通用中文 | 阿普米司特片 | 通用外文 | apremilast |
品牌中文 | 欧泰乐 | 品牌外文 | Otezla |
其他名称 | |||
公司 | 新基(Celgene) | 产地 | 瑞士(Switzerland) |
含量 | 30mg | 包装 | 56片/瓶 |
剂型给药 | 储存 | 室温 | |
适用范围 | 银屑病关节炎与白塞病相关的口腔溃疡 |
通用中文 | 阿普米司特片 |
通用外文 | apremilast |
品牌中文 | 欧泰乐 |
品牌外文 | Otezla |
其他名称 | |
公司 | 新基(Celgene) |
产地 | 瑞士(Switzerland) |
含量 | 30mg |
包装 | 56片/瓶 |
剂型给药 | |
储存 | 室温 |
适用范围 | 银屑病关节炎与白塞病相关的口腔溃疡 |
以下资料仅供参考
药品使用说明书
商品名称: Otezla
通用名称: apremilast/阿普斯特片
【适 应 症】适用于为治疗有活动性银屑病关节炎的成年患者。
【用法用量】
(1)为减低胃肠道症状,按照以下给药时间表点滴调整至推荐剂量30 mg每天2次。
1)第1天:早晨10 mg
2)第2天:早晨10 mg和傍晚10 mg
3)第3天:早晨10 mg和傍晚20 mg
4)第4天:早晨20 mg和傍晚20 mg
5)第5天:早晨20 mg和傍晚30 mg
6)第6天和其后:30 mg每天2次
(2)在严重肾受损中的剂量:
1)推荐剂量是30 mg每天1次
2)对初始剂量的点滴调整,利用表1中列出仅是早晨时间表和跳过下午剂量
【禁 忌】已知对apremilast或制剂中任何赋形剂超敏性
【不良反应】最常见不良反应(≥ 5%)是腹泻,恶心和头痛
【产品价格】30mg*60片 :
【规 格】片:10 mg,20 mg,30 mg
【包 装】瓶装,60片一瓶
【生产企业】美国Celgene公司。。
Otezla(阿普斯特[apremilast])使用说明书2014年3月版
标签: 阿普斯特[apremilast] 商品名otezla 银屑病关节炎 磷酸二酯酶4抑制剂 抑制使细胞内camp增加 |
分类: 药物使用说明书 |
Otezla(阿普斯特[apremilast])使用说明书2014年3月版
美国FDA药物评价和研究中心的药物评价II部办公室主任Curtis Rosebraugh,M.D.,M.P.H.说:“对于有活动性银屑病关节炎患者重要治疗目标是缓解疼痛和炎症和改善身体机能,”“Otezla为患这种疾病患者提供一种新的治疗选择。”
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/205437s000lbl.pdf
处方资料重点
这些重点不包括安全和有效使用Otezla所需所有资料。请参阅Otezla完整处方资料。
Otezla®(apremilast)片,为口服使用
美国初始批准:2014
适应证和用途
Otezla,一种磷酸二酯酶-4(PDE-4)的抑制剂,是适用于为治疗有活动性银屑病关节炎的成年患者(1.1)
剂量和给药方法
(1)为减低胃肠道症状,按照以下给药时间表点滴调整至推荐剂量30 mg每天2次(2.1)。
1)第1天:早晨10 mg
2)第2天:早晨10 mg和傍晚10 mg
3)第3天:早晨10 mg和傍晚20 mg
4)第4天:早晨20 mg和傍晚20 mg
5)第5天:早晨20 mg和傍晚30 mg
6)第6天和其后:30 mg每天2次
(2)在严重肾受损中的剂量:
1)推荐剂量是30 mg每天1次 (2.1)
2)对初始剂量的点滴调整,利用表1中列出仅是早晨时间表和跳过下午剂量 (2.2)
剂型和规格
片:10 mg,20 mg,30 mg (3)
禁忌证
已知对apremilast或制剂中任何赋形剂超敏性 (3)
警告和注意事项
(1)抑郁:忠告患者,其护理人员,和家属警戒抑郁,自杀想法或其他情绪变化和如果这类变化发生时联系其卫生保健提供者。有抑郁和/或自杀想法或行为史患者中小心权衡用Otezla治疗的风险和获益。(5.1)
(2)体重减轻 :定期监视体重,如发生不能解释或临床意义体重减轻,评价体重减轻和考虑终止Otezla。(5.2)
(3)药物相互作用:不建议食用强细胞色素P450酶诱导剂(如利福平[rifampin],苯巴比妥[phenobarbital],卡马西平[carbamazepine],苯妥英[phenytoin])因为可能发生丧失疗效。(5.3,7.1)
不良反应
最常见不良反应(≥ 5%)是腹泻,恶心和头痛(6.1)
报告怀疑不良反应。联系Celegene公司电话1-888-423-5436或FDA电话1-800-FDA-1088或www.fda.gov/medwatch
特殊人群中使用
严重肾受损:曾观察到增加Otezla全身暴露,建议减低剂量至30 mg每天1次 (2.2,8.6)
完整处方资料
1 适应证和用途
Otezla是适用于为治疗有活动性银屑病关节炎的成年患者。
2 剂量和给药方法
2.1 在银屑病关节炎中剂量
表1中显示Otezla的从第1天至第5天点滴调整推荐初始剂量。在5-天点滴调整后推荐的维持剂量从第6天开始口服30 mg每天2次。这个点滴调整是意向是减低与初始治疗关联的胃肠道症状。
可不管进餐给予Otezla,不要粉碎,裂开,或咀嚼药片。
2.2 有严重肾受损患者中剂量调整
在有严重肾受损患者中(肌酐清除率(CLcr)用Cockroft-Gault方程估算低于30 mL/min) Otezla的剂量应减低至30 mg每天1次[见在特殊人群中使用(8.6)和临床药理学(12.3)]。在这个组中对初始剂量点滴调整,建议只滴定调整表1中列出的上午(AM)时间表而跳过下午(PM)剂量。
3 剂型和规格
可得到以下剂量强度菱形,薄膜衣Otezla片:
10 mg粉红色片在一侧刻有“APR”和另一侧“10”
20 mg棕色片在一侧刻有“APR”和另一侧“20”
30 mg米色片在一侧刻有“APR”和另一侧“30”。
4 禁忌证
已知对apremilast或制剂中任何赋形剂超敏性患者中禁忌Otezla [见不良反应(6.1)]
5 警告和注意事项
5.1 抑郁
用OTEZLA治疗抑郁不良反应增加有关联。在3项对照临床试验安慰剂-对照期0至16周阶段,用OTEZLA治疗患者1.0%(10/998)报道抑郁或抑郁情绪与之比较用安慰剂治疗为0.8%(4/495)。临床试验期间,用OTEZLA治疗患者0.3%(4/1441)由于抑郁或抑郁情绪终止治疗相比较安慰剂治疗患者无(0/495)。暴露至OTEZLA患者0.2%(3/1441)报道抑郁为严重,相比安慰剂治疗患者为无(0/495)。接受OTEZLA患者0.2%(3/1441)曾观察到自杀意念和行为实例而相比安慰剂治疗患者无(0/495)。在临床试验中,接受安慰剂两例患者自杀致死相比较OTEZLA治疗患者中无。
在有抑郁和/或自杀想法或行为史患者使用OTEZLA前处方者应仔细权衡在这类患者中用OTEZLA治疗的风险和获益。患者,其护理人员,和家属应被忠告需要警戒抑郁,自杀想法或其他情绪变化的出现或恶化,和如发生这类变化联系其卫生保健提供者。如果事件发生处方者应仔细评价继续用OTEZLA风险和获益。
5.2 体重减轻
在研究的对照阶段时,在10%(49/497)的用30 mg每天2次OTEZLA治疗患者报道体重减轻5-10%间与之比较用安慰剂治疗为3.3%(16/495)[见不良反应(6.1)]。用OTEZLA治疗患者应定期监视其体重。如发生不能解释或临床意义的体重减轻,应评价体重减轻,和考虑终止OTEZLA。
5.3 药物相互作用
