WARNING: BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION
Topotecan for injection can cause severe myelosuppression. Administer only to patients with baseline neutrophil counts of greater than or equal to 1,500 cells/mm3and platelet counts greater than or equal to 100,000 cells/mm3. Monitor blood cell counts[see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
Indications and Usage for TopotecanOvarian Cancer
Topotecan for injection, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic carcinoma of the ovary after disease progression on or after initial or subsequent chemotherapy.
Small Cell Lung Cancer
Topotecan for injection, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with small cell lung cancer with platinum-sensitive disease who progressed at least 60 days after initiation of first-line chemotherapy.
Cervical Cancer
Topotecan for injection in combination with cisplatin is indicated for the treatment of patients with Stage IV-B, recurrent, or persistent carcinoma of the cervix not amenable to curative treatment.
Topotecan Dosage and Administration
Verify dose using body surface area prior to dispensing. Recommended dosage should generally not exceed 4 mg intravenously [see Overdosage (10)].
Ovarian Cancer
Recommended Dose and Schedule:
The recommended dose of Topotecan for injection is 1.5 mg/m2 by intravenous infusion over 30 minutes daily for 5 consecutive days, starting on Day 1 of a 21-day course.
Small Cell Lung Cancer
Recommended Dose and Schedule
The recommended dose of Topotecan for injection is 1.5 mg/m2by intravenous infusion over 30 minutes daily for 5 consecutive days, starting on Day 1 of a 21-day course.
Cervical Cancer
Recommended Dose and Schedule
The recommended dose of Topotecan for injection is 0.75 mg/m2 by intravenous infusion over 30 minutes daily on Days 1, 2, and 3 in combination with cisplatin 50 mg/m2 on Day 1, repeated every 21 days.
Dose Modifications
Hematologic Toxicities
For single-agent use, dose reduce Topotecan for injection to 1.25 mg/m2for:
neutrophil counts of less than 500 cells/mm3, or administer granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) starting no sooner than 24 hours following the last dose of Topotecan for injection.
platelet counts less than 25,000 cells/mm3during previous cycle.
For combination use with cisplatin, dose reduce Topotecan for injection to 0.60 mg/m2(and further to 0.45 mg/m2if necessary) for:
febrile neutropenia (defined as neutrophil counts less than 1,000 cells/mm3with temperature of greater than or equal to 38.0°C (100.4°F), or administer G-CSF starting no sooner than 24 hours following the last dose of Topotecan for injection.
platelet counts less than 25,000 cells/mm3during previous cycle.
Renal Impairment
For single-agent use, dose reduce Topotecan for injection to 0.75 mg/m2in patients with moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance [Clcr] = 20 to 39 mL/min). Insufficient data are available in patients with severe renal impairment (Clcr less than 20 mL/min) to provide a dosage recommendation for Topotecan for injection [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Preparation and Intravenous Administration
Topotecan for injection is a cytotoxic drug. Follow applicable special handling and disposable procedures.1
Preparation and Administration
Reconstitute each 4-mg vial of Topotecan for injection with 4 mL Sterile Water for Injection, USP. Dilute the appropriate volume of the reconstituted solution in either 0.9% Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion, USP or 5% Dextrose in Water Injection, USP prior to administration.
Stability
Unopened vials of Topotecan for injection are stable until the date indicated on the package when stored between 20° and 25°C (68° and 77°F) [see USP] and protected from light in the original carton. Because the vials contain no preservative, contents should be used immediately after reconstitution.
Reconstituted vials of Topotecan for injection diluted for infusion are stable at approximately 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) and ambient lighting conditions for 24 hours.
Dosage Forms and Strengths
For injection: 4-mg (Topotecan free base) lyophilized powder in single-use vial for reconstitution; light yellow to greenish cake powder.
Contraindications
Topotecan for injection is contraindicated in patients who have a history of severe hypersensitivity reactions to Topotecan.
Warnings and PrecautionsBone Marrow Suppression
Bone marrow suppression (primarily neutropenia) is the dose-limiting toxicity of Topotecan for injection. Neutropenia is not cumulative over time. Severe myelotoxicity has been reported when Topotecan for injection is used in combination with cisplatin [see Drug Interactions (7)].
· The following data on myelosuppression are based on an integrated safety database from 8 trials (N = 879) using Topotecan for injection at 1.5 mg/m2by intravenous infusion over 30 minutes daily for 5 consecutive days, starting on Day 1 of a 21-day course in patients with ovarian cancer and small cell lung cancer and from one trial in patients with cervical cancer (N = 147) using Topotecan for injection 0.75 mg/m2by intravenous infusion over 30 minutes daily on Days 1, 2, and 3 repeated every 21 days in combination with cisplatin 50 mg/m2on Day 1.
