通用中文 | 注射用两性霉素B脂质体 | 通用外文 | Amphotericin B liposomal for Injection |
品牌中文 | 品牌外文 | AmBisome | |
其他名称 | |||
公司 | 吉利德(Gilead) | 产地 | 爱尔兰(Ireland) |
含量 | 50mg | 包装 | 1瓶/盒 |
剂型给药 | 针剂 静脉 | 储存 | 室温 |
适用范围 | 系统性真菌感染者 |
通用中文 | 注射用两性霉素B脂质体 |
通用外文 | Amphotericin B liposomal for Injection |
品牌中文 | |
品牌外文 | AmBisome |
其他名称 | |
公司 | 吉利德(Gilead) |
产地 | 爱尔兰(Ireland) |
含量 | 50mg |
包装 | 1瓶/盒 |
剂型给药 | 针剂 静脉 |
储存 | 室温 |
适用范围 | 系统性真菌感染者 |
通用名:注射用两性霉素B脂质体
英文名:Amphotencin B Liposome for Injection
主要成分:两性霉素B
请仔细阅读
注射用两性霉素B 的作用说明,并在药师指导下购买和使用。
【通用名】注射用两性霉素B
【成分】
本品主要成分为两性霉素B。
【适应症】适用于系统性真菌感染者;病情呈进行性发展或其它抗真菌药治疗无效者,如败血症、心内膜炎、脑膜炎(隐球菌及 其他真菌)、腹腔感染(包括与透析相关者)、肺部感染、尿路感染等;因肾损伤或药物毒性而不能使用有效剂量的两性霉素B的患者。
【用法用量】
本品推荐临床用法为:起始剂量0.1mg/kg/日。用注射用水稀释溶解并振荡摇匀后加至5%葡萄糖500ml内静脉滴注,滴速不得超过30滴/分,观察有无不适,前二小时每小时测体温、脉搏、呼吸、血压各一次。如无毒副反应,第二日开始剂量增加0.25-0.50mg/kg/日,剂量逐日递增至维持剂量:1-3mg/kg/日。输液浓度以不大于0.15mg/ml为宜。中枢神经系统感染,最大剂量1mg/kg,给药前可考虑合并用地塞米松,以减少局部反应,但应注意皮质激素有引起感染扩散的可能。疗程视病种病情而定。尚未观察超过上述剂量的本品安全性和有效性。
【不良反应】
1、本品临床试验中发现的不良反应:在114例患者中进行了本品随机对照临床试验,本品用量1-3mg/kg/日范围内,对照药为普通两性霉素B,给药剂量相同。观察到本品不良反应发生率60.0%,对照组83.9%。观察到的不良反应包括:舌尖麻木感、寒战、发热、头痛、全身不适、关节痛、低血钾症、恶心、呕吐、腹胀痛、肝肾功能异常、血尿、脱发、皮疹、血糖升高、胸闷、心悸、耳鸣及血管炎等,大多为轻到中度反应,对症治疗后可耐受。因为未进行充分的临床试验对比研究,尚不能明确与普通两性霉素B的差别,有待上市后继续观察。2、在普通两性霉素B上市使用中出现的不良反应有:(1)静滴过程中或静滴后发生寒颤、高热、严重头痛、食欲不振、恶心、呕吐,有时可出现血压下降、眩晕等。(2)几乎所有患者在疗程中均可出现不同程度的肾功能损害,尿中可出现红细胞、白细胞、蛋白和管型、血尿素氮和肌酐增高,肌酐清除率降低,也可引起肾小管性酸中毒。(3)低钾血症,由于尿中排出大量钾离子所致。(4)血液系统毒性反应有正常红细胞性贫血,偶可有白细胞或血小板减少。(5)肝毒性,较少见,可致肝细胞坏死,急性肝功能衰竭亦有发生。(6)心血管系统反应如静滴过快时可引起心室颤动或心脏骤停。此外本品所致的电解质紊乱亦可导致心律失常的发生。本品静滴时易发生血栓性静脉炎。(7)神经系统毒性反应,鞘内注射本品可引起严重头痛、发热、呕吐、颈项强直、下肢疼痛及尿潴留等,严重者可发生下肢截瘫等。(8)过敏性休克、皮疹等变态反应偶有发生。3、在国外临床研究中观察到的其它不良反应还有:(1)全身反应:虚弱、背痛、输液反应、感染、脓毒血症。(2)心血管系统:高血压、低血压、心动过速。(3)消化系统:胃肠道出血、便秘。(4)代谢紊乱:碱性磷酸酶升高、胆红素血症、高血糖、高钠血症、血容量过多、水肿、高钙血症、高钾血症、低镁血症。(5)神经、精神系统:焦虑、混乱、头痛、失眠、眩晕。(6)呼吸系统:咳嗽、呼吸困难、缺氧、鼻出血、鼻炎、胸膜积液、肺病。(7)皮疹、瘙痒、出汗。(8)血尿。
【禁忌】
对本品过敏及严重肝病的患者禁用。
【注意事项】
1、静脉输液瓶应加黑布遮光,以免药物效价降低。2、静脉滴注前后均应用等渗葡萄糖液静滴,以避免药液滴至血管外和防止静脉炎的发生。3、治疗期间定期随访血、尿常规,肝、肾功能,血钾和心电图。如血尿素氮或血肌酐值明显升高时,则需减量或暂停治疗,直至肾功能恢复。4、本品不可用生理盐水溶解,滴注液应新鲜配制,滴注速度宜缓慢(滴速不得超过30滴/分)。每剂滴注时间至少6小时。5、本品应从小剂量开始,如可耐受毒副反应,逐渐增加至所需量。6、为减少本品的输液相关的不良反应,给药前可给解热镇痛药和抗组胺药,如吲哚美辛和异丙嗪等,根据医嘱可考虑同时给予琥珀酸氢化可的松25~50mg或地塞米松2~5mg一同静脉滴注,但应注意皮质激素可使感染扩散。7、因为尚未进行充分的有良好对照的临床研究,因此尚不能明确本品对肝、肾毒性与普通制剂的差别,下列情况应慎用:(1)肾功能损害,本品主要在体内灭活,故肾功能重度减退时半衰期仅轻度延长,因此肾功能轻、中度损害的患者如病情需要仍可选用本品,重度肾功能损害者则需延长给药间期或减量应用,应用其最小有效量;当治疗累积剂量大于4g时可引起不可逆性肾功能损害。(2)肝功能损害,本品可致肝毒性,肝病患者避免应用本品。8、本品不良反应多见,但又是治疗危重深部真菌感染的.有效药物,选用本品时必须权衡利弊后作出决定。9、本品不可肌内注射。