强细胞色素P450酶诱导剂,利福平[rifampin]的共同给药,导致替普司特全身暴露减低,可能导致OTEZLA丧失疗效。因此,不建议细胞色素450酶诱导剂 (如利福平,苯巴比妥[phenobarbital],卡马西平[carbamazepine],苯妥英[phenytoin])与OTEZLA的使用。[见药物相互作用(7.1)和临床药理学(12.3)]。
6 不良反应
6.1 银屑病关节炎中临床试验经验
因为临床试验是在广泛不同情况下进行的,临床试验观察到不良反应率不能与另一种药临床试验发生率直接比较而且可能不反映实践中观察到的发生率。
在3项相似设计的多中心,随机化,双盲,安慰剂-对照试验[研究PsA-1,PsA-2,和PsA-3]在有活动性银屑病关节炎成年患者中评价OTEZLA[见临床研究(14.1)]。跨越3项研究,有1493例患者等同地随机化至安慰剂,OTEZLA 20 mg每天2次或OTEZLA 30 mg每天2次。在头5天期间使用点滴调整[见剂量和给药方法(2.1)]。在第16周时,触痛和肿胀关节计数没有改善至少20%安慰剂患者在盲态方式以1:1被再次-随机化至或OTEZLA 20 mg每天2次或30 mg每天2次 而OTEZLA患者维持用他们的初始治疗。患者年龄范围从18至83岁,有总体中位年龄51岁。
在表2中展示发生在治疗的头两周内最常见不良反应的大多数和趋向于随时间与继续给药而解决。腹泻,头痛,和恶心是最长报道的不良反应。最常见不良反应导致终止患者服用OTEZLA 是恶心(1.8%),腹泻(1.8%),和头痛(1.2%)。对服用OTEZLA 30 mg每天2次患者由于任何不良反应终止治疗有银屑病关节炎患者比例是4.6%和对安慰剂-治疗患者为1.2%。
临床研究用OTEZLA患者中包括延伸研究其他报道的不良反应:
免疫系统疾病: 超敏性
研究: 体重减轻
胃肠道疾病: 频繁排便,胃食道返流疾病,消化不良
代谢和营养疾病: 食欲减退*
神经系统疾病: 偏头痛
呼吸,胸,和纵隔疾病: 咳嗽
皮肤和皮下组织疾病: 皮疹
*1例患者用OTEZLA 30 mg每天2次治疗经受严重不良反应。
7 药物相互作用
7.1 强CYP 450诱导剂
阿普斯特暴露被减低当OTEZLA是与强CYP450诱导剂(例如利福平)共同给药和可能导致丧失疗效[见警告和注意事项(5.3)和临床药理学(12.3)]。
8 在特殊人群中使用
8.1 妊娠
妊娠类别C:
妊娠暴露注册
有一个妊娠暴露注册监视妊娠期间暴露于OTEZLA妇女的结局。关于注册的信息通过电话1-877-311-8972可得到。
风险总结
在妊娠妇女中未曾进行用OTEZLA适当和对照良好研究。在动物胚胎胎儿发育研究中,在器官形成期阿普斯特给予剂量暴露为最大推荐人治疗剂量(MRHD)的2.1-倍食蟹猴导致剂量-相关的流产/胚胎-胎儿死亡增加和在一个暴露MRHD的1.4-倍时无不良效应。在小鼠中,暴露直至MRHD的4.0-倍没有阿普斯特诱导的畸形。尚未在人中对OTEZLA确定畸形和妊娠丢失。但是,所有妊娠,不管药物暴露,有主要畸形背景率2至4%,和对妊娠丢失15至20%。只有潜在获益胜过对胎儿潜在风险才应在妊娠期间使用OTEZLA。
临床考虑
生产或分娩
不知道在妊娠妇女中OTEZLA对生产和分娩发影响。在小鼠中,阿普斯特的剂量相当于≥MRHD(在AUC基础上在剂量≥80 mg/kg/day)的4.0-倍时注意有难产。
动物数据
猴胚胎-胎儿发育:在一项胚胎-胎儿发育研究中,食蟹猴在器官形成期时(妊娠第20天至第50天)被给予阿普斯特在剂量20,50,200,或1000 mg/kg/day,有剂量-相关的自发性流产增加,在第一个三个月[first trimester]的第3至第4周时发生最多流产,在剂量约MRHD和更大时(在AUC基础上在剂量≥50 mg/kg/day)2.1倍时流产增加。在剂量约MRHD1.4-倍(在AUC基础上剂量20 mg/kg/day)时未观察到流产效应。虽然,当在第100天监察室在剂量20 mg/kg/day和更大没有畸形证据,未检查流产胎儿。
小鼠胚胎-胎儿发育:在一项胚胎-胎儿发育研究,在器官形成期时(妊娠第6天至第15天)阿普斯特被给予母兽剂量250,500,或750 mg/kg/day。在一项联合生育力和胚胎-胎儿发育研究,同居前15天开始阿普斯特被给予在剂量10,20,40或80 mg/kg/day和继续至妊娠第15天。在任一项研究未观察到归结于阿普斯特的畸形发现;但是,在剂量相同于全身暴露MRHD和更大(≥20 mg/kg/day)的2.3-倍时植入后丢失增加。在剂量≥20 mg/kg/day颅骨变异包括跗骨,颅骨,胸骨节和椎骨的不完全骨化部位。在剂量约MRHD(10 mg/kg/day) 1.3-倍时未观察到效应。
小鼠产前和产后发育:在一项产前和产后研究中,阿普斯特被给予妊娠雌性小鼠在剂量10,80,或300 mg/kg/day从妊娠第6天至哺乳第20天,与第21天断奶。在剂量相当于≥MRHD (在AUC基础上在剂量≥80 mg/kg/day)的4.0-倍时难产,生存力减低,和出生体重减低。在剂量MRHD(10 mg/kg/day)的1.3-倍时未发生不良效应。在剂量为MRHD的7.5-倍(在AUC基础上在剂量300 mg/kg/day),在子代中没有身体发育,行为,学习能力,免疫能力,或生育力功能受损的证据。
8.3 哺乳母亲
不知道OTEZLA或其代谢物是否存在于人乳汁中;但是在哺乳小鼠乳汁中检测到阿普斯特。因为许多药物存在于人乳汁,当OTEZLA被给予哺乳妇女应小心对待。
8.4 儿童使用
尚未确定在小于18岁儿童患者中OTEZLA的安全性和有效性。
8.5 老年人使用
在1493例纳入研究PsA-1,PsA-2,和PsA-3患者中总共146例银屑病关节炎患者为65岁和以上,包括19患者75岁和以上。在临床研究中≥65岁和< 65 岁较年轻成年患者未观察到安全性图形的总体差别。
8.6 肾受损
在有轻度(用Cockroft–Gault方程估算肌酐清除率60-89 mL每分)或中度(用Cockroft–Gault方程估算肌酐清除率30-59 mL每分)肾受损受试者中描述OTEZLA药代动力学的特征。在有严重肾受损(用Cockroft–Gault方程估算肌酐清除率小于30 mL每分)患者中OTEZLA的剂量应减低至30 mg每天1次[见剂量和给药方法(2.2)和临床药理学(12.3)]。
8.7 肝受损
未描述有中度(Child Pugh B)和严重(Child Pugh C)肝受损受试者中阿普斯特药代动力学特征。在这些患者中无需调整剂量。
10 药物过量
在过量情况中,患者应寻求立即医疗帮助。如有过量患者应通过对症和支持医护处理。
11 一般描述
Otezla片中活性成分是阿普斯特[apremilast]。阿普斯特是一种磷酸二酯酶4(PDE4)抑制剂。已知阿普斯特化学上为N-[2-[(1S)-1-(3ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-1H-isoindol-4-yl]acetamide。经验式为C22H24N2O7S和分子量460.5。化学结构式为:
Otezla片以10,20,和30 mg强度为口服给药供应。每片含阿普斯特为活性成分和以下无活性成分:一水乳糖,微晶纤维素,交联羧甲基纤维素钠,硬脂酸镁,聚乙烯醇,二氧化钛,聚乙二醇,滑石,氧化铁红,氧化铁黄(仅20和30 mg)和氧化铁黑(仅30 mg)。
12 临床药理学
12.1 作用机制
阿普斯特是一种小分子磷酸二酯酶4(PDE4)抑制剂对环单磷酸腺苷(cAMP)特异性。PDE4抑制作用导致细胞内cAMP水平增加。阿普斯特在银屑病关节炎发挥的治疗作用的特异性机制尚未明确确定。
12.3 药代动力学
吸收
阿普斯特口服时被吸收有绝对生物利用度~73%与血浆峰浓度发生在中位时间(tmax)~2,5小时。与食物同时给药不改变阿普斯特的吸收程度。
分布
人血浆蛋白结合阿普斯特约68%。平均表观分布容积(Vd)是87 L。