Neutropenia
· Monotherapy: Grade 4 neutropenia (less than 500 cells/mm3) occurred in 78% of patients, with a median duration of 7 days and was most common during Course 1 of treatment (58% of patients). Grade 4 neutropenia associated with infection occurred in 13% of patients and febrile neutropenia occurred in 5% of patients. Sepsis occurred in 4% of patients and was fatal in 1% of patients. Pancytopenia has been reported.
· Combination with cisplatin: Grade 4 neutropenia occurred in 48% of patients.
Thrombocytopenia
· Monotherapy: Grade 4 thrombocytopenia (less than 25,000/mm3) occurred in 27% of patients, with a median duration of 5 days.
· Combination with cisplatin: Grade 4 thrombocytopenia occurred in 7% of patients.
Anemia
· Monotherapy: Grade 3 or 4 anemia (less than 8 g/dL) occurred in 37% of patients.
· Combination with cisplatin: Grade 3 or Grade 4 anemia occurred in 40% of patients.
Administer Topotecan for injection only to patients with a baseline neutrophil count of greater than or equal to 1,500 cells/mm3 and platelet count greater than or equal to 100,000/mm3. Monitor peripheral blood counts frequently during treatment with Topotecan for injection. Refer to Section 2.4 for dose modification guidelines for hematological toxicities in subsequent courses. Do not treat patients with subsequent courses of Topotecan for injection until neutrophils recover to greater than 1,000 cells/mm3, platelets recover to greater than 100,000 cells/mm3, and hemoglobin levels recover to 9.0 g/dL (with transfusion if necessary).
Neutropenic Enterocolitis
Topotecan can cause fatal typhilitis (neutropenic enterocolitis). Consider the possibility of typhilitis in patients presenting with fever, neutropenia, and abdominal pain.
Interstitial Lung Disease
Interstitial lung disease (ILD), including fatalities, has occurred with Topotecan for injection. Underlying risk factors include history of ILD, pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, thoracic radiation, and use of pneumotoxic drugs and/or colony stimulating factors. Monitor patients for pulmonary symptoms indicative of ILD (e.g., cough, fever, dyspnea, and/or hypoxia), and discontinue Topotecan for injection if a new diagnosis of ILD is confirmed.
Embryofetal Toxicity
Based on animal data, Topotecan for injection can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Topotecan caused embryolethality, fetotoxicity, and teratogenicity in rats and rabbits when administered during organogenesis. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment and for at least 1 month after the last dose of Topotecan for injection. Advise women of the potential risk to a fetus [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1, 8.3)].
Extravasation and Tissue Injury
Extravasation with Topotecan for injection has been observed; severe cases have been reported. If signs or symptoms of extravasation occur, immediately stop administration of Topotecan for injection and institute recommended management procedures [see Adverse Reactions (6)].
Adverse Reactions
The following serious adverse reactions are described below and elsewhere in the labeling:
· Bone Marrow Suppression [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
· Neutropenic Enterocolitis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]
· Interstitial Lung Disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]
· Extravasation and Tissue Injury[see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]
Clinical Trials Experience
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared with rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
Ovarian Cancer
Table 1 shows the Grade 3/4 hematologic and major non-hematologic adverse reactions in the Topotecan/paclitaxel comparator trial in ovarian cancer.
|
Table 1. Adverse Reactions Experienced by ≥5% of Ovarian Cancer Patients Randomized to Receive Topotecan for Injection or Paclitaxel
|
|
aDeath related to sepsis occurred in 2% of patients receiving Topotecan for injection and 0% of patients receiving paclitaxel.
|
|
b Pain includes body pain, skeletal pain, and back pain.
|
|
Adverse Reaction
|
Topotecan for Injection
(n = 112)
|
Paclitaxel
(n = 114)
|
|
Hematologic Grade 3/4
|
%
|
%
|
|
Grade 4 neutropenia (<500 cells/mm3)
|
80
|
21
|
|
Grade 3/4 anemia (Hgb <8 g/dL)
|
41
|
6
|
|
Grade 4 thrombocytopenia (<25,000 plts/mm3)
|
27
|
3
|
|
Febrile neutropenia
|
23
|
4
|
|
Non-hematologic Grade 3/4
|
%
|
%
|
|
Infections and infestations
Sepsisa
|
5
|
2
|
|
Respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders
Dyspnea
|
6
|
5
|
|
Gastrointestinal disorders
Abdominal pain
Constipation
Diarrhea
Intestinal obstruction
Nausea
Vomiting
|
5
5
6
5
10
10
|
4
0
1
4
2
3
|
|
General disorders and administrative site conditions
Fatigue
Asthenia
Painb
|
7
5
5
|
6
3
7
|
Small Cell Lung Cancer
Table 2 shows the Grade 3/4 hematologic and major non-hematologic adverse reactions in the Topotecan/CAV (cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-vincristine) comparator trial in small cell lung cancer.
|
Table 2. Adverse Reactions Experienced by ≥ 5% of Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Randomized to Receive Topotecan for Injection or CAV
|
|
aDeath related to sepsis occurred in 3% of patients receiving Topotecan for injection and 1% of patients receiving CAV.
