无论背景PAH 治疗(即,与ERA,PDE5i,或二者联用,或无背景治疗)(图4).
注释: 分析中未展示种族组“其他”,因为人群数少于30。EU =有事件的UPTRAVI患者数,NU =随机化至UPTRAVI患者数,EP =有事件安慰剂患者数,NP =随机化至安慰剂患者数,HR = 风险比,CI = 可信区间,方块代表在该亚组中患者数大小。
注释: 上图展示在各种亚组其中所有是基线特征和所有被预先指定。所显示99%可信限度未考虑做如何多的比较,也不反映一种特殊因子对所有其他因子校正后。组间表观均质性或异质性不应被过度解读。
图4 在GRIPHON试验中主要终点的亚组分析。
6-分钟走路距离(6MWD)
运动能力被评价为次要终点。从基线至周26在谷时测量的6MWD的中位绝对变化(即给药后约12小时时)是用UPTRAVI +4米和在安慰剂组中-9米。这导致一个12米(99% CI: 1,24米;双侧p = 0.005)安慰剂-校正中位治疗效应.
16 如何供应/贮存和处置
UPTRAVI(selexipag)薄膜包衣-c,圆片被供应以下规格:
贮存在20ºC至25ºC(68ºF至77ºF)。外出允许15°C和30°C间(59°F和86°F)。[见USP 控制室温]。
17 患者咨询资料
忠告患者阅读FDA-批准的患者说明书(患者包装插件)。
告知患者:
● 如他们缺失一剂时如何做。
● 不要分裂,粉碎,或咀嚼片剂。。。
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION
These highlights do not include all the information needed to use UPTRAVI® safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for UPTRAVI®.
UPTRAVI® (selexipag) tablets, for oral use
Initial U.S. Approval: 2015
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
UPTRAVI® is a prostacyclin receptor agonist indicated for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH, WHO Group I) to delay disease progression and reduce the risk of hospitalization for PAH. (1.1)
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
Starting dose: 200 mcg twice daily. (2.1)
Increase the dose by 200 mcg twice daily at weekly intervals to the highest tolerated dose up to 1600 mcg twice daily. (2.1)
Maintenance dose is determined by tolerability. (2.1)
Moderate hepatic impairment: Starting dose 200 mcg once daily, increase the dose by 200 mcg once daily at weekly intervals to the highest tolerated dose up to 1600 mcg. (2.3)
DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
Tablets: 200 mcg, 400 mcg, 600 mcg, 800 mcg, 1000 mcg, 1200 mcg, 1400 mcg, 1600 mcg. (3)
CONTRAINDICATIONS
None (4)
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
Pulmonary edema in patients with pulmonary veno-occlusive disease. If confirmed, discontinue treatment. (5.1)
ADVERSE REACTIONS
Adverse reactions occurring more frequently (≥5%) on UPTRAVI compared to placebo are headache, diarrhea, jaw pain, nausea, myalgia, vomiting, pain in extremity, and flushing. (6.1)
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Actelion at 1-866-228-3546 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Strong CYP2C8 inhibitors: increased exposure to selexipag and its active metabolite. Avoid concomitant use. (7.1, 12.3)
USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
Nursing mothers: discontinue UPTRAVI or breastfeeding. (8.2)
Severe hepatic impairment: Avoid use. (8.6)
See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION and FDA-approved patient labeling.
Revised: 12/2015
FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: CONTENTS*
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
1.1 Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
UPTRAVI is indicated for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH, WHO Group I) to delay disease progression and reduce the risk of hospitalization for PAH.
Effectiveness was established in a long-term study in PAH patients with WHO Functional Class II-III symptoms.
Patients had idiopathic and heritable PAH (58%), PAH associated with connective tissue disease (29%), PAH associated with congenital heart disease with repaired shunts (10%) [see Clinical Studies (14.1)].
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
2.1 Recommended Dosage
The recommended starting dose of UPTRAVI is 200 micrograms (mcg) given twice daily. Tolerability may be improved when taken with food [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Increase the dose in increments of 200 mcg twice daily, usually at weekly intervals, to the highest tolerated dose up to 1600 mcg twice daily. If a patient reaches a dose that cannot be tolerated, the dose should be reduced to the previous tolerated dose.