代谢
在人中口服给药后,阿普斯特是循环中主要成分(45%)其次是无活性代谢物M12(39%),一个O-去甲基阿普斯特的葡萄糖醛酸结合物。药物在人中被广泛代谢,在血浆,尿和粪中被鉴定23个代谢物。阿普斯特被细胞色素(CYP)氧化代谢与随后葡萄糖醛酸结合和非-CYP介导水解。在体外,替普司特主要通过CYP3A4和来自CYP1A2和CYP2A6的CYP代谢。
消除
在健康受试者中阿普斯特的血浆清除率约为10 L/hr,有末端半衰期约6-9小时。口服放射性标记阿普斯特后,在尿和粪中分别回收约58%和39%的放射性,在尿和粪中以阿普斯特回收的放射性剂量分别约3%和7%。
特殊人群
肝受损:中度或严重肝受损不影响阿普斯特的药代动力学。
肾受损:在8例有严重肝受损受试者给予单次30 mg阿普斯特,阿普斯特的AUC和Cmax分别增加约88%和42%。[见特殊人群中使用(8.6)和剂量和给药方法(2.2]。
年龄:在年轻成年和老年健康受试者中研究口服给予单剂量30 mg阿普斯特。老年受试者(65至85岁)中阿普斯特的暴露与年轻受试者(18至55岁)比较AUC较高约13%而Cmax较高6%[见特殊人群中使用(8.5)]。
性别:在健康志愿者中药代动力学研究,在女性中暴露程度与男性比较较高31%而Cmax较高8%。
种族和民族:在中国和日本健康男性受试者中阿普斯特的药代动力学研究与高加索健康男性受试者有可比性。此外,在西班牙裔高加索人,非西班牙裔高加索人,和非洲美国人阿普斯特的暴露相似。
药物相互作用
体外数据:阿普斯特不是CYP1A2,CYP2A6,CYP2B6,CYP2C8,CYP2C9,CYP2C19,CYP2D6,CYP2E1,或CYP3A4的抑制剂而且也不是CYP1A2,CYP2B6,CYP2C9,CYP2C19,或CYP3A4的诱导剂。阿普斯特是一种底物,不是P-糖蛋白(P-gp)的抑制剂和不是有机阴离子转运蛋白(OAT)1和OAT3的抑制剂,有机阳离子转运蛋白(OCT)2,有机阴离子转运多肽(OATP)1B1和(OATP)1B3或乳癌耐药蛋白(BCRP)的抑制剂。
用阿普斯特和CYP3A4底物(含炔雌醇[ethinyl estradiol]和诺孕酯[norgestimate]口服避孕药),CYP3A4和P-gp抑制剂(酮康唑[ketonazole]),CYP 450诱导剂利福平[rifampin]和在这个患者群经常共同给药药物氨甲喋呤[methotrexate]进行药物相互作用研究。
当30 mg口服阿普斯特与或口服避孕药,酮康唑,或氨甲喋呤给药时未观察到显著药代动力学相互作用。CYP 450诱导剂利福平(600 mg每天1次共15天)与单次口服剂量30 mg阿普斯特共同给药导致阿普斯特的AUC和Cmax分别减低72%和43%[见警告和注意事项(5.3)和药物相互作用(7.1)]。
13 非临床毒理学
13.1 癌发生,突变发生,生育力受损
在小鼠和大鼠中用阿普斯特进行长期研究平均其致癌性潜能。小鼠在口服剂量至在AUC基础上MRHD的8.8倍(1000 mg/kg/day)或大鼠口服剂量至MRHD的(在雄性20 mg/kg/day和雌性3 mg/kg/day)分别约0.08和1.1倍时均未观察到阿普斯特诱导肿瘤的证据。
在Ames试验中,在人外周血淋巴细胞体外染色体畸变试验,和在体内小鼠微核试验中阿普斯特检验为阴性。
在一项雄性小鼠生育力研究中,阿普斯特在口服剂量基于AUC为(至50 mg/kg/day)MRHD的约3-倍对雄性生育力不产生影响。在一项雌性小鼠生育力研究中,阿普斯特在口服剂量10,20,40,或80 mg/kg/day,在MRHD ≥ 1.8-倍时动情周期延长,由于动情间期延长导致较长间隔直至交配。小鼠在剂量20 mg/kg/day和以上成为妊娠还有早期植入后丢失率增加。阿普斯特的无效应剂量约比MRHD的1.0-倍(10 mg/kg/day)。
14 临床研究
14.1 在银屑病关节炎患者中临床研究
在3项相似设计的多中心,随机,双盲,安慰剂-对照试验(研究PsA-1,PsA-2和PsA-3)中评价Otezla的安全性和疗效。总共1493例有活动性银屑病关节炎[PsA]成年患者(≥ 3个肿胀关节和≥3个触痛关节)尽管以前或当前用疾病修饰抗风湿药物(DMARD)治疗被随机化。纳入这些研究的患者有PsA诊断至少6个月。研究PsA-3中要求一个合格的银屑病皮肤病变至少2 cm直径。以前治疗允许使用一种生物制品,包括肿瘤坏死因子[TNF]-阻断剂(至可能是10%TNF阻断剂治疗失败)。跨越3项研究患者被随机赋予安慰剂(n=496),Otezla 20 mg(n=500)或Otezla 30 mg(n=497)口服给予每天2次。在头5天使用点滴调整[见剂量和给药方法(2.1)]。试验期间患者被允许接受稳定剂量的同时氨甲喋呤[MTX (≤ 25 mg/周)],柳氮磺吡啶[sulfasalazine,SSZ(≤ 2 g/day)],来氟米特[leflunomide,LEF(≤ 20 mg/day)],低剂量口服皮质激素(等同于≤ 10 mg 泼尼松[prednisone]一天),和/或非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)。在研究PsA-1,PsA-2和PsA-3中根据在基线时使用的小分子DMARD治疗赋予被分层。在PsA-3研究中还有银屑病>3 %体表面积BSA另外分层。排除对PsA (小分子或生物制品) >3个药物,或> 1个生物制品TNF阻断剂治疗失败的患者。
主要终点是在第16周实现美国风湿病协会(ACR)20反应患者的百分率。安慰剂-对照疗效数据被收集和分析至第24周。在第16周时患者触痛和肿胀关节计数的改善没有至少20%被考虑为非反应者。安慰剂组的非反应者点滴调整时间表后被再次被盲态以1:1随机化至Otezla 20 mg每天2次或30 mg每天2次[见剂量和给药方法(2.1)]。Otezla患者维持其初始治疗。在第24周时,所有其余安慰剂患者被再次随机化至Otezla 20 mg每天2次或30 mg每天2次。
跨越三项研究纳入有PsA亚型的患者,包括对称多关节炎[symmetric polyarthritis](62.0%),不对称寡关节炎[asymmetric oligoarthritis](27.0%),远端指间关节(DIP distal interphalangeal joint)关节炎(6.0%),破坏性关节炎[arthritis mutilans](3.0%),和主要脊柱炎[predominant spondylitis](2.1%)。银屑病关节炎PsA疾病中位时间为5年。患者接受同时治疗有至少一种DMARD (65.0%),MTX (55.0%),SSZ (9.0%),LEF (7.0%),低剂量口服皮质激素(14.0%),和NSAIDs(71.0%)。76.0%患者报道以前只用小分子DMARDs和22.0%患者报道以前用生物制品DMARDs治疗,其中报道9.0%患者以前生物制品DMARD治疗失败。
银屑病关节炎患者的临床反应
在下面表3中展示在研究PsA-1,PsA-2,和PsA-3中实现ACR 20,50 和70反应患者的百分率。OTEZLA ± DMARDs,与安慰剂 ± DMARDs比较导致银屑病关节炎体征和症状更大改善如 通过在第16周时有ACR 20反应患者比例证实。
研究PsA-1中OTEZLA 30 mg每天2次导致在第16周时与安慰剂比较各ACR组分改善(表4)。在研究PsA-2和PsA-3观察到一致结果。
用OTEZLA治疗导致在有预先存在指炎或附着点炎患者中指炎和附着点炎改善。
身体功能反应