【药物相互作用】
尚未进行本品与其它药物相互作用的研究。目前知道下列药物与普通两性霉素B同时使用时发生药物相互作用,所以下列药物可能也与两性霉素B脂质体有相互作用。(1)抗肿瘤药:抗肿瘤药物与普通两性霉素B同时使用可能增加导致肾毒性、支气管痉挛和低血压的可能。与本品同时使用时,则应监测血清电解质和心脏功能。(2)皮质类固醇和促皮质素(ACTH):与普通两性霉素B使用可能降低血钾并导致心脏功能异常,与本品同时使用时,应监测血清电解质和心脏功能。(3)洋地黄葡萄糖苷:与普通两性霉素B使用可能引起低血钾和增加洋地黄毒性,与本品同时使用时,应密切监测血清钾水平。(4)氟胞嘧啶:含两性霉素B的药物与氟胞嘧啶同时使用可能增加氟胞嘧啶的毒性,它可能通过增加细胞摄取与降低肾排泄而引起,当氟胞嘧啶与本品同时使用时需非常小心。(5)其他对肾有毒性的药物:普通两性霉素B与氨基糖苷类、五氮唑药物、卷曲霉素、多粘菌素、万古霉素同时使用可能增加由药物引起的肾毒性。氨基糖苷类和五氮唑药物与两性霉素B脂质体同时使用时需特别注意,密切监测肾功能。(6)骨骼肌松弛剂:普通两性霉素B引起的低血钾可能增加骨骼肌松弛剂(如箭毒碱)的箭毒样毒性,如果骨骼肌松弛剂与两性霉素B脂质体同时使用,需密切监测血清钾水平。(7)体外和体内动物试验显示两性霉素B与吡咯类抗真菌药,如酮康唑、氟康唑、伊曲康唑等,会诱导耐药性产生而导致拮抗作用,两者合用时应小心,尤其是免疫缺陷患者。(8)两性霉素B与白细胞同时输注时,可能导致肺部毒性。(9)骨髓抑制药、放射治疗可加重患者贫血,与两性霉素B合用宜减少剂量。
【药理作用】
两性霉素B脂质体的有效成分两性霉素B为多烯类抗真菌抗生素,它通过与真菌细胞膜上的固醇(主要为麦角固醇)结合,造成膜通透性改变,胞内容物流出而使真菌细胞死亡,两性霉素B也能结合哺乳动物细胞膜中的固醇(主要为胆固醇),这可能是其对动物和人类有毒性的原因。本品是内含有两性霉素B的双层脂质体,其胆固醇成分可增强药物的稳定性,使两性霉素B尽可能在疏水层中保留最大的含量,降低与人体细胞膜中胆固醇的结合而增强对真菌细胞麦角固醇的结合,从而发挥两性霉素B的最大杀菌能力。体外抗菌试验和临床试验提示:本品对新型隐球菌、白色念球菌、热带念珠菌、酵母菌、总状毛霉、链互隔菌、曲霉菌、球孢子菌、组织孢浆菌、皮炎芽生菌、巴西芽生菌、孢子丝菌等有良好抗菌作用,但对细菌、立克次体和病毒的感染无效。皮肤和毛发癣菌大多耐药。
AmBisome
Generic Name: amphotericin B liposomal (AM foe TER i sin B LYE poe SOE mal)
Brand Names: AmBisome
What is AmBisome?
AmBisome (amphotericin B liposomal) is an antifungal medication that fights infections caused by fungus.
AmBisome is used to treat serious, life-threatening fungal infections including leishmaniasis, and a certain form of meningitis in people infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus).
AmBisome is not for treating a minor fungal infection such as a yeast infection of the mouth, esophagus, or vagina.
Important information
AmBisome may need to be given for up to several weeks or months, depending on the infection being treated.
Tell your caregiver right away if you feel dizzy, nauseated, light-headed, sweaty, hot or cold, or if you have a fast heartbeat, chest tightness, or trouble breathing while you are receiving AmBisome.