Do not split, crush, or chew tablets.
2.2 Interruptions and Discontinuations
If a dose of medication is missed, patients should take a missed dose as soon as possible unless the next dose is within the next 6 hours.
If treatment is missed for 3 days or more, restart UPTRAVI at a lower dose and then retitrate.
2.3 Dosage Adjustment in Patients with Hepatic Impairment
No dose adjustment of UPTRAVI is necessary for patients with mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class A).
For patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class B), the starting dose of UPTRAVI is 200 mcg once daily. Increase in increments of 200 mcg once daily at weekly intervals, as tolerated [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6), and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Avoid use of UPTRAVI in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class C).
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
UPTRAVI is available in the following strengths:
– 200 mcg [Light yellow tablet debossed with 2]
– 400 mcg [Red tablet debossed with 4]
– 600 mcg [Light violet tablet debossed with 6]
– 800 mcg [Green tablet debossed with 8]
– 1000 mcg [Orange tablet debossed with 10]
– 1200 mcg [Dark violet tablet debossed with 12]
– 1400 mcg [Dark yellow tablet debossed with 14]
– 1600 mcg [Brown tablet debossed with 16]
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS
None.
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
5.1 Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive Disease (PVOD)
Should signs of pulmonary edema occur, consider the possibility of associated PVOD. If confirmed, discontinue UPTRAVI.
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS
6.1 Clinical Trial Experience
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
The safety of UPTRAVI has been evaluated in a long-term, placebo-controlled study enrolling 1156 patients with symptomatic PAH (GRIPHON study) [see Clinical Studies (14)]. The exposure to UPTRAVI in this trial was up to 4.2 years with median duration of exposure of 1.4 years.
Table1 presents adverse reactions more frequent on UPTRAVI than on placebo by ≥3%.
Table 1 Adverse Reactions
Adverse Reaction |
UPTRAVI N=575 |
Placebo N=577 |
---|---|---|
Headache | 65% | 32% |
Diarrhea | 42% | 18% |
Jaw pain | 26% | 6% |
Nausea | 33% | 18% |
Myalgia | 16% | 6% |
Vomiting | 18% | 9% |
Pain in Extremity | 17% | 8% |
Flushing | 12% | 5% |
Arthralgia | 11% | 8% |
Anemia | 8% | 5% |
Decreased appetite | 6% | 3% |
Rash | 11% | 8% |
These adverse reactions are more frequent during the dose titration phase.
Hyperthyroidism was observed in 1% (n=8) of patients on UPTRAVI and in none of the patients on placebo.
Laboratory Test Abnormalities
Hemoglobin
In a Phase 3 placebo-controlled study in patients with PAH, mean absolute changes in hemoglobin at regular visits compared to baseline ranged from −0.34 to −0.02 g/dL in the selexipag group compared to −0.05 to 0.25 g/dL in the placebo group. A decrease in hemoglobin concentration to below 10 g/dL was reported in 8.6% of patients treated with selexipag and 5.0% of placebo-treated patients.
Thyroid function tests
In a Phase 3 placebo-controlled study in patients with PAH, a reduction (up to −0.3 MU/L from a baseline median of 2.5 MU/L) in median thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was observed at most visits in the selexipag group. In the placebo group, little change in median values was apparent. There were no mean changes in triiodothyronine or thyroxine in either group.
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS
7.1 Strong CYP2C8 Inhibitors
Concomitant administration with strong inhibitors of CYP2C8 may result in a significant increase in exposure to selexipag and its active metabolite. Avoid concomitant administration of UPTRAVI with strong inhibitors of CYP2C8 (e.g., gemfibrozil) [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
8.1 Pregnancy
Risk Summary
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies with UPTRAVI in pregnant women. Animal reproduction studies performed with selexipag showed no clinically relevant effects on embryofetal development and survival. A slight reduction in maternal as well as in fetal body weight was observed when pregnant rats were administered selexipag during organogenesis at a dose producing an exposure approximately 47 times that in humans at the maximum recommended human dose. No adverse developmental outcomes were observed with oral administration of selexipag to pregnant rabbits during organogenesis at exposures up to 50 times the human exposure at the maximum recommended human dose.