在研究PsA-1中OTEZLA 30 mg每天2次与安慰剂比较显示在第16周对残疾指数健康评估问卷(HAQ-DI)评分从基线均数变化更大改善[分别-0.244相比-0.086;差别的95% CI为(0.26,-0.06)]。在研究PsA-1在第16周HAQ-反应者的比例(从基线改善≥0.3)对OTEZLA 30 mg每天2次组为38%,与安慰剂组27%比较。研究PsA-2 和PsA-3观察到一致结果。
16 如何供应/贮存和处理
可得到以下剂量强度的菱形薄膜衣片OTEZLA:10 mg粉红色片在一侧刻有“APR”和另一侧“10”;20 mg 棕色片在一侧刻有“APR”和另一侧“20”;30 mg米黄色片在一侧刻有“APR”和另一侧“30”。
按下列强度和包装结构供应片
贮存和处置
片贮存在低于30°C (86°F)。
17 患者咨询资料
●抑郁
有抑郁和/或自杀想法或行为史患者使用OTEZLA前处方者应仔细权衡在这类患者用OTEZLA 治疗的风险和获益。患者,其护理人员,和家属应被忠告需要警戒抑郁,自杀想法或其他情绪变化,和如这类变化发生联系其卫生保健提供者。如果这类事件发生,处方者应仔细评价继续用OTEZLA治疗的风险和获益。[见警告和注意事项(5.1)]。
● 体重减轻
用OTEZLA治疗患者应定期监测体重。如发生不能解释或临床意义的体重丢失,应评价体重丢失,和应考虑终止OTEZLA。[见警告和注意事项(5.2)]
● 药物相互作用
不建议使用强细胞色素P450酶诱导剂(如利福平,苯巴比妥,卡马西平,苯妥英)与OTEZLA。[见警告和注意事项(5.3),药物相互作用(7.1),和临床药理学(12.3)]。
● 指导患者只服用处方的OTEZLA。
● 忠告患者OTEZLA可有或无食物服用。
● 忠告患者不应粉碎,裂开,或咀嚼。
● 忠告患者关于与OTEZLA关联副作用。[见不良反应(6.1)]。。
Generic Name: apremilast
Dosage Form: tablet, film coated
Otezla is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with active psoriatic arthritis.
Otezla is indicated for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis who are candidates for phototherapy or systemic therapy.
The recommended initial dosage titration of Otezla from Day 1 to Day 5 is shown in Table 1. Following the 5-day titration, the recommended maintenance dosage is 30 mg twice daily taken orally starting on Day 6. This titration is intended to reduce the gastrointestinal symptoms associated with initial therapy.
Otezla can be administered without regard to meals. Do not crush, split, or chew the tablets.
Table 1: Dosage Titration Schedule |
||||||||||
Day 1 |
Day 2 |
Day 3 |
Day 4 |
Day 5 |
Day 6 |
|||||
AM |
AM |
PM |
AM |
PM |
AM |
PM |
AM |
PM |
AM |
PM |
10 mg |
10 mg |
10 mg |
10 mg |
20 mg |
20 mg |
20 mg |
20 mg |
30 mg |
30 mg |
30 mg |
Otezla dosage should be reduced to 30 mg once daily in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance (CLcr) of less than 30 mL per minute estimated by the Cockcroft–Gault equation) [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. For initial dosage titration in this group, it is recommended that Otezla be titrated using only the AM schedule listed in Table 1 and the PM doses be skipped.
Otezla is available as diamond shaped, film coated tablets in the following dosage strengths:
10-mg pink tablet engraved with “APR” on one side and “10” on the other side20-mg brown tablet engraved with “APR” on one side and “20” on the other side30-mg beige tablet engraved with “APR” on one side and “30” on the other side.Otezla is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to apremilast or to any of the excipients in the formulation [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].
There have been postmarketing reports of severe diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting associated with the use of Otezla. Most events occurred within the first few weeks of treatment. In some cases patients were hospitalized. Patients 65 years of age or older and patients taking medications that can lead to volume depletion or hypotension may be at a higher risk of complications from severe diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting. Monitor patients who are more susceptible to complications of diarrhea or vomiting. Patients who reduced dosage or discontinued Otezla generally improved quickly. Consider Otezla dose reduction or suspension if patients develop severe diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting.