|
|
bPain includes body pain, skeletal pain, and back pain.
|
|
Adverse Reaction
|
Topotecan
for Injection
(n=107)
|
CAV
(n=104)
|
|
Hematologic Grade 3/4
|
%
|
%
|
|
Grade 4 neutropenia
(<500 cells/mm3)
|
70
|
72
|
|
Grade 3/4 anemia
(Hgb <8 g/dL)
|
42
|
20
|
|
Grade 4 thrombocytopenia
(<25,000 plts/mm3)
|
29
|
5
|
|
Febrile neutropenia
|
28
|
26
|
|
Non-hematologic Grade 3/4
|
%
|
%
|
|
Infections and infestations
|
|
|
|
Sepsisa
|
5
|
5
|
|
Respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders
|
|
|
|
Dyspnea
|
9
|
14
|
|
Pneumonia
|
8
|
6
|
|
Gastrointestinal disorders
|
|
|
|
Abdominal pain
|
6
|
4
|
|
Nausea
|
8
|
6
|
|
General disorders and administrative site conditions
|
|
|
|
Fatigue
|
6
|
10
|
|
Asthenia
|
9
|
7
|
|
Painb
|
5
|
7
|
Hepatobiliary Disorders in Ovarian and Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Topotecan for injection: Based on the combined experience of 453 patients with metastatic ovarian carcinoma, and 426 patients with small cell lung cancer treated with Topotecan for injection, Grade 1 transient elevations in hepatic enzymes occurred in 8% of patients. Grade 3/4 elevations occurred in 4%. Grade 3/4 elevated bilirubin occurred in less than 2% of patients.
Cervical Cancer
In the comparative trial with Topotecan for injection plus cisplatin versus cisplatin in patients with cervical cancer, the most common dose-limiting adverse reaction was myelosuppression. Table 3 shows the hematologic and non-hematologic adverse reactions in patients with cervical cancer.
|
Table 3. Adverse Reactions Experienced by ≥5% of Patients with Cervical Cancer Randomized to Receive Topotecan for Injection plus Cisplatin or Cisplatin Monotherapy (Between Arm Difference ≥2%)a
|
|
aIncludes patients who were eligible and treated.
|
|
bData were collected using NCI Common Toxicity Criteria, v. 2.0.
|
|
cGrades 1 through 4 only. There were 3 patients who experienced deaths with investigator-designated attribution. The first patient experienced a Grade 5 hemorrhage in which the drug-related thrombocytopenia aggravated the event. A second patient experienced bowel obstruction, cardiac arrest, pleural effusion, and respiratory failure which were not treatment-related but probably aggravated by treatment. A third patient experienced a pulmonary embolism and adult respiratory distress syndrome; the latter was indirectly treatment-related.
|
|
d Constitutional includes fatigue (lethargy, malaise, asthenia), fever (in the absence of neutropenia), rigors, chills, sweating, and weight gain or loss.
|
|
ePain includes abdominal pain or cramping, arthralgia, bone pain, chest pain (non-cardiac and non-pleuritic), dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, earache, headache, hepatic pain, myalgia, neuropathic pain, pain due to radiation, pelvic pain, pleuritic pain, rectal or perirectal pain, and tumor pain.
|
|
fHigh-level terms were included if the between-arm difference was ≥10%.
|
|
Adverse Reaction
|
Topotecan for Injection plus Cisplatin
(n = 140)
%
|
Cisplatin
(n = 144)
%
|
|
Hematologic
|
|
|
|
Neutropenia
Grade 3 (<1,000-500 cells/mm3)
Grade 4 (<500 cells/mm3)
|
26
48
|
1
1
|
|
Anemia
Grade 3 (Hgb <8-6.5 g/dL)
Grade 4 (Hgb <6.5 g/dL)
|
34
6
|
19
3
|
|
Thrombocytopenia
Grade 3 (<50,000-10,000 cells/mm3)
Grade 4 (<10,000 cells/mm3)
|
26
7
|
3
0
|
|
Non-hematologicb,c
|
|
|
|
General disorders and administrative site conditions
Constitutionald
Paine
|
69
59
|
62
50
|
|
Gastrointestinal disorders
Vomiting
Stomatitis-pharyngitis
Other
|
40
6
63
|
37
0
56
|
|
Dermatologyf
|
48
|
20
|
|
Infection-febrile neutropeniaf
|
28
|
18
|
|
Cardiovascularf
|
25
|
15
|
Postmarketing Experience
The following reactions have been identified during postmarketing use of Topotecan for injection. Because they are reported voluntarily from a population of unknown size, estimates of frequency cannot be made. These reactions have been chosen for inclusion due to a combination of their seriousness, frequency of reporting, or potential causal connection to Topotecan for injection.
Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders
Severe bleeding (in association with thrombocytopenia) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
Immune System Disorders
Allergic manifestations, anaphylactoid reactions.