The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively.
Data
Animal Data
Pregnant rats were treated with selexipag using oral doses of 2, 6, and 20 mg/kg/day (up to 47 times the exposure at the maximum recommended human dose of 1600 mcg twice daily on an area under the curve [AUC] basis) during the period of organogenesis (gestation days 7 to 17). Selexipag did not cause adverse developmental effects to the fetus in this study. A slight reduction in fetal body weight was observed in parallel with a slight reduction in maternal body weight at the high dose.
Pregnant rabbits were treated with selexipag using oral doses of 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg (up to 50 times the exposure to the active metabolite at the maximum recommended human dose of 1600 mcg twice daily on an AUC basis) during the period of organogenesis (gestation days 6 to 18). Selexipag did not cause adverse developmental effects to the fetus in this study.
8.2 Lactation
It is not known if UPTRAVI is present in human milk. Selexipag or its metabolites were present in the milk of rats. Because many drugs are present in the human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants, discontinue nursing or discontinue UPTRAVI.
8.4 Pediatric Use
Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.
8.5 Geriatric Use
Of the 1368 subjects in clinical studies of UPTRAVI 248 subjects were 65 years of age and older, while 19 were 75 and older. No overall differences were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity cannot be ruled out.
8.6 Patients with Hepatic Impairment
No adjustment to the dosing regimen is needed in patients with mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class A).
A once-daily regimen is recommended in patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class B) due to the increased exposure to selexipag and its active metabolite. There is no experience with UPTRAVI in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class C). Avoid use of UPTRAVI in patients with severe hepatic impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.3) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
8.7 Patients with Renal Impairment
No adjustment to the dosing regimen is needed in patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate > 15 mL/min/1.73 m2.
There is no clinical experience with UPTRAVI in patients undergoing dialysis or in patients with glomerular filtration rates < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
10 OVERDOSAGE
Isolated cases of overdose up to 3200 mcg were reported. Mild, transient nausea was the only reported consequence. In the event of overdose, supportive measures must be taken as required. Dialysis is unlikely to be effective because selexipag and its active metabolite are highly protein-bound.
11 DESCRIPTION
UPTRAVI (selexipag) is a selective non-prostanoid IP prostacyclin receptor agonist. The chemical name of selexipag is 2-{4-[(5,6-diphenylpyrazin-2-yl)(isopropyl)amino]butoxy}-N-(methylsulfonyl) acetamide. It has a molecular formula of C26H32N4O4S and a molecular weight of 496.62. Selexipag has the following structural formula:
Selexipag is a pale yellow crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water. In the solid state selexipag is very stable, is not hygroscopic, and is not light sensitive.
Depending on the dose strength, each round film-coated tablet for oral administration contains 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1400, or 1600 mcg of selexipag. The tablets include the following inactive ingredients: D-mannitol, corn starch, low substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, and magnesium stearate. The tablets are film coated with a coating material containing hypromellose, propylene glycol, titanium dioxide, carnauba wax along with mixtures of iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow or iron oxide black.
12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
12.1 Mechanism of Action
Selexipag is an oral prostacyclin receptor (IP receptor) agonist that is structurally distinct from prostacyclin. Selexipag is hydrolyzed by carboxylesterase 1 to yield its active metabolite, which is approximately 37-fold as potent as selexipag. Selexipag and the active metabolite are selective for the IP receptor versus other prostanoid receptors (EP1-4, DP, FP and TP).
12.2 Pharmacodynamics
Cardiac electrophysiology:
At the maximum tolerated dose of 1600 mcg twice daily, selexipag does not prolong the QT interval to any clinically relevant extent.
Platelet aggregation:
Both selexipag and its active metabolite caused concentration-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation in vitro with an IC50 of 5.5 µM and 0.21 µM, respectively. However, at clinically relevant concentrations, there was no effect on platelet aggregation test parameters as seen following multiple-dose administrations of selexipag in healthy subjects from 400 mcg up to 1800 mcg twice daily.