Treatment with Otezla is associated with an increase in adverse reactions of depression. Before using Otezla in patients with a history of depression and/or suicidal thoughts or behavior prescribers should carefully weigh the risks and benefits of treatment with Otezla in such patients. Patients, their caregivers, and families should be advised of the need to be alert for the emergence or worsening of depression, suicidal thoughts or other mood changes, and if such changes occur to contact their healthcare provider. Prescribers should carefully evaluate the risks and benefits of continuing treatment with Otezla if such events occur.
Psoriatic arthritis: During the 0 to 16 week placebo-controlled period of the 3 controlled clinical trials, 1.0% (10/998) of subjects treated with Otezla reported depression or depressed mood compared to 0.8% (4/495) treated with placebo. During the clinical trials, 0.3% (4/1441) of subjects treated with Otezla discontinued treatment due to depression or depressed mood compared with none in placebo treated subjects (0/495). Depression was reported as serious in 0.2% (3/1441) of subjects exposed to Otezla, compared to none in placebo-treated subjects (0/495). Instances of suicidal ideation and behavior have been observed in 0.2% (3/1441) of subjects while receiving Otezla, compared to none in placebo treated subjects (0/495). In the clinical trials, 2 subjects who received placebo committed suicide compared to none in Otezla-treated subjects.
Psoriasis: During the 0 to 16 week placebo-controlled period of the 3 controlled clinical trials, 1.3% (12/920) of subjects treated with Otezla reported depression compared to 0.4% (2/506) treated with placebo. During the clinical trials, 0.1% (1/1308) of subjects treated with Otezla discontinued treatment due to depression compared with none in placebo-treated subjects (0/506). Depression was reported as serious in 0.1% (1/1308) of subjects exposed to Otezla, compared to none in placebo-treated subjects (0/506). Instances of suicidal behavior have been observed in 0.1% (1/1308) of subjects while receiving Otezla, compared to 0.2% (1/506) in placebo-treated subjects. In the clinical trials, one subject treated with Otezla attempted suicide while one who received placebo committed suicide.
During the controlled period of the studies in psoriatic arthritis (PsA), weight decrease between 5%-10% of body weight was reported in 10% (49/497) of subjects treated with Otezla 30 mg twice daily compared to 3.3% (16/495) treated with placebo [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].
During the controlled period of the trials in psoriasis, weight decrease between 5%-10% of body weight occurred in 12% (96/784) of subjects treated with Otezla compared to 5% (19/382) treated with placebo. Weight decrease of ≥10% of body weight occurred in 2% (16/784) of subjects treated with Otezla 30 mg twice daily compared to 1% (3/382) subjects treated with placebo.
Patients treated with Otezla should have their weight monitored regularly. If unexplained or clinically significant weight loss occurs, weight loss should be evaluated, and discontinuation of Otezla should be considered.
Co-administration of strong cytochrome P450 enzyme inducer, rifampin, resulted in a reduction of systemic exposure of apremilast, which may result in a loss of efficacy of Otezla. Therefore, the use of cytochrome P450 enzyme inducers (e.g., rifampin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, phenytoin) with Otezla is not recommended [see Drug Interactions (7.1) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.
Psoriatic Arthritis Clinical Trials
Otezla was evaluated in 3 multicenter, randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled trials [Studies PsA-1, PsA-2, and PsA-3] of similar design
in adult patients with active psoriatic arthritis [see Clinical
Studies (14.1)]. Across the 3 studies, there were 1493 patients
randomized equally to placebo, Otezla 20 mg twice daily or Otezla 30 mg twice
daily. Titration was used over the first 5 days [see Dosage and
Administration (2.1)]. Placebo patients whose tender and swollen joint
counts had not improved by at least 20% were re-randomized 1:1 in a blinded
fashion to either Otezla 20 mg twice daily or 30 mg twice daily at week 16
while Otezla patients remained on their initial treatment. Patients ranged in
age from 18 to 83 years, with an overall median age of 51 years.
The majority of the most common adverse reactions presented in Table 2 occurred within the first 2 weeks of treatment and tended to resolve over time with continued dosing. Diarrhea, headache, and nausea were the most commonly reported adverse reactions. The most common adverse reactions leading to discontinuation for patients taking Otezla were nausea (1.8%), diarrhea (1.8%), and headache (1.2%). The proportion of patients with psoriatic arthritis who discontinued treatment due to any adverse reaction was 4.6% for patients taking Otezla 30 mg twice daily and 1.2% for placebo-treated patients.
Table 2: Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥2% of Patients on Otezla 30 mg Twice Daily and ≥1% Than That Observed in Patients on Placebo for up to Day 112 (Week 16) |
||||
a Of the reported gastrointestinal adverse reactions, 1 subject experienced a serious adverse reaction of nausea and vomiting in Otezla 30 mg twice daily; 1 subject treated with Otezla 20 mg twice daily experienced a serious adverse reaction of diarrhea; 1 patient treated with Otezla 30 mg twice daily experienced a serious adverse reaction of headache. |
||||
b Of the reported adverse drug reactions none were serious. |
|
|
||
c n (%) indicates number of patients and percent. |
|
|
|
|
|
Placebo |
Otezla 30 mg BID |
||
Preferred Term |
Day 1 to 5 |
Day 6 to Day 112 |
Day 1 to 5 |
Day 6 to Day 112 |
Diarrheaa |
6 (1.2) |
8 (1.6) |
46 (9.3) |
38 (7.7) |
Nauseaa |
7 (1.4) |
15 (3.1) |
37 (7.4) |
44 (8.9) |
Headachea |
9 (1.8) |
11 (2.2) |
24 (4.8) |
29 (5.9) |
Upper
respiratory tract |
3 (0.6) |
9 (1.8) |
3 (0.6) |
19 (3.9) |
Vomitinga |
2 (0.4) |
2 (0.4) |
4 (0.8) |
16 (3.2) |
Nasopharyngitisb |
1 (0.2) |
8 (1.6) |
1 (0.2) |
13 (2.6) |
Abdominal pain upperb |
0 (0.0) |
1 (0.2) |
3 (0.6) |
10 (2.0) |
Other
adverse reactions reported in patients on Otezla in clinical studies including
extension studies:
Immune system disorders: Hypersensitivity
Investigations: Weight decrease
Gastrointestinal Disorders: Frequent bowel
movement, gastroesophageal reflux disease, dyspepsia
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders: Decreased
appetite*
Nervous System Disorders: Migraine
Respiratory, Thoracic, and Mediastinal Disorders: Cough
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: Rash
*1 patient treated with Otezla 30 mg twice daily experienced a serious adverse
reaction.
Psoriasis Clinical Trials
The safety of Otezla® was assessed in 1426 subjects in 3 randomized,
double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in adult subjects with moderate to
severe plaque psoriasis who were candidates for phototherapy or systemic
therapy. Subjects were randomized to receive Otezla 30 mg twice daily or
placebo twice daily. Titration was used over the first 5 days [see
Dosage and Administration (2.1)]. Subjects ranged in age from 18 to 83 years, with
an overall median age of 46 years.
Diarrhea, nausea, and upper respiratory tract infection were the most commonly reported adverse reactions. The most common adverse reactions leading to discontinuation for subjects taking Otezla were nausea (1.6%), diarrhea (1.0%), and headache (0.8%). The proportion of subjects with psoriasis who discontinued treatment due to any adverse reaction was 6.1% for subjects treated with Otezla 30 mg twice daily and 4.1% for placebo-treated subjects.
