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2012年1月20日美国食品和药物管理局批准Kalydeco（ivacaftor）用于治疗囊性纤维化跨膜转导调节器（CFTR）基因发生了特定的G551D突变的年龄≥6岁的罕见囊性纤维化（CF）患者。

Kalydeco是一种用于存在G551D突变的患者的日服2次的药丸，与富含脂肪的食物一起服用，该药有助于CFTR基因功能更好地制造蛋白质，并从而改善患者的肺功能和CF导致的其他方面的问题，如体重日益增加。

"Kalydeco是现有的第一种针对缺陷CFTR蛋白的疗法，而CFTR蛋白发生缺陷正是囊性纤维化的根本原因，"FDA药物评价与研究中心主任、医学博士Janet Woodcock说。"这种疗法对囊性纤维化患者群体来说是一项突破，因为目前的疗法仅能治疗这种遗传病的症状。" 采用两项涉及213例患者的为期48周的安慰剂对照临床研究对Kalydeco用于存在G551D突变的CF患者的安全性和有效性进行评价，其中一项研究患者年龄≥12岁，另一项患者年龄为6~11岁。在这两项研究中，Kalydeco治疗均能使患者的肺功能得到显著且持续的改善。

 

批准日期：2012年1月31日；公司：Vertex制药
KALYDECO®（ivacaftor）片剂，口服使用
KALYDECO®（ivacaftor）口服冲剂
最初美国批准：2012
目前的主要变化
适应证和用途  03/2015
用法与用量  03/2015
警告和注意事项  03/2015

作用机理
Ivacaftor是CFTR蛋白的增效剂。的CFTR蛋白是氯离子通道存在于多个器官的上皮细胞的表面上。 Ivacaftor便于通过加强的CFTR蛋白的通道开放概率（或选通）增加的氯化物转运。
在体外，ivacaftor增加在表达下列另外一个环磷酸腺苷的G551D-CFTR蛋白啮齿动物细胞的CFTR介导的跨上皮电流（IT）的（cAMP）的激动剂以100±47纳米的EC 50;然而，ivacaftor没有增加IT在没有cAMP的激动剂。 Ivacaftor还表达以下加入的cAMP激动剂以10倍带236±200nm的EC 50 G551D-CFTR蛋白的人类支气管上皮细胞增多的IT。 Ivacaftor此外PKA和ATP后6倍，与未处理的细胞增加G551D-CFTR蛋白在利用表达G551D-CFTR蛋白啮齿类动物细胞膜补丁单通道膜片钳实验的开放概率。除了G551D-CFTR，ivacaftor增加的啮齿动物细胞表达的其他CFTR突变形式通道开放概率，从而增强了CFTR介导的。这些突变CFTR形式包括G178R-，S549N-，S549R-，G551S-，G970R-，G1244E-，S1251N-，S1255P-和G1349D-CFTR。Ivacaftor还增效R117H-CFTR，其具有低通道开放概率（选通）和比较正常的CFTR缩减信道电流幅度（电导）的通道开放概率。在体外反应不必对应于在体内药效学反应或临床益处
适应症和用法
KALYDECO是囊性纤维化跨膜传导调节患者年龄为囊性纤维化（CF）的治疗中指示因子（CFTR）增强剂2年以上谁在CFTR基因下列突变中的一个：G551D，G1244E，G1349D，G178R，G551S ，S1251N，S1255P，S549N，或S549R。
KALYDECO的适应症为CF的患者治疗2岁及以上谁在CFTR基因的R117H突变。
如果患者的基因型是未知的，FDA批准的CF突变试验时，应使用通过使用突变测试指令推荐以检测CFTR突变随后验证与双向测序的存在。
使用限制：
不能有效CF患者谁是纯合的CFTR基因的F508del突变。
用法用量
成人和儿童患者6岁及以上内服：每12小时与含脂肪的食物，150毫克的片剂。
小儿患者2至小于6岁，小于14。KG：与软的食物或液体和给予每12小时口服1茶匙（5毫升）含脂肪的食品混个50毫克包。
小儿患者2至小于6岁和14 kg或更大：一是75毫克包用软食或液体1茶匙（5毫升）混合，口服含脂肪的食物，每12小时。
儿科病人不到2岁：不推荐。
患者减少剂量中度和重度肝功能损害。
减少药物有中度或强CYP3A抑制剂时，共同给药剂量。
剂型和规格
片剂：150毫克
口服颗粒剂：50毫克和75毫克单位剂量包
禁忌症
没有
警告和注意事项
转氨酶升高（ALT或AST）：转氨酶（ALT和AST）应在治疗的第一年开始KALYDECO，每3个月前进行评估，以后每年一次。患者转氨酶升高的历史，肝功能检查更频繁的监测，应考虑。患者谁开发增加转氨酶水平应密切监测，直至异常解决。给药患者应ALT或大于5倍正常上限（ULN）的上限的AST中断。继转氨酶升高的分辨率，考虑收益和恢复KALYDECO剂量的风险。
与CYP3A诱导使用：具有强CYP3A诱导伴随使用（例如，利福平，圣约翰草），大大降低ivacaftor的曝光，这可能会降低效率。因此，不建议共施用。
白内障：非先天性晶状体混浊/白内障已经报道与KALYDECO治疗儿科患者。基线和随访检查，建议在儿童患者开始KALYDECO治疗。
不良反应
最常见的不良反应为KALYDECO为头痛，口咽部疼痛，上呼吸道感染，鼻塞，腹痛，鼻咽炎，腹泻，皮疹（在CF患者谁在CFTR基因一个G551D突变≥8％发生） ，恶心，头晕等。
药物相互作用
CYP3A抑制剂：降低KALYDECO剂量一种片剂或颗粒的一个分组，每周两次用强CYP3A抑制剂（例如，酮康唑），当共同施用。减少KALYDECO剂量一种片剂或颗粒的一个分组，每天一次中度CYP3A抑制剂（例如，氟康唑）当共同施用。避免含食品柚子或橘子塞维利亚。

 

KALYDECO® 
(ivacaftor) Tablets and Oral Granules

DESCRIPTION

The active ingredient in KALYDECO tablets and oral granules is ivacaftor, a cystic fibrosistransmembrane conductance regulator potentiator, which has the following chemical name: N-(2,4-di-tert-butyl-5-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxamide. Its molecular formula is C24H28N2O3 and its molecular weight is 392.49. Ivacaftor has the following structural formula:

Ivacaftor is a white to off-white powder that is practically insoluble in water (<0.05 microgram/mL).

KALYDECO is available as a light blue, capsule-shaped, film-coated tablet for oral administration containing 150 mg of ivacaftor. Each KALYDECO tablet contains 150 mg of ivacaftor and the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, hypromellose acetate succinate, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and sodium lauryl sulfate. The tablet film coat contains carnauba wax, FD&C Blue #2, PEG 3350, polyvinyl alcohol, talc, and titanium dioxide. The printing ink contains ammonium hydroxide, iron oxide black, propylene glycol, and shellac.

KALYDECO is also available as white to off-white granules for oral administration (sweetened but unflavored) and enclosed in a unit-dose packet containing 50 mg of ivacaftor or 75 mg of ivacaftor. Each unit-dose packet of KALYDECO oral granules contains 50 mg of ivacaftor or 75 mg of ivacaftor and the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, hypromellose acetate succinate, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, mannitol, sucralose, and sodium lauryl sulfate.

Indications

INDICATIONS

KALYDECO is a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) potentiator indicated for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) in patients age 2 years and older who have one mutation in the CFTR gene that is responsive to ivacaftor potentiation based on clinical and/or in vitro assay data [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY and Clinical Studies].

If the patient's genotype is unknown, an FDA-cleared CF mutation test should be used to detect the presence of a CFTR mutation followed by verification with bi-directional sequencing when recommended by the mutation test instructions for use.

Dosage

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATIONGeneral Dosing Information

KALYDECO should be taken with fat-containing food. Examples include eggs, butter, peanut butter, cheese pizza, whole-milk dairy products (such as whole milk, cheese, and yogurt), etc. [seeCLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY and Patient Counseling Information].

Dosing Information In Adults And Children Ages 6 Years And Older

The recommended dose of KALYDECO for both adults and pediatric patients ages 6 years and older is one 150 mg tablet taken orally every 12 hours (300 mg total daily dose) with fat-containing food [see General Dosing Information].

Dosing Information In Pediatric Patients Ages 2 To Less Than 6 Years

The recommended dose of KALYDECO (oral granules) for patients ages 2 to less than 6 years is weight-based according to Table 1.

Table 1: Dosage of KALYDECO Oral Granules by Body Weight in Pediatric Patients Ages 2 to less than 6 Years

The entire contents of each packet of oral granules should be mixed with one teaspoon (5 mL) of age-appropriate soft food or liquid and completely consumed. Food or liquid should be at or below room temperature. Once mixed, the product has been shown to be stable for one hour, and therefore should be consumed during this period. Some examples of soft foods or liquids may include puréed fruits or vegetables, yogurt, applesauce, water, milk, or juice. Each dose should be administered just before or just after fat-containing food [see General Dosing Information].

Dosing Information In Pediatric Patients Less Than 2 Years

A safe and efficacious dose of KALYDECO for pediatric patients less than 2 years of age has not been established. The use of KALYDECO (oral granules) in children under the age of 2 years is not recommended.

Dosage Adjustment For Patients With Hepatic Impairment

The dose of KALYDECO should be reduced to one tablet or one packet of oral granules once daily for patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class B). KALYDECO should be used with caution in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C) at a dose of one tablet or one packet of oral granules once daily or less frequently [see Use In Specific Populations, CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, and PATIENT INFORMATION].

Dosage Adjustment For Patients Taking Drugs That Are CYP3A Inhibitors

When KALYDECO is being co-administered with strong CYP3A inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole), the dose should be reduced to one tablet or one packet of oral granules twice a week. The dose of KALYDECO should be reduced to one tablet or one packet of granules once daily when co-administered with moderate CYP3A inhibitors (e.g., fluconazole). Food containing grapefruit or Seville oranges should be avoided [see DRUG INTERACTIONS, CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, and PATIENT INFORMATION].

HOW SUPPLIEDDosage Forms And Strengths

Tablets: 150 mg; supplied as light blue, film-coated, capsule-shaped tablets containing 150 mg of ivacaftor. Each tablet is printed with the characters “V 150” on one side and plain on the other.

Oral granules: Unit-dose packets containing 50 mg or 75 mg per packet; supplied as small, white to off-white granules and enclosed in unit-dose packets.

Storage And Handling

KALYDECO (ivacaftor) tablets are supplied as light blue, film-coated, capsule-shaped tablets containing 150 mg of ivacaftor. Each tablet is printed with the characters “V 150” on one side and plain on the other, and is packaged as follows:

56-count carton (contains 4 individual blister cards of 14 tablets per card) NDC 51167-200-01

60-count bottle NDC 51167-200-02

KALYDECO (ivacaftor) oral granules are supplied as small, white to off-white granules and enclosed in unit-dose packets as follows:

56-count carton (contains 56 unit-dose packets of 50 mg ivacaftor per packet) NDC 51167-300-01

56-count carton (contains 56 unit-dose packets of 75 mg ivacaftor per packet) NDC 51167-400-01

Store at 20-25°C (68-77°F); excursions permitted to 15-30°C (59-86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].

Manufactured for Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Boston, MA 02210. Revised : Aug 2017

Side Effects

SIDE EFFECTS

The following adverse reaction is discussed in greater detail in other sections of the label:

· Transaminase Elevations [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]

Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.

The overall safety profile of KALYDECO is based on pooled data from three placebo-controlled clinical trials conducted in 353 patients 6 years of age and older with CF who had a G551D mutation in the CFTR gene (Trials 1 and 2) or were homozygous for the F508del mutation (Trial 3). In addition, the following clinical trials have also been conducted [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY and Clinical Studies]:

· An 8-week, crossover design trial (Trial 4) involving 39 patients between the ages of 6 and 57 years with a G1244E, G1349D, G178R, G551S, G970R, S1251N, S1255P, S549N, or S549R mutation in the CFTR gene.

· A 24-week, placebo-controlled trial (Trial 5) involving 69 patients between the ages of 6 and 68 years with an R117H mutation in the CFTR gene.

· A 24-week, open-label trial (Trial 6) in 34 patients 2 to less than 6 years of age. Patients eligible for Trial 6 were those with the G551D, G1244E, G1349D, G178R, G551S, G970R, S1251N, S1255P, S549N, or S549R mutation in the CFTR gene. Of 34 patients enrolled, 32 had the G551D mutation and 2 had the S549N mutation.

· An 8-week, crossover design trial (Trial 7) involving patients between the ages of 12 and 72 years who were heterozygous for the F508del mutation and a second CFTR mutation predicted to be responsive to ivacaftor. A total of 156 patients were randomized to and received KALYDECO.

Of the 353 patients included in the pooled analyses of patients with CF who had either a G551D mutation or were homozygous for the F508del mutation in the CFTR gene, 50% of patients were female and 97% were Caucasian; 221 received KALYDECO, and 132 received placebo from 16 to 48 weeks.

The proportion of patients who prematurely discontinued study drug due to adverse reactions was 2% for KALYDECO-treated patients and 5% for placebo-treated patients. Serious adverse reactions, whether considered drug-related or not by the investigators, that occurred more frequently in KALYDECO-treated patients included abdominal pain, increased hepatic enzymes, and hypoglycemia.

The most common adverse reactions in the 221 patients treated with KALYDECO were headache (17%), upper respiratory tract infection (16%), nasal congestion (16%), nausea (10%), rash (10%), rhinitis (6%), dizziness (5%), arthralgia (5%), and bacteria in sputum (5%).

The incidence of adverse reactions below is based upon two double-blind, placebo-controlled, 48-week clinical trials (Trials 1 and 2) in a total of 213 patients with CF ages 6 to 53 who have a G551D mutation in the CFTR gene and who were treated with KALYDECO 150 mg orally or placebo twice daily. Table 2 shows adverse reactions occurring in ≥8% of KALYDECO-treated patients with CF who have a G551D mutation in the CFTR gene that also occurred at a higher rate than in the placebo-treated patients in the two double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.

Table 2: Incidence of Adverse Drug Reactions in ≥8% of KALYDECO-Treated Patients with a G551D Mutation in the CFTR Gene and Greater than Placebo in 2 Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Clinical Trials of 48 Weeks Duration

Adverse reactions in the 48-week clinical trials that occurred in the KALYDECO group at a frequency of 4 to 7% where rates exceeded that in the placebo group include:

Infections and infestations: rhinitis

Investigations: aspartate aminotransferase increased, bacteria in sputum, blood glucose increased, hepatic enzyme increased

Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: arthralgia, musculoskeletal chest pain, myalgia

Nervous system disorders: sinus headache

Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: pharyngeal erythema, pleuritic pain, sinuscongestion, wheezing

Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: acne

The safety profile for the CF patients enrolled in the other clinical trials (Trials 3-7) was similar to that observed in the 48-week, placebo-controlled trials (Trials 1 and 2).

Laboratory Abnormalities

Transaminase Elevations

In Trials 1, 2, and 3 the incidence of maximum transaminase (ALT or AST) >8, >5, or >3 x ULN was 2%, 2%, and 6% in KALYDECO-treated patients and 2%, 2%, and 8% in placebo-treated patients, respectively. Two patients (2%) on placebo and 1 patient (0.5%) on KALYDECO permanently discontinued treatment for elevated transaminases, all >8 x ULN. Two patients treated with KALYDECO were reported to have serious adverse reactions of elevated liver transaminases compared to none on placebo. Transaminase elevations were more common in patients with a history of transaminase elevations [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

During the 24-week, open-label, clinical trial in 34 patients ages 2 to less than 6 years (Trial 6), where patients received either 50 mg (less than 14 kg) or 75 mg (14 kg or greater) ivacaftor granules twice daily, the incidence of patients experiencing transaminase elevations (ALT or AST) >3 x ULN was 14.7% (5/34). All 5 patients had maximum ALT or AST levels >8 x ULN, which returned to baseline levels following interruption of KALYDECO dosing. Transaminase elevations were more common in patients who had abnormal transaminases at baseline. KALYDECO was permanently discontinued in one patient [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Drug Interactions

DRUG INTERACTIONS

Potential for other drugs to affect ivacaftor

Inhibitors Of CYP3A

Ivacaftor is a sensitive CYP3A substrate. Co-administration with ketoconazole, a strong CYP3A inhibitor, significantly increased ivacaftor exposure [measured as area under the curve (AUC)] by 8.5-fold. Based on simulations of these results, a reduction of the KALYDECO dose is recommended when co-administered with strong CYP3A inhibitors, such as ketoconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, telithromycin, and clarithromycin, as follows: in patients 6 years and older reduce dose to one 150 mg tablet twice a week; in patients 2 to less than 6 years with body weight less than 14 kg, reduce dose to one 50 mg packet of granules twice a week; and in patients 2 to less than 6 years with body weight 14 kg or greater, reduce dose to one 75 mg packet of granules twice a week.

Co-administration with fluconazole, a moderate inhibitor of CYP3A, increased ivacaftor exposure by 3-fold. Therefore, a reduction of the KALYDECO dose is recommended for patients taking concomitant moderate CYP3A inhibitors, such as fluconazole and erythromycin, as follows: in patients 6 years and older reduce dose to one 150 mg tablet once daily; in patients 2 to less than 6 years with body weight less than 14 kg, reduce dose to one 50 mg packet of granules once daily; and in patients 2 to less than 6 years with body weight 14 kg or greater, reduce dose to one 75 mg packet of granules once daily.

Co-administration of KALYDECO with grapefruit juice, which contains one or more components that moderately inhibit CYP3A, may increase exposure of ivacaftor. Therefore, food containing grapefruit or Seville oranges should be avoided during treatment with KALYDECO [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].

Inducers Of CYP3A

Co-administration with rifampin, a strong CYP3A inducer, significantly decreased ivacaftor exposure (AUC) by approximately 9-fold. Therefore, co-administration with strong CYP3A inducers, such as rifampin, rifabutin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, phenytoin, and St. John's wort is not recommended [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].

Ciprofloxacin

Co-administration of KALYDECO with ciprofloxacin had no effect on the exposure of ivacaftor. Therefore, no dose adjustment is necessary during concomitant administration of KALYDECO with ciprofloxacin [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].

Potential for ivacaftor to affect other drugs

CYP3A And/Or P-gp Substrates

Ivacaftor and its M1 metabolite have the potential to inhibit CYP3A and P-gp. Co-administration with oral midazolam, a sensitive CYP3A substrate, increased midazolam exposure 1.5-fold, consistent with weak inhibition of CYP3A by ivacaftor. Co-administration with digoxin, a sensitive P-gp substrate, increased digoxin exposure by 1.3-fold, consistent with weak inhibition of P-gp by ivacaftor. Administration of KALYDECO may increase systemic exposure of drugs that are substrates of CYP3A and/or P-gp, which may increase or prolong their therapeutic effect and adverse events. Therefore, caution and appropriate monitoring are recommended when co-administering KALYDECO with sensitive CYP3A and/or P-gp substrates, such as digoxin, cyclosporine, and tacrolimus [seeCLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].

Warnings & Precautions

WARNINGS

Included as part of the PRECAUTIONS section.

PRECAUTIONSTransaminase (ALT Or AST) Elevations

Elevated transaminases have been reported in patients with CF receiving KALYDECO. It is recommended that ALT and AST be assessed prior to initiating KALYDECO, every 3 months during the first year of treatment, and annually thereafter. For patients with a history of transaminase elevations, more frequent monitoring of liver function tests should be considered. Patients who develop increased transaminase levels should be closely monitored until the abnormalities resolve. Dosing should be interrupted in patients with ALT or AST of greater than 5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN). Following resolution of transaminase elevations, consider the benefits and risks of resuming KALYDECO dosing [see ADVERSE REACTIONS and Use In Specific Populations].

Concomitant Use With CYP3A Inducers

Use of KALYDECO with strong CYP3A inducers, such as rifampin, substantially decreases the exposure of ivacaftor, which may reduce the therapeutic effectiveness of KALYDECO. Therefore, co-administration of KALYDECO with strong CYP3A inducers (e.g., rifampin, St. John's wort) is not recommended [see DRUG INTERACTIONS and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].

Cataracts

Cases of non-congenital lens opacities/cataracts have been reported in pediatric patients treated with KALYDECO. Although other risk factors were present in some cases (such as corticosteroid use and/or exposure to radiation), a possible risk attributable to KALYDECO cannot be excluded. Baseline and follow-up ophthalmological examinations are recommended in pediatric patients initiating KALYDECO treatment.

Patient Counseling Information

Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (PATIENT INFORMATION).

Transaminase (ALT or AST) Elevations And Monitoring

Inform patients that elevation in liver tests have occurred in patients treated with KALYDECO. Liver function tests will be performed prior to initiating KALYDECO, every 3 months during the first year of treatment and annually thereafter. More frequent monitoring of liver function tests should be considered in patients with a history of transaminase elevations [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Drug Interactions With CYP3A Inducers And Inhibitors

Ask patients to tell you all the medications they are taking including any herbal supplements or vitamins. Co-administration of KALYDECO with strong CYP3A inducers (e.g., rifampin, St. John's wort) is not recommended, as they may reduce the therapeutic effectiveness of KALYDECO. Reduction of the dose of KALYDECO to one tablet or one packet of granules twice a week is recommended when co-administered with strong CYP3A inhibitors, such as ketoconazole. Dose reduction to one tablet or one packet of granules once daily is recommended when co-administered with moderate CYP3A inhibitors, such as fluconazole. Food containing grapefruit or Seville oranges should be avoided [see DRUG INTERACTIONS  and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].

Use In Patients With Hepatic Impairment

Inquire and/or assess whether patients have liver impairment. Reduce the dose of KALYDECO in patients with moderately impaired hepatic function (Child-Pugh Class B, score 7-9) to one tablet or one packet of granules once daily. KALYDECO has not been studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C, score 10-15); however, exposure is expected to be substantially higher than that observed in patients with moderate hepatic impairment. When benefits are expected to outweigh the risks, KALYDECO should be used with caution in patients with severe hepatic impairment at a dose of one tablet or one packet of granules given once daily or less frequently. No dose adjustment is recommended for patients with mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class A, score 5-6) [see Use In Specific Populations].

Administration

KALYDECO® (ivacaftor) tablets 150 mg Inform patients that KALYDECO tablet is best absorbed by the body when taken with food that contains fat. A typical CF diet will satisfy this requirement. Examples include eggs, butter, peanut butter, cheese pizza, whole-milk dairy products (such as whole milk, cheese, and yogurt), etc.

KALYDECO® (ivacaftor) oral granules 50 mg or 75 mg Inform patients and caregivers that KALYDECO oral granules should be mixed with one teaspoon (5 mL) of age-appropriate soft food or liquid and completely consumed to ensure delivery of the entire dose. Food or liquid should be at or below room temperature. Once mixed, the product has been shown to be stable for one hour, and therefore should be consumed during this period. Some examples of appropriate soft foods or liquids may include puréed fruits or vegetables, yogurt, applesauce, water, milk, or juice.

Inform patients and caregivers that KALYDECO is best absorbed by the body when taken with food that contains fat; therefore, KALYDECO oral granules should be taken just before or just after consuming food that contains fat. A typical CF diet will satisfy this requirement. Examples include eggs, butter, peanut butter, cheese pizza, whole-milk dairy products (such as whole milk