Pulmonary hemodynamics:
A Phase 2 clinical study assessed hemodynamic variables after 17 weeks of treatment in patients with PAH WHO Functional Class II–III and concomitantly receiving endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) and/or phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors. Patients titrating selexipag to an individually tolerated dose (200 mcg twice daily increments up to 800 mcg twice daily) (N=33) achieved a statistically-significant mean reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance of 30.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] −44.7%, −12.2%) and an increase in cardiac index (median treatment effect) of 0.41 L/min/m2 (95% CI 0.10, 0.71) compared to placebo (N=10).
Drug interaction:
In a study in healthy subjects, selexipag (400 mcg twice a day) did not influence the pharmacodynamic effect of warfarin on the international normalized ratio.
12.3 Pharmacokinetics
The pharmacokinetics of selexipag and its active metabolite have been studied primarily in healthy subjects. The pharmacokinetics of selexipag and the active metabolite, after both single- and multiple-dose administration, were dose-proportional up to a single dose of 800 mcg and multiple doses of up to 1800 mcg twice daily. No accumulation in plasma, either of parent compound or active metabolite, occurred after multiple-dose administration.
In healthy subjects, inter-subject variability in exposure (area under the curve over a dosing interval, AUC) at steady-state was 43% and 39% for selexipag and the active metabolite, respectively. Intra-subject variability in exposure was 24% and 19% for selexipag and the active metabolite, respectively.
Exposures to selexipag and the active metabolite at steady-state in PAH patients and healthy subjects were similar. The pharmacokinetics of selexipag and the active metabolite in PAH patients were not influenced by the severity of the disease and did not change with time.
Both in healthy subjects and PAH patients, exposure at steady-state to the active metabolite is approximately 3- to 4-fold that of selexipag.
Absorption
Upon oral administration, maximum observed plasma concentrations of selexipag and its active metabolite after oral administration are reached within about 1–3 hours and 3–4 hours, respectively.
In the presence of food, the absorption of selexipag was prolonged resulting in a delayed time to peak concentration (Tmax) and ~30% lower peak plasma concentration (Cmax). The exposure to selexipag and the active metabolite (AUC) did not significantly change in the presence of food.
Distribution
Selexipag and its active metabolite are highly bound to plasma proteins (approximately 99% in total and to the same extent to albumin and alpha1-acid glycoprotein).
Metabolism
Selexipag undergoes enzymatic hydrolysis of the acylsulfonamide by hepatic carboxylesterase 1, to yield the active metabolite. Oxidative metabolism catalyzed by CYP3A4 and CYP2C8 leads to the formation of hydroxylated and dealkylated products. UGT1A3 and UGT2B7 are involved in the glucuronidation of the active metabolite. Except for the active metabolite, none of the circulating metabolites in human plasma exceeds 3% of the total drug-related material.
Elimination
Elimination of selexipag is predominately via metabolism with a mean terminal half-life of 0.8-2.5 hours. The active metabolite has a terminal half-life of 6.2-13.5 hours. The apparent oral clearance of selexipag is on average 35 L/hour.
Excretion
In a study in healthy subjects with radiolabeled selexipag, approximately 93% of radioactive drug material was eliminated in feces and only 12% in urine. Neither selexipag nor its active metabolite were found in urine.
Specific Populations:
No clinically relevant effects of sex, race, age or body weight on the pharmacokinetics of selexipag and its active metabolite have been observed in healthy subjects or PAH patients.
Age:
The pharmacokinetic variables (Cmax and AUC) were similar in adult and elderly subjects up to 75 years of age. There was no effect of age on the pharmacokinetics of selexipag and the active metabolite in PAH patients.
Hepatic Impairment:
In subjects with mild (Child-Pugh class A) or moderate (Child-Pugh class B) hepatic impairment, exposure to selexipag was 2- and 4-fold that seen in healthy subjects. Exposure to the active metabolite of selexipag remained almost unchanged in subjects with mild hepatic impairment and was doubled in subjects with moderate hepatic impairment. [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].
Baed on pharmacokinetic modeling of data from a study in subjects with hepatic impairment, the exposure to the active metabolite at steady state in subjects with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class B) after a once daily regimen is expected to be similar to that in healthy subjects receiving a twice daily regimen. The exposure to selexipag at steady state in these patients during a once daily regimen is predicted to be approximately 2-fold that seen in healthy subjects receiving a twice-daily regimen.