Table 3: Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥1% of Subjects on Otezla and With Greater Frequency Than in Subjects on Placebo; up to Day 112 (Week 16) |
||
*Two subjects treated with Otezla experienced serious adverse reaction of abdominal pain. |
||
Preferred Term |
Placebo (N=506) |
Otezla 30 mg BID (N=920) |
Diarrhea |
32 (6) |
160 (17) |
Nausea |
35 (7) |
155 (17) |
Upper respiratory tract infection |
31 (6) |
84 (9) |
Tension headache |
21 (4) |
75 (8) |
Headache |
19 (4) |
55 (6) |
Abdominal pain* |
11 (2) |
39 (4) |
Vomiting |
8 (2) |
35 (4) |
Fatigue |
9 (2) |
29 (3) |
Dyspepsia |
6 (1) |
29 (3) |
Decreased appetite |
5 (1) |
26 (3) |
Insomnia |
4 (1) |
21 (2) |
Back pain |
4 (1) |
20 (2) |
Migraine |
5 (1) |
19 (2) |
Frequent bowel movements |
1 (0) |
17 (2) |
Depression |
2 (0) |
12 (1) |
Bronchitis |
2 (0) |
12 (1) |
Tooth abscess |
0 (0) |
10 (1) |
Folliculitis |
0 (0) |
9 (1) |
Sinus headache |
0 (0) |
9 (1) |
Severe worsening of psoriasis (rebound) occurred in 0.3% (4/1184) subjects following discontinuation of treatment with Otezla.
Apremilast exposure is decreased when Otezla is co-administered with strong CYP450 inducers (such as rifampin) and may result in loss of efficacy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Pregnancy Category C:
Pregnancy
Exposure Registry
There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in
women exposed to Otezla during pregnancy. Information about the registry can be
obtained by calling 1-877-311-8972.
Risk Summary
Adequate and well-controlled studies with Otezla have not been conducted in pregnant women. In animal embryo-fetal development studies, the administration of apremilast to cynomolgus monkeys during organogenesis resulted in dose-related increases in abortion/embryo-fetal death at dose exposures 2.1-times the maximum recommended human therapeutic dose (MRHD) and no adverse effect at an exposure of 1.4-times the MRHD. In mice, there were no apremilast induced malformations up to exposures 4.0-times the MRHD. The incidences of malformations and pregnancy loss in human pregnancies have not been established for Otezla. However, all pregnancies, regardless of drug exposure, have a background rate of 2% to 4% for major malformations, and 15% to 20% for pregnancy loss. Otezla should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
Clinical Considerations
Labor or
delivery
The effects of Otezla on labor and delivery in pregnant women are unknown. In
mice, dystocia was noted at doses corresponding to ≥4.0-times the MRHD (on an
AUC basis at doses ≥80 mg/kg/day) of apremilast.
Animal
Data
Monkey embryo-fetal development: In an
embryo-fetal developmental study, cynomolgus monkeys were administered
apremilast at doses of 20, 50, 200, or 1000 mg/kg/day during the period of
organogenesis (gestation Days 20 through 50). There was a dose-related increase
in spontaneous abortions, with most abortions occurring during weeks 3 to 4 of
dosing in the first trimester, at doses approximately 2.1-times the MRHD and
greater (on an AUC basis at doses ≥50 mg/kg/day). No abortifacient effects were
observed at a dose approximately 1.4-times the MRHD (on an AUC basis at a dose
of 20 mg/kg/day). Although, there was no evidence for a teratogenic effect at
doses of 20 mg/kg/day and greater when examined at day 100, aborted fetuses
were not examined.
Mouse embryo-fetal development: In an embryo-fetal development study, apremilast was administered at doses of 250, 500, or 750 mg/kg/day to dams during organogenesis (gestation Day 6 through 15). In a combined fertility and embryo-fetal development study, apremilast was administered at doses of 10, 20, 40 or 80 mg/kg/day starting 15 days before cohabitation and continuing through gestation Day 15. No teratogenic findings attributed to apremilast were observed in either study; however, there was an increase in postimplantation loss at doses corresponding to a systemic exposure of 2.3-times the MRHD and greater (≥20 mg/kg/day). At doses of ≥20 mg/kg/day skeletal variations included incomplete ossification sites of tarsals, skull, sternebra, and vertebrae. No effects were observed at a dose approximately 1.3-times the MRHD (10 mg/kg/day).
Mouse pre- and postnatal development: In a pre- and postnatal study in mice, apremilast was administered to pregnant female mice at doses of 10, 80, or 300 mg/kg/day from Day 6 of gestation through Day 20 of lactation, with weaning on day 21. Dystocia, reduced viability, and reduced birth weights occurred at doses corresponding to ≥4.0-times the MRHD (on an AUC basis at doses ≥80 mg/kg/day). No adverse effects occurred at a dose 1.3-times the MRHD (10 mg/kg/day). There was no evidence for functional impairment of physical development, behavior, learning ability, immune competence, or fertility in the offspring at doses up to 7.5-times the MRHD (on an AUC basis at a dose of 300 mg/kg/day).
It is not known whether Otezla or its metabolites are present in human milk; however apremilast was detected in milk of lactating mice. Because many drugs are present in human milk, caution should be exercised when Otezla is administered to a nursing woman.
The safety and effectiveness of Otezla in pediatric patients less than 18 years of age have not been established.
Of the 1493 subjects who enrolled in Studies PsA-1, PsA-2, and PsA-3 a total of 146 psoriatic arthritis subjects were 65 years of age and older, including 19 subjects 75 years and older. No overall differences were observed in the safety profile of elderly subjects ≥65 years of age and younger adult subjects <65 years of age in the clinical studies.
Of the 1257 subjects who enrolled in two placebo-controlled psoriasis trials (PSOR 1 and PSOR 2), a total of 108 psoriasis subjects were 65 years of age and older, including 9 subjects who were 75 years of age and older. No overall differences were observed in the efficacy and safety in elderly subjects ≥65 years of age and younger adult subjects <65 years of age in the clinical trials.
Apremilast pharmacokinetics were characterized in subjects with mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment as defined by a creatinine clearance of 60-89, 30-59, and less than 30 mL per minute, respectively, by the Cockcroft–Gault equation. While no dose adjustment is needed in patients with mild or moderate renal impairment, the dose of Otezla should be reduced to 30 mg once daily in patients with severe renal impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Apremilast pharmacokinetics were characterized in subjects with moderate (Child Pugh B) and severe (Child Pugh C) hepatic impairment. No dose adjustment is necessary in these patients.
In case of overdose, patients should seek immediate medical help. Patients should be managed by symptomatic and supportive care should there be an overdose.
The active ingredient in Otezla tablets is apremilast. Apremilast is a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor. Apremilast is known chemically as N-[2-[(1S)-1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-1H-isoindol-4-yl]acetamide. Its empirical formula is C22H24N2O7S and the molecular weight is 460.5.
The chemical structure is:
Otezla tablets are supplied in 10-, 20-, and 30-mg strengths for oral administration. Each tablet contains apremilast as the active ingredient and the following inactive ingredients: lactose monohydrate, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, polyvinyl alcohol, titanium dioxide, polyethylene glycol, talc, iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow (20 and 30 mg only) and iron oxide black (30 mg only).