Some people receiving a AmBisome injection have had a reaction to the infusion (when the medicine is injected into the vein). Tell your caregiver right away if you feel dizzy, nauseated, light-headed, sweaty, hot or cold, or if you have a fast heartbeat, chest tightness, or trouble breathing.
Before taking this medicine
You should not use AmBisome if you are allergic to amphotericin B.
To make sure AmBisome is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have:
· kidney disease;
· liver disease; or
· low levels of calcium or potassium in your blood.
FDA pregnancy category B. AmBisome is not expected to harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment.
It is not known whether amphotericin B liposomal passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. You should not breast-feed while you are receiving AmBisome.
How is AmBisome given?
AmBisome is injected into a vein through an IV. You will receive this injection in a clinic or hospital setting. The injection must be given slowly, and the IV infusion can take 1 or more hours to complete.
AmBisome may need to be given for up several weeks or months, depending on the infection being treated.
Your breathing, blood pressure, and other vital signs will be watched closely while you are receiving Ambisome.
While using AmBisome, you may need frequent blood tests. Your liver and kidney function may also need to be tested.
Dosage Information (comprehensive)
What happens if I miss a dose?
Since AmBisome is usually given while you are in the hospital, you are not likely to miss a dose.
If you are receiving AmBisome in an outpatient clinic, call your doctor if you will miss an appointment for your injection.
What happens if I overdose?
Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.
What should I avoid while receiving AmBisome?
Follow your doctor's instructions about any restrictions on food, beverages, or activity.
AmBisome side effects
Some side effects may occur during the injection. Tell your caregiver right away if you feel dizzy, nauseated, light-headed, sweaty, hot or cold, or if you have a fast heartbeat, chest tightness, or trouble breathing.
Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction to AmBisome: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Call your doctor at once if you have:
· chest pain, fast heart rate;
· shortness of breath, a light-headed feeling (like you might pass out);
· signs of a kidney problem - little or no urinating; painful or difficult urination; swelling in your feet or ankles; feeling tired or short of breath;
· low calcium - numbness or tingly feeling around your mouth, fast or slow heart rate, muscle tightness or contraction, overactive reflexes; or
· low potassium - confusion, uneven heart rate, extreme thirst, increased urination, leg discomfort, muscle weakness or limp feeling.
Common AmBisome side effects may include:
· stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea;
· chills;
· rash;
· headache; or
· abnormal liver function tests.
AmBisome
Generic Name: amphotericin B liposomal (AM foe TER i sin B LYE poe SOE mal)
Brand Names: AmBisome
Medically reviewed on Nov 27, 2017
What is AmBisome?
AmBisome (amphotericin B liposomal) is an antifungal medication that fights infections caused by fungus.
AmBisome is used to treat serious, life-threatening fungal infections including leishmaniasis, and a certain form of meningitis in people infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus).
AmBisome is not for treating a minor fungal infection such as a yeast infection of the mouth, esophagus, or vagina.
Important information
AmBisome may need to be given for up to several weeks or months, depending on the infection being treated.
Tell your caregiver right away if you feel dizzy, nauseated, light-headed, sweaty, hot or cold, or if you have a fast heartbeat, chest tightness, or trouble breathing while you are receiving AmBisome.
Some people receiving a AmBisome injection have had a reaction to the infusion (when the medicine is injected into the vein). Tell your caregiver right away if you feel dizzy, nauseated, light-headed, sweaty, hot or cold, or if you have a fast heartbeat, chest tightness, or trouble breathing.
Before taking this medicine
You should not use AmBisome if you are allergic to amphotericin B.
To make sure AmBisome is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have:
· kidney disease;
· liver disease; or
· low levels of calcium or potassium in your blood.
FDA pregnancy category B. AmBisome is not expected to harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment.
See also:
Pregnancy and breastfeeding warnings (in more detail)
It is not known whether amphotericin B liposomal passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. You should not breast-feed while you are receiving AmBisome.
How is AmBisome given?
AmBisome is injected into a vein through an IV. You will receive this injection in a clinic or hospital setting. The injection must be given slowly, and the IV infusion can take 1 or more hours to complete.
AmBisome may need to be given for up several weeks or months, depending on the infection being treated.
Your breathing, blood pressure, and other vital signs will be watched closely while you are receiving Ambisome.
While using AmBisome, you may need frequent blood tests. Your liver and kidney function may also need to be tested.
See also:
Dosage Information (in more detail)
What happens if I miss a dose?
Since AmBisome is usually given while you are in the hospital, you are not likely to miss a dose.
If you are receiving AmBisome in an outpatient clinic, call your doctor if you will miss an appointment for your injection.
What happens if I overdose?
Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.
What should I avoid while receiving AmBisome?
Follow your doctor's instructions about any restrictions on food, beverages, or activity.
AmBisome side effects
Some side effects may occur during the injection. Tell your caregiver right away if you feel dizzy, nauseated, light-headed, sweaty, hot or cold, or if you have a fast heartbeat, chest tightness, or trouble breathing.
Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction to AmBisome: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Call your doctor at once if you have:
· chest pain, fast heart rate;
· shortness of breath, a light-headed feeling (like you might pass out);
· signs of a kidney problem - little or no urinating; painful or difficult urination; swelling in your feet or ankles; feeling tired or short of breath;
· low calcium - numbness or tingly feeling around your mouth, fast or slow heart rate, muscle tightness or contraction, overactive reflexes; or
· low potassium - confusion, uneven heart rate, extreme thirst, increased urination, leg discomfort, muscle weakness or limp feeling.
Common AmBisome side effects may include:
· stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea;
· chills;
· rash;
· headache; or
· abnormal liver function tests.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
See also:
Side effects (in more detail)
What other drugs will affect AmBisome?
Other drugs may interact with amphotericin B liposomal, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Tell each of your health care providers about all medicines you use now and any medicine you start or stop using.