Renal Impairment:
A 40-70% increase in exposure (maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration-time curve) to selexipag and its active metabolite was observed in subjects with severe renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 and < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2) [see Use in Specific Populations (8.7)].
Drug Interaction Studies:
In vitro studies
Selexipag is hydrolyzed to its active metabolite by hepatic carboxylesterase 1. Selexipag and its active metabolite both undergo oxidative metabolism by CYP2C8 and CYP3A4. The glucuronidation of the active metabolite is catalyzed by UGT1A3 and UGT2B7. Selexipag and its active metabolite are substrates of OATP1B1 and OATP1B3. Selexipag is a substrate of P-gp, and the active metabolite is a substrate of the transporter of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP).
Selexipag and its active metabolite do not inhibit or induce hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes at clinically relevant concentrations. Selexipag and its active metabolite do not inhibit hepatic or renal transport proteins.
The effect of strong inhibitors of CYP2C8 (such as gemfibrozil) on the exposure to selexipag or its active metabolite has not been studied. Concomitant administration with strong inhibitors of CYP2C8 may result in a significant increase in exposure to selexipag and its active metabolite [see Drug Interactions (7.1)].
The results on in vivo drug interaction studies are presented in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Effect of Other Drugs on UPTRAVI and its Active Metabolite (A) and Effect of UPTRAVI on Warfarin (B)
ERA and PDE-5 inhibitor data from GRIPHON.
13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
Carcinogenesis: In the 2-year carcinogenicity studies, chronic oral administration of selexipag revealed no evidence of carcinogenic potential in rats at 100 mg/kg/day and mice at 500 mg/kg/day. The exposures were more than 25-fold human exposure.
Mutagenesis: Selexipag and the active metabolite are not genotoxic on the basis of the overall evidence of conducted genotoxicity studies.
Fertility: The no effect dose for effects on fertility was 60 mg/kg/day in a study in which rats were administered selexipag orally. This dose corresponded to an exposure of 175-times (active metabolite) the human therapeutic exposure.
14 CLINICAL STUDIES
14.1 Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
The effect of selexipag on progression of PAH was demonstrated in a multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, event-driven study (GRIPHON) in 1156 patients with symptomatic (WHO Functional Class I [0.8%], II [46%], III [53%], and IV [1%] ) PAH. Patients were randomized to either placebo (N = 582), or UPTRAVI (N = 574). The dose was increased in weekly intervals by increments of 200 mcg twice a day to the highest tolerated dose up to 1600 mcg twice a day.
The primary study endpoint was the time to first occurrence up to end-of-treatment of: a) death, b) hospitalization for PAH, c) PAH worsening resulting in need for lung transplantation, or balloon atrial septostomy, d) initiation of parenteral prostanoid therapy or chronic oxygen therapy, or e) other disease progression based on a 15% decrease from baseline in 6MWD plus worsening of Functional Class or need for additional PAH-specific therapy.
The mean age was 48 years, the majority of patients were white (65%) and female (80%). Nearly all patients were in WHO Functional Class II and III at baseline.
Idiopathic or heritable PAH was the most common etiology in the study population (58%) followed by PAH associated with connective tissue disease (29%), PAH associated with congenital heart disease with repaired shunts (10%), drugs and toxins (2%), and HIV (1%).
At baseline, the majority of enrolled patients (80%) were being treated with a stable dose of an endothelin receptor antagonist (15%), a PDE-5 inhibitor (32%), or both (33%).
Patients on selexipag achieved doses within the following groups: 200 - 400 mcg (23%), 600 - 1000 mcg (31%) and 1200 - 1600 mcg (43%).
Treatment with UPTRAVI resulted in a 40% reduction (99% CI: 22 to 54%; two-sided log-rank p-value < 0.0001) of the occurrence of primary endpoint events compared to placebo (Table 2; Figure 2). The beneficial effect of UPTRAVI was primarily attributable to a reduction in hospitalization for PAH and a reduction in other disease progression events (Table 2). The observed benefit of UPTRAVI was similar regardless of the dose achieved when patients are titrated to their highest tolerated dose [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].