Apremilast is an oral small-molecule inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) specific for cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). PDE4 inhibition results in increased intracellular cAMP levels. The specific mechanism(s) by which apremilast exerts its therapeutic action in psoriatic arthritis patients and psoriasis patients is not well defined.
Absorption
Apremilast when taken orally is absorbed with an absolute bioavailability of
~73%, with peak plasma concentrations (Cmax)
occurring at a median time (tmax) of ~2.5
hours. Co-administration with food does not alter the extent of absorption of
apremilast.
Distribution
Human plasma protein binding of apremilast is approximately 68%. Mean apparent
volume of distribution (Vd) is 87 L.
Metabolism
Following oral administration in humans, apremilast is a major circulating
component (45%) followed by inactive metabolite M12 (39%), a glucuronide
conjugate of O-demethylated apremilast. It is extensively metabolized in
humans with up to 23 metabolites identified in plasma, urine and feces.
Apremilast is metabolized by both cytochrome (CYP) oxidative metabolism
with subsequent glucuronidation and non-CYP mediated hydrolysis. In
vitro, CYP metabolism of apremilast is primarily mediated by CYP3A4, with minor
contributions from CYP1A2 and CYP2A6.
Elimination
The plasma clearance of apremilast is about 10 L/hr in healthy subjects, with a
terminal elimination half-life of approximately 6-9 hours. Following oral
administration of radio-labeled apremilast, about 58% and 39% of the
radioactivity is recovered in urine and feces, respectively, with about 3% and
7% of the radioactive dose recovered as apremilast in urine and feces, respectively.
Specific Populations
Hepatic Impairment: The pharmacokinetics of apremilast is not affected by moderate or severe hepatic impairment.
Renal Impairment: The pharmacokinetics of apremilast is not affected by mild or moderate renal impairment. In 8 subjects with severe renal impairment administered a single dose of 30 mg apremilast, the AUC and Cmax of apremilast increased by approximately 88% and 42%, respectively [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) and Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].
Age: A single oral dose of 30-mg apremilast was studied in young adults and elderly healthy subjects. The apremilast exposure in elderly subjects (65 to 85 years of age) was about 13% higher in AUC and about 6% higher in Cmax than in young subjects (18 to 55 years of age). [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5)].
Gender: In pharmacokinetic studies in healthy volunteers, the extent of exposure in females was about 31% higher and Cmax was about 8% higher than that in male subjects.
Race and Ethnicity: The pharmacokinetics of apremilast in Chinese and Japanese healthy male subjects is comparable to that in Caucasian healthy male subjects. In addition, apremilast exposure is similar among Hispanic Caucasians, non-Hispanic Caucasians, and African Americans.
Drug Interactions
In vitro data: Apremilast is not an
inhibitor of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1,
or CYP3A4 and not an inducer of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, or CYP3A4.
Apremilast is a substrate, but not an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp)
and is not a substrate or an inhibitor of organic anion transporter (OAT)1 and
OAT3, organic cation transporter (OCT)2, organic anion transporting polypeptide
(OATP)1B1 and OATP1B3, or breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP).
Drug interaction studies were performed with apremilast and CYP3A4 substrates (oral contraceptive containing ethinyl estradiol and norgestimate), CYP3A and P-gp inhibitor (ketoconazole), CYP450 inducer (rifampin) and frequently co-administered drug in this patient population (methotrexate).
No significant pharmacokinetic interactions were observed when 30-mg oral apremilast was administered with either oral contraceptive, ketoconazole, or methotrexate. Co-administration of the CYP450 inducer rifampin (600 mg once daily for 15 days) with a single oral dose of 30-mg apremilast resulted in reduction of apremilast AUC and Cmax by 72% and 43%, respectively [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) and Drug Interactions (7.1)].
Long-term studies were conducted in mice and rats with apremilast to evaluate its carcinogenic potential. No evidence of apremilast-induced tumors was observed in mice at oral doses up to 8.8-times the Maximum Recommended Human Dose (MRHD) on an AUC basis (1000 mg/kg/day) or in rats at oral doses up to approximately 0.08- and 1.1-times the MRHD, (20 mg/kg/day in males and 3 mg/kg/day in females, respectively).
Apremilast tested negative in theAmesassay, in vitro chromosome aberration assay of human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and the in vivo mouse micronucleus assay.
In a fertility study of male mice, apremilast at oral doses up to approximately 3-times the MRHD based on AUC (up to 50 mg/kg/day) produced no effects on male fertility. In a fertility study of female mice, apremilast was administered at oral doses of 10, 20, 40, or 80 mg/kg/day. At doses ≥1.8-times the MRHD (≥20 mg/kg/day), estrous cycles were prolonged, due to lengthening of diestrus which resulted in a longer interval until mating. Mice that became pregnant at doses of 20 mg/kg/day and greater also had increased incidences of early postimplantation losses. There was no effect of apremilast approximately 1.0-times the MRHD (10 mg/kg/day).
The safety and efficacy of Otezla was evaluated in 3 multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (Studies PsA-1, PsA-2, and PsA-3) of similar design. A total of 1493 adult patients with active PsA (≥3 swollen joints and ≥3 tender joints) despite prior or current treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy were randomized. Patients enrolled in these studies had a diagnosis of PsA for at least 6 months. One qualifying psoriatic skin lesion of at least 2 cm in diameter was required in Study PsA- 3. Previous treatment with a biologic, including TNF-blockers was allowed (up to 10% could be TNF-blocker therapeutic failures). Across the 3 studies, patients were randomly assigned to placebo (n=496), Otezla 20 mg (n=500), or Otezla 30 mg (n=497) given orally twice daily. Titration was used over the first 5 days [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)]. Patients were allowed to receive stable doses of concomitant methotrexate [MTX (≤25 mg/week)], sulfasalazine [SSZ (≤2 g/day)], leflunomide [LEF (≤20 mg/day)], low dose oral corticosteroids (equivalent to ≤10 mg of prednisone a day), and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) during the trial. Treatment assignments were stratified based on small-molecule DMARD use at baseline in Studies PsA-1, PsA-2 and PsA-3. There was an additional stratification of BSA >3% with psoriasis in study PsA-3. The patients who were therapeutic failures of >3 agents for PsA (small molecules or biologics), or >1 biologic TNF blocker were excluded.
The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients achievingAmericanCollegeof Rheumatology (ACR) 20 response at Week 16. Placebo-controlled efficacy data were collected and analyzed through Week 24. Patients whose tender and swollen joint counts had not improved by at least 20% were considered non-responders at Week 16. Placebo non-responders were re-randomized 1:1 in a blinded fashion to either Otezla 20 mg twice daily or 30 mg twice daily following the titration schema [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)]. Otezla patients remained on their initial treatment. At Week 24, all remaining placebo patients were re-randomized to either 20 mg twice daily or 30 mg twice daily.
Patients with subtypes of PsA were enrolled across the 3 studies, including symmetric polyarthritis (62.0%), asymmetric oligoarthritis (27.0%), distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint arthritis (6.0%), arthritis mutilans (3.0%), and predominant spondylitis (2.1%). The median duration of PsA disease was 5 years. Patients received concomitant therapy with at least one DMARD (65.0%), MTX (55.0%), SSZ (9.0%), LEF (7.0%), low dose oral corticosteroids (14.0%), and NSAIDs (71.0%). Prior treatment with small-molecule DMARDs only was reported in 76.0% of patients and prior treatment with biologic DMARDs was reported in 22.0% of patients, which includes 9.0% who had failed prior biologic DMARD treatment.
Clinical Response in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis
The percent of patients achieving ACR 20, 50 and 70 responses in Studies PsA-1, PsA-2, and PsA-3 are presented in Table 4 below. Otezla ± DMARDs, compared with Placebo ± DMARDs resulted in a greater improvement in signs and symptoms of psoriatic arthritis as demonstrated by the proportion of patients with an ACR 20 response at Week 16.
Table 4: Proportion of Patients With ACR Responses in Studies PsA-1, PsA-2 and PsA-3 |
||||||
a N
is number of randomized and treated patients. |
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|
PsA-1 |
PsA-2 |
PsA-3 |
|||
Na |
Placebo |
Otezla |
Placebo |
Otezla |
Placebo |
Otezla |
ACR 20 |
19% |
38% b |
19% |
32% b |
18% |
41% b |
ACR 50 |
6% |
16% |
5% |
11% |
8% |
15% |
ACR 70 |
1% |
4% |
1% |
1% |
2% |
4% |
Otezla 30 mg twice daily resulted in improvement for each ACR component, compared to placebo at Week 16 in Study PsA-1 (Table 5). Consistent results were observed in Studies PsA-2 and PsA-3.
Table 5: ACR Components Mean Change from Baseline at Week 16 in Study PsA- 1 |
||
Mean changes
from baseline are least square means from analyses of covariance. |
||
|
Placebo |
Otezla 30 mg |
Number of tender
jointsa |
166 |
164 |
Number of
swollen jointsb |
166 |
164 |
Patient’s
assessment of painc |
165 |
159 |
Patient’s global
assessment of disease |
165 |
159 |
Physician’s
global assessment of disease |
158 |
159 |
HAQ-DId score |
165 |
159 |
CRPe |
166 |
167 |
Treatment with Otezla resulted in improvement in dactylitis and enthesitis in patients with pre-existing dactylitis or enthesitis.
Physical Function Response
Otezla 30 mg twice daily demonstrated a greater improvement compared to placebo in mean change from baseline for the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) score at Week 16 [-0.244 vs. -0.086, respectively; 95% CI for the difference was (-0.26, -0.06)] in Study PsA-1. The proportions of HAQ-DI responders (≥0.3 improvement from baseline) at Week 16 for the Otezla 30 mg twice daily group were 38%, compared to 27%, for the placebo group in Study PsA-1. Consistent results were observed in Studies PsA-2 and PsA-3.
Two multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (Studies PSOR-1 and PSOR-2) enrolled a total of 1257 subjects 18 years of age and older with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis [body surface area (BSA) involvement of ≥10%, static Physician Global Assessment (sPGA) of ≥3 (moderate or severe disease), Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score ≥12, candidates for phototherapy or systemic therapy]. Subjects were allowed to use low-potency topical corticosteroids on the face, axilla and groin. Subjects with scalp psoriasis were allowed to use coal tar shampoo and/or salicylic acid scalp preparations on scalp lesions.
Study PSOR-1 enrolled 844 subjects and Study PSOR-2 enrolled 413 subjects. In both studies, subjects were randomized 2:1 to Otezla 30 mg BID or placebo for 16 weeks. Both studies assessed the proportion of subjects who achieved PASI-75 at Week 16 and the proportion of subjects who achieved a sPGA score of clear (0) or almost clear (1) at Week 16. Across both studies, subjects ranged in age from 18 to 83 years, with an overall median age of 46 years. The mean baseline BSA involvement was 25.19% (median 21.0%), the mean baseline PASI score was 19.07 (median 16.80), and the proportion of subjects with sPGA score of 3 (moderate) and 4 (severe) at baseline were 70.0% and 29.8%, respectively. Approximately 30% of all subjects had received prior phototherapy and 54% had received prior conventional systemic and/or biologic therapy for the treatment of psoriasis with 37% receiving prior conventional systemic therapy and 30% receiving prior biologic therapy. Approximately one-third of subjects had not received prior phototherapy, conventional systemic nor biologic therapy. A total of 18% of subjects had a history of psoriatic arthritis.
Clinical Response in Subjects with Plaque Psoriasis
The proportion of subjects who achieved PASI -75 responses, and sPGA score of clear (0) or almost clear (1), are presented in Table 6.
Table 6: Clinical Response at Week 16 in Studies PSOR-1 and PSOR-2 |
||||
a N
is number of randomized and treated patients. |
||||
|
Study PSOR-1 |
Study PSOR-2 |
||
|
Placebo |
Otezla |
Placebo |
Otezla |
Na |
N=282 |
N=562 |
N=137 |
N=274 |
PASIb-75, n (%) |
15 (5.3) |
186 (33.1) |
8 (5.8) |
79 (28.8) |
sPGAc of Clear or Almost |
11 (3.9) |
122 (21.7) |
6 (4.4) |
56 (20.4) |
The median time to loss of PASI-75 response among the subjects re-randomized to placebo at Week 32 during the Randomized Treatment Withdrawal Phase was 5.1 weeks.
Otezla is available as diamond-shaped, film-coated tablets in the following dosage strengths: 10-mg pink tablet engraved with “APR” on one side and “10” on the other side; 20-mg brown tablet engraved with “APR” on one side and “20” on the other side; 30-mg beige tablet engraved with “APR” on one side and “30” on the other side.
Tablets are supplied in the following strengths and package configurations:
Package configuration |
Tablet strength |
NDC number |
Bottles of 60 |
30 mg |
59572-631-06 |
Two-week starter pack |
13-tablet blister titration pack |
59572-630-27 |
28-count carton |
Two 30-mg blister cards containing |
59572-631-28 |
28-day starter pack |
13-tablet blister titration pack |
59572-632-55 |
Storage and Handling
Store tablets below 30°C (86°F).
Manufactured
for: Celgene Corporation
Summit,NJ07901
Otezla® is a registered trademark of Celgene Corporation.
Pat. http://www.celgene.com/therapies
© 2014-2017 Celgene Corporation, All Rights Reserved.
APRPI.006 06/17
RINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - NDC: 59572-630-27 - Two-Week Starter Pack Wallet Label (Outside)
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - NDC: 59572-630-27 - Two-Week Starter Pack Wallet Label (Inside)
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - NDC: 59572-630-99 - Sample Two-Week Starter Pack Wallet Label (Outside)
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - NDC: 59572-630-99 - Sample Two-Week Starter Pack Wallet Label (Inside)
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - NDC: 59572-630-98 - Sample Two-Week Starter Pack Display Carton Label
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - NDC: 59572-631-06 - 30mg 60-count Bottle Label
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - NDC: 59572-631-28 - 30 mg 28-count Blister Foil
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - NDC: 59572-631-28 - 30 mg 28-count Carton Label
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - NDC: 59572-631-99 - Sample 30 mg 28-count Blister Foil
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - NDC: 59572-631-99 - Sample 30 mg 28-count Carton Label
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - NDC: 59572-632-55 - 28-day Starter Pack Sleeve Label
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - NDC: 59572-632-55 - 28-day Starter Pack Wallet Label (Outside)
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - NDC: 59572-632-55 - 28-day Starter Pack Wallet Label (Inside)
Otezla apremilast kit |
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Otezla apremilast kit |
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Labeler - Celgene Corporation (174201137) |
Revised: 06/2017
Celgene Corporation