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Abdominal pain potentially associated with neutropenic enterocolitis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
Pulmonary Disorders
Interstitial lung disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders
Angioedema, severe dermatitis, severe pruritus.
General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions
Extravasation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].
Drug InteractionsG CSF
Concomitant administration with G–CSF can prolong the duration of neutropenia. If G–CSF is used, it should be started no sooner than 24 hours following the last dose of Topotecan for injection.
USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONSPregnancy
Risk Summary
Based on animal data, Topotecan for injection can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Topotecan caused embryolethality, fetotoxicity, and teratogenicity in rats and rabbits when administered during organogenesis at doses similar to the clinical dose [see Data]. There are no available human data informing the drug-associated risk. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated populations are unknown; however, the background risk in the US general population of major birth defects is 2% to 4% and of miscarriage is 15% to 20% of clinically recognized pregnancies.
Data
Animal Data: In rabbits, a dose of 0.10 mg/kg/day (about equal to the clinical dose on a mg/m2basis) given on Days 6 through 20 of gestation caused maternal toxicity, embryolethality, and reduced fetal body weight. In the rat, a dose of 0.23 mg/kg/day (about equal to the clinical dose on a mg/m2basis) given for 14 days before mating through gestation Day 6 caused fetal resorption, microphthalmia, pre-implant loss, and mild maternal toxicity. Administration of an intravenous dose of 0.10 mg/kg/day (about half the clinical dose on a mg/m2basis) given to rats on Days 6 through 17 of gestation caused an increase in post-implantation mortality. This dose also caused an increase in total fetal malformations. The most frequent malformations were of the eye (microphthalmia, anophthalmia, rosette formation of the retina, coloboma of the retina, ectopic orbit), brain (dilated lateral and third ventricles), skull, and vertebrae.
Lactation
Risk Summary
It is not known whether this drug is present in human milk; however, Topotecan is excreted in rat milk at high concentrations [see Data]. Because many drugs are present in human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants with Topotecan for injection, advise nursing mothers to discontinue breastfeeding during treatment with Topotecan for injection.
Data
Animal Data: Following intravenous administration of Topotecan to lactating rats at a dose of 4.72 mg/m2(about twice the clinical dose on a mg/m2basis), Topotecan was excreted into milk at concentrations up to 48-fold higher than those in plasma.
Females and Males of Reproductive Potential
Contraception
Females: Advise female patients of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with Topotecan for injection and for one month after the last dose. Advise females to contact their healthcare provider if they become pregnant, or if pregnancy is suspected, while taking Topotecan for injection [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].
Males: Topotecan for injection may damage spermatozoa, resulting in possible genetic and fetal abnormalities. Advise males with a female sexual partner of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during and for three months after treatment with Topotecan for injection [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)].
Infertility
Females: Topotecan for injection may have both acute and long-term effects on fertility [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)].
Males: Effects on spermatogenesis have been observed in animals administered Topotecan for injection. Advise males of the potential risk for impaired fertility and to seek counseling on fertility and family planning options prior to starting treatment [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)].
Pediatric Use
Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.
Geriatric Use
Of the 879 patients with metastatic ovarian cancer or small cell lung cancer in clinical trials of Topotecan for injection, 32% (n = 281) were aged 65 years and older, while 3.8% (n = 33) were aged 75 years and older. Of the 140 patients with Stage IV-B, relapsed, or refractory cervical cancer in clinical trials of Topotecan for injection who received Topotecan for injection plus cisplatin in the randomized clinical trial, 6% (n = 9) were 65 years of age and older, while 3% (n = 4) were aged 75 years and older.
No overall differences in effectiveness or safety were observed between these patients and younger adult patients, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger adult patients.
Renal Impairment
The systemic exposure to both Topotecan lactone and total Topotecan increased in patients with moderate renal impairment (Clcr = 20 to 39 mL/min) compared with patients with normal renal function (Clcr greater than 60 mL/min). Reduce the dose of Topotecan for injection in patients with moderate renal impairment (Clcr = 20 to 39 mL/min). No dosage adjustment of Topotecan for injection is recommended for patients with mild renal impairment (Clcr 40 to 60 mL/min) [see Dosage and Administration (2.4), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Insufficient data are available in patients with severe renal impairment (Clcr less than 20mL/min) to provide a dosage recommendation for Topotecan for injection.
Overdosage
Overdoses (up to 10-fold of the prescribed dose) occurred in patients treated with intravenous Topotecan. The primary complication of overdosage is bone marrow suppression. The observed signs and symptoms of overdose are consistent with the known adverse reactions associated with Topotecan for injection for intravenous use [see Adverse Reactions (6.1, 6.2]. In addition, elevated hepatic enzymes and mucositis have been reported following overdose. One patient received a single dose of 40 mg/m2of intravenous Topotecan and developed gastrointestinal toxicity, skin toxicity, and myelosuppresion leading to septic shock. Another patient received a single dose of 35 mg/m2 and experienced severe, reversible neutropenia.
There is no known antidote for overdosage with Topotecan for injection. If an overdose is suspected, monitor the patient for bone marrow suppression and institute supportive-care measures (such as prophylactic use of G-CSF and antibiotic therapy) as appropriate.
Topotecan Description
Topotecan is a semi-synthetic derivative of camptothecin and is an anti-tumor drug with topoisomerase I-inhibitory activity. The chemical name for Topotecan hydrochloride is (S)-10-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-4-ethyl-4,9-dihydroxy-1H-pyrano[3',4':6,7]indolizino[1,2-b]quinoline-3,14-(4H,12H)-dione. 1.25 hydrochloride. It has the molecular formula C23H23N3O5•1.25HCl and a molecular weight of 467.02. It is soluble in water and melts with decomposition at 213° to 218°C.
Topotecan hydrochloride has the following structural formula:
Topotecan for injection is supplied as a sterile, lyophilized, buffered, light yellow to greenish cake powder available in single-dose vials. Each vial contains Topotecan hydrochloride equivalent to 4 mg of Topotecan as free base. The reconstituted solution ranges in color from yellow to yellow-green and is intended for administration by intravenous infusion.
Inactive ingredients are mannitol, 48 mg, and tartaric acid, 20 mg. Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide may be used to adjust the pH. The solution pH ranges from 2.5 to 3.5.
Topotecan - Clinical PharmacologyMechanism of Action
Topoisomerase I relieves torsional strain in DNA by inducing reversible single-strand breaks. Topotecan binds to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and prevents religation of these single-strand breaks. The cytotoxicity of Topotecan is thought to be due to double-strand DNA damage produced during DNA synthesis, when replication enzymes interact with the ternary complex formed by Topotecan, topoisomerase I, and DNA. Mammalian cells cannot efficiently repair these double strand breaks.
Pharmacokinetics
Following administration of Topotecan for injection at doses of 0.5 to 1.5 mg/m2 administered as a 30-minute infusion to cancer patients, Topotecan exhibited multiexponential pharmacokinetics with a terminal half-life of 2 to 3 hours. Total exposure (AUC) is approximately dose-proportional.
Distribution
Binding of Topotecan to plasma proteins is approximately 35%.
Metabolism
Topotecan undergoes a reversible pH-dependent hydrolysis of its lactone moiety; it is the lactone form that is pharmacologically active. At pH ≤4, the lactone is exclusively present, whereas the ring-opened hydroxy-acid form predominates at physiologic pH. In vitro studies in human liver microsomes indicate Topotecan is metabolized to an N-demethylated metabolite. The mean metabolite:parent AUC ratio was about 3% for total Topotecan and Topotecan lactone following IV administration.
Excretion
Renal clearance is the primary route of Topotecan elimination.
In a mass balance/excretion trial in 4 patients with solid tumors, the overall recovery of total Topotecan and its N-desmethyl metabolite in urine and feces over 9 days averaged 73.4% ± 2.3% of the administered IV dose. Mean values of 50.8% ± 2.9% as total Topotecan and 3.1% ± 1.0% as N-desmethyl Topotecan were excreted in the urine following IV administration. Fecal elimination of total Topotecan accounted for 17.9% ± 3.6% while fecal elimination of N-desmethyl Topotecan was 1.7% ± 0.6%. An O-glucuronidation metabolite of Topotecan and N-desmethyl Topotecan has been identified in the urine.
Specific Populations
Gender: Plasma clearance of Topotecan lactone in male patients was approximately 24% higher than that in female patients, largely reflecting difference in body size.
Age: Population pharmacokinetic analysis in female patients did not identify age as a significant factor. Decreased renal clearance, which is common in the elderly, is a more important determinant of Topotecan clearance [see Dosage and Administration (2.4), Use in Specific Populations (8.5)].
Renal Impairment: In patients with mild renal impairment (Clcr = 40 to 60 mL/min), plasma clearance of Topotecan lactone was decreased by 33% compared with patients with normal renal function (Clcr greater than 60 mL/min). In patients with moderate renal impairment (Clcr = 20 to 39 mL/min), plasma clearance of Topotecan lactone was reduced by 65% compared with patients with normal renal function. Dosage adjustment is recommended for patients with moderate renal impairment. No dosage adjustment is required in patients with mild renal impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.4), Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].
Hepatic Impairment: Plasma clearance of Topotecan with hepatic impairment (serum bilirubin levels between 1.7 and 15.0 mg/dL) was decreased by 33% compared with patients with normal hepatic function (serum bilirubin levels less than 1.7 mg/dL).
Drug Interactions
Effects of Topotecan on Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes: In vitro inhibition studies using marker substrates for human P450 CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C8/9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E, CYP3A, or CYP4A or dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase indicate that the activities of these enzymes were not altered by Topotecan.
Cisplatin: Administration of cisplatin (60 or 75 mg/m2 on Day 1) before Topotecan (0.75 mg/m2/day on Days 1 to 5) in 9 patients with ovarian cancer had no significant effect on the Cmax and AUC of total Topotecan.
Topotecan (0.3 mg/m2IV daily on Days 2 to 6) had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of free platinum in 15 patients with ovarian cancer who were administered cisplatin 50 mg/m2 (n = 9) or 75 mg/m2 (n = 6) on Day 2 after paclitaxel 110 mg/m2 on Day 1. Topotecan (0.75 mg/m2IV daily on Days 1 to 5) had no effect on dose-normalized (60 mg/m2) Cmax values of free platinum in 13 patients with ovarian cancer who were administered 60 mg/m2 (n = 10) or 75 mg/m2 (n = 3) cisplatin on Day 1.
Nonclinical ToxicologyCarcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
Carcinogenicity testing of Topotecan has not been performed. Topotecan is known to be genotoxic to mammalian cells and is a probable carcinogen. Topotecan was mutagenic to L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells and clastogenic to cultured human lymphocytes with and without metabolic activation. It was also clastogenic to mouse bone marrow. Topotecan did not cause mutations in bacterial cells.
Topotecan given to female rats prior to mating at a dose of 1.4 mg/m2 IV (about equal to the clinical dose on a mg/m2 basis) caused superovulation possibly related to inhibition of follicular atresia. This dose given to pregnant female rats also caused increased pre-implantation loss. Studies in dogs given 0.4 mg/m2 IV (about 0.25 times the clinical dose on a mg/m2 basis) of Topotecan daily for a month suggest that treatment may cause an increase in the incidence of multinucleated spermatogonial giant cells in the testes. Topotecan may impair fertility in women and men.
Clinical StudiesOvarian Cancer
Topotecan for injection was studied in 2 clinical trials of 223 patients given Topotecan with metastatic ovarian carcinoma. All patients had disease that had recurred on, or was unresponsive to, a platinum-containing regimen. Patients in these 2 trials received an initial dose of 1.5 mg/m2 given by intravenous infusion over 30 minutes for 5 consecutive days, starting on day 1 of a 21-day course.
One trial was a randomized trial of 112 patients treated with Topotecan for injection (1.5 mg/m2/day × 5 days starting on Day 1 of a 21-day course) and 114 patients treated with paclitaxel (175 mg/m2 over 3 hours on Day 1 of a 21-day course). All patients had recurrent ovarian cancer after a platinum-containing regimen or had not responded to at least 1 prior platinum-containing regimen. Patients who did not respond to the trial therapy, or who progressed, could be given the alternative treatment. The efficacy outcome measures were response rate, response duration, and time to progression.
The results of the trial did not show statistically significant improvements in response rates, response duration, time to progression, and overall survival as shown in Table 4.
|
Table 4. Efficacy of Topotecan for Injection versus Paclitaxel in Ovarian Cancer
|
|
HR = hazard-ratio; CI = confidence interval.
|
|
aThe calculation for duration of response was based on the interval between first response and time to progression.
|
|
Parameter
|
Topotecan for Injection
(n=112)
|
Paclitaxel
(n=114)
|
|
Overall response rate (95% CI)
Complete response rate
|
21% (13% to 28%)
5%
|
14% (8% to 20%)
3%
|
|
Partial response rate
|
16%
|
11%
|
|
Response durationa(months)
|
|
|
|
Median (95% CI)
|
6.0 (5.1 to 7.6)
|
5.0 (3.7 to 7.8)
|
|
Time to progression (months)
|
|
|
|
Median (95% CI)
|
4.4 (2.8 to 5.4)
|
3.4 (2.7 to 4.2)
|
|
HR (Topotecan for injection:paclitaxel) (95% CI)
|
0.76 (0.57 to 1.02)
|
|
Survival (months)
|
|
|
|
Median (95% CI)
|
14.5 (10.7 to 16.5)
|
12.2 (9.7 to 15.8)
|
|
HR (Topotecan for injection:paclitaxel) (95% CI)
|
0.97 (0.71 to 1.34)
|
The median time to response was 7.6 weeks (range: 3.1 to 21.7) with Topotecan for injection compared with 6.0 weeks (range: 2.4 to 18.1) with paclitaxel. In the crossover phase, 8 of 61 (13%) patients who received Topotecan for injection after paclitaxel had a partial response and 5 of 49 (10%) patients who received paclitaxel after Topotecan for injection had a response (2 complete responses).
Topotecan for injection was active in ovarian cancer patients who had developed resistance to platinum-containing therapy, defined as tumor progression while on, or tumor relapse within 6 months after completion of, a platinum-containing regimen. One complete and 6 partial responses were seen in 60 patients, for a response rate of 12%. In the same trial, there were no complete responders and 4 partial responders on the paclitaxel arm, for a response rate of 7%.
Topotecan for injection was also studied in an open-label, non-comparative trial in 111 patients with recurrent ovarian cancer after treatment with a platinum-containing regimen, or who had not responded to 1 prior platinum-containing regimen. The response rate was 14% (95% CI: 7% to 20%). The median duration of response was 22 weeks (range: 4.6 to 41.9 weeks). The time to progression was 11.3 weeks (range: 0.7 to 72.1 weeks). The median survival was 67.9 weeks (range: 1.4 to 112.9 weeks).
Small Cell Lung Cancer
Topotecan for injection was studied in 426 patients with recurrent or progressive small cell lung cancer in 1 randomized, comparative trial and in 3 single-arm trials.
Randomized Comparative Trial
In a randomized, comparative, Phase 3 trial, 107 patients were treated with Topotecan for injection (1.5 mg/m2/day × 5 days starting on Day 1 of a 21-day course) and 104 patients were treated with CAV (1,000 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide, 45 mg/m2 doxorubicin, 2 mg vincristine administered sequentially on Day 1 of a 21-day course). All patients were considered sensitive to first-line chemotherapy (responders who then subsequently progressed greater than or equal to 60 days after completion of first-line therapy). A total of 77% of patients treated with Topotecan for injection and 79% of patients treated with CAV received platinum/etoposide with or without other agents as first-line chemotherapy. The efficacy outcome measures were response rate and duration of response.
The results of the trial did not show statistically significant improvements in response rates, response duration, time to progression, and overall survival as shown in Table 5.
|
Table 5. Efficacy of Topotecan For Injection Versus CAV (cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-vincristine) in Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Sensitive to First-Line Chemotherapy
|
|
HR = hazard-ratio; CI = confidence interval.
|
|
aThe calculation for duration of response was based on the interval between first response and time to progression.
|
|
Parameter
|
Topotecan for injection (n=107)
|
CAV
(n=104)
|
|
Overall response rate (95% CI)
|
24% (16% to 32%)
|
18% (11% to 26%)
|
|
Complete response rate
|
0%
|
1%
|
|
Partial response rate
|
24%
|
17%
|
|
Response durationa (months)
Median (95% CI)
|
3.3 (3.0 to 4.1)
|
3.5 (3.0 to 5.3)
|
|
Time to progression (months)
|
|
|
|
Median (95% CI)
|
3.1 (2.6 to 4.1)
|
2.8 (2.5 to 3.2)
|
|
HR (Topotecan for injection:CAV) (95% CI)
|
0.92 (0.69 to 1.22)
|
|
Survival (months)
|
|
|
|
Median (95% CI)
|
5.8 (4.7 to 6.8)
|
5.8 (5.0 to 7.0)
|
|
HR (Topotecan for injection:CAV) (95% CI)
|
1.04 (0.78 to 1.39)
|
The time to response was similar in both arms: Topotecan for injection median of 6 weeks (range: 2.4 to 15.7) versus CAV median 6 weeks (range: 5.1 to 18.1).
Changes on a disease-related symptom scale in patients who received Topotecan for injection or who received CAV are presented in Table 6. It should be noted that not all patients had all symptoms, nor did all patients respond to all questions. Each symptom was rated on a 4-category scale with an improvement defined as a change in 1 category from baseline sustained over 2 courses. Limitations in interpretation of the rating scale and responses preclude formal statistical analysis.
|
Table 6: Percentage of Patients with Symptom Improvementa: Topotecan for Injection versus CAV in Patients with Small Cell Lung Cancer
|
|
aDefined as improvement sustained over at least 2 courses compared with baseline.
|
|
bNumber of patients with baseline and at least 1 post-baseline assessment.
|
|
Symptom
|
Topotecan for injection (n=107)
|
CAV
(n=104)
|
|
|
nb
|
(%)
|
nb
|
(%)
|
|
Shortness of breath
Interference with daily activity
Fatigue
Hoarseness
Cough
Insomnia
Anorexia
Chest pain
Hemoptysis
|
68
67
70
40
69
57
56
44
15
|
(28)
(27)
(23)
(33)
(25)
(33)
(32)
(25)
(27)
|
61
63
65
38
61
53
57
41
12
|
(7)
(11)
(9)
(13)
(15)
(19)
(16)
(17)
(33)
|
Single-Arm Trials:
Topotecan for injection was also studied in 3 open-label, non-comparative trials in a total of 319 patients with recurrent or progressive small cell lung cancer after treatment with first-line chemotherapy. In all 3 trials, patients were stratified as either sensitive (responders who then subsequently progressed greater than or equal to 90 days after completion of first-line therapy) or refractory (no response to first-line chemotherapy or who responded to first-line therapy and then progressed within 90 days of completing first-line therapy). Response rates ranged from 11% to 31% for sensitive patients and 2% to 7% for refractory patients. Median time to progression and median survival were similar in all 3 trials and the comparative trial.
Cervical Cancer
In a comparative trial, 147 eligible women were randomized to Topotecan for injection (0.75 mg/m2/day IV over 30 minutes × 3 consecutive days starting on Day 1 of a 21-day course) plus cisplatin (50 mg/m2 on Day 1) and 146 eligible women were randomized to cisplatin (50 mg/m2 IV on Day 1 of a 21-day course). All patients had histologically confirmed Stage IV-B, recurrent, or persistent carcinoma of the cervix considered not amenable to curative treatment with surgery and/or radiation. Fifty-six percent (56%) of patients treated with Topotecan for injection plus cisplatin and 56% of patients treated with cisplatin had received prior cisplatin with or without other agents as first-line chemotherapy.
Median survival of eligible patients receiving Topotecan for injection plus cisplatin was 9.4 months (95% CI: 7.9 to 11.9) compared with 6.5 months (95% CI: 5.8 to 8.8) among patients randomized to cisplatin alone with a log rank P-value of 0.033 (significance level was 0.044 after adjusting for the interim analysis). The unadjusted hazard ratio for overall survival was 0.76 (95% CI: 0.59 to 0.98).
Figure 1. Overall Survival Curves Comparing Topotecan for Injection plus Cisplatin versus CisplatinMonotherapy in Cervical Cancer Patients
REFERENCES
1. "OSHA Hazardous Drugs." OSHA. http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/hazardousdrugs/index.html.
How Supplied/Storage and HandlingHow Supplied
Topotecan for injection is supplied as a sterile, lyophilized, buffered, light yellow to greenish cake powder. Topotecan for injection is supplied in 4-mg (free base) single-dose vials.
NDC 50742-404-01 (package of 1)
Storage and Handling
Store at 20° to 25°C (68° and 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].
Protect vials from light in the original cartons. Handle and dispose of Topotecan for injection consistent with recommendations for the handling and disposal of hazardous drugs1.
Patient Counseling Information
· Bone Marrow Suppression
Inform patients that Topotecan for injection decreases blood cell counts such as white blood cells, platelets, and red blood cells. Advise patients to notify their healthcare provider promptly for fever, other signs of infection (e.g., chills, cough, or burning pain on urination), or bleeding. Inform patients that frequent blood tests will be performed while taking Topotecan for injection to monitor for the occurrence of bone marrow suppression.
· Embryofetal Toxicity
Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider if they become pregnant, or if pregnancy is suspected during treatment with Topotecan for injection. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment and for 1 month after the last dose of Topotecan for injection. Advise males with a female sexual partner of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment and for 3 months after the last dose of Topotecan for injection [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4), Use in Specific Populations (8.1, 8.3].
· Lactation
Advise nursing mothers to discontinue breastfeeding during treatment with Topotecan for injection [see Use in Specific Populations (8.2)].
· Infertility
Advise male and female patients of the potential risk for impaired fertility and possible family planning options [see Use in Specific Populations (8.3)].
· Asthenia and Fatigue
Advise patients that Topotecan for injection may cause asthenia or fatigue. These symptoms may impair the ability to safely drive or operate machinery.
Manufactured for:
Ingenus Pharmaceuticals, LLC
4190 Millenia Boulevard, Orlando,
FL 32839-6408.
Customer toll free number: 1-877-748-1970
Manufactured by:
Ingensu Pharamceuticals, GmbH
Via Cadepiano 24, Barbengo,
Ticino 6917, Switzerland
Revised: 12/2016
PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL
Vial label
Carton label
|
Topotecan Topotecan injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution
|
|
Product Information
|
|
Product Type
|
HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL
|
Item Code (Source)
|
NDC:50742-404
|
|
Route of Administration
|
INTRAVENOUS
|
DEA Schedule
|
|
|
|
Active Ingredient/Active Moiety
|
|
Ingredient Name
|
Basis of Strength
|
Strength
|
|
Topotecan HYDROCHLORIDE (Topotecan)
|
Topotecan
|
4 mg in 4 mL
|
|
|
Inactive Ingredients
|
|
Ingredient Name
|
Strength
|
|
MANNITOL
|
|
|
TARTARIC ACID
|
|
|
SODIUM HYDROXIDE
|
|
|
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
|
|
|
|
|
|
Packaging
|
|
#
|
Item Code
|
Package Description
|
|
|
1
|
NDC:50742-404-01
|
4 mL in 1 VIAL
|
|
|
|
|
|
Marketing Information
|
|
Marketing Category
|
Application Number or Monograph Citation
|
Marketing Start Date
|
Marketing End Date
|
|
ANDA
|
ANDA206962
|
12/07/2016
|
|
|
|
Labeler - Ingenus Pharmaceuticals, LLC (833250017)
|
|
Registrant - Novast Laboratories, Ltd. (527695995)
|
|
Establishment
|
|
Name
|
Address
|
ID/FEI
|
Operations
|
|
Ingenus Pharmaceuticals GmbH
|
|
482730327
|
analysis(50742-404), label(50742-404), manufacture(50742-404), pack(50742-404), sterilize(50742-404)
|
Revised: 09/2017
Ingenus Pharmaceuticals, LLC