Figure 2 Kaplan-Meier Estimates of the First Morbidity-Mortality Event in GRIPHON
Table 2 Primary Endpoints and Related Components in GRIPHON
UPTRAVI N=574 |
Placebo N=582 |
Hazard Ratio (99% CI) |
p-value | |||
n | % | n | % | |||
Primary endpoint events up to the end of treatment | ||||||
All primary endpoint events | 155 | 27.0 | 242 | 41.6 | 0.60 [0.46,0.78] | <0.0001 |
As first event: | ||||||
Hospitalization for PAH | 78 | 13.6 | 109 | 18.7 | ||
Other disease Progression (Decrease in 6MWD plus worsening functional class or need for other therapy) |
38 | 6.6 | 100 | 17.2 | ||
Death | 28 | 4.9 | 18 | 3.1 | ||
Parenteral prostanoid or chronic oxygen therapy |
10 | 1.7 | 13 | 2.2 | ||
PAH worsening resulting in need for lung transplantation or balloon atrial septostomy |
1 | 0.2 | 2 | 0.3 |
It is not known if the excess number of deaths in the selexipag group is drug-related because there were so few deaths and the imbalance was not observed until 18 months into GRIPHON.
Figures 3A, B and C show time to first event analyses for primary endpoint components of hospitalization for PAH (A), other disease progression (B), and death (C)—all censored 7 days after any primary end point event (because many patients on placebo transitioned to open-label UPTRAVI at this point).
Figure 3 A Hospitalization for PAH as the First Endpoint in GRIPHON
Figure 3B Disease Progression as the First Endpoint in GRIPHON
Figure 3 C Death as the First Endpoint in GRIPHON
The treatment effect of UPTRAVI on time to first primary event was consistent irrespective of background PAH therapy (i.e., in combination with ERA, PDE5i, or both, or without background therapy) (Figure 4).
Figure 4 Subgroup Analyses of the Primary Endpoint in GRIPHON
Note: Race group “Other” is not displayed in analysis, as the population is less than 30. EU = Number of UPTRAVI patients with events, NU = Number of patients randomized to UPTRAVI, EP = Number of Placebo patients with events, NP = Number of patients randomized to Placebo, HR = Hazard Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval, the size of the squares represent the number of patients in the subgroup.
Note: The figure above presents effects in various subgroups all of which are baseline characteristics and all were pre-specified. The 99% confidence limits that are shown do not take into account how many comparisons were made, nor do they reflect the effect of a particular factor after adjustment for all other factors. Apparent homogeneity or heterogeneity among groups should not be over-interpreted.
6-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD)
Exercise capacity was evaluated as a secondary endpoint. Median absolute change from baseline to week 26 in 6MWD measured at trough (i.e. at approximately 12 hours post-dose) was +4 meters with UPTRAVI and -9 meters in the placebo group. This resulted in a placebo-corrected median treatment effect of 12 meters (99% CI: 1, 24 meters;two-sided p = 0.005).
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING
UPTRAVI (selexipag) film-coated, round tablets are supplied in the following configurations:
Strength (mcg) |
Color | Debossing |
NDC-XXX Bottle of 60 |
NDC-XXX Bottle of 140 |
---|---|---|---|---|
200 | Light yellow | 2 | 66215-602-06 | 66215-602-14 |
400 | Red | 4 | 66215-604-06 | Not Applicable |
600 | Light violet | 6 | 66215-606-06 | Not Applicable |
800 | Green | 8 | 66215-608-06 | Not Applicable |
1000 | Orange | 10 | 66215-610-06 | Not Applicable |
1200 | Dark violet | 12 | 66215-612-06 | Not Applicable |
1400 | Dark yellow | 14 | 66215-614-06 | Not Applicable |
1600 | Brown | 16 | 66215-616-06 | Not Applicable |
UPTRAVI is also supplied in a Titration Pack [NDC 66215-628-20] that includes a 140 count bottle of 200 mcg tablets and a 60 count bottle of 800 mcg tablets.
Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F). Excursions are permitted between 15°C and 30°C (59°F and 86°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature].
17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION
Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Package Insert).
http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a7a23b87-f892-4e2c-8e2e-ebf841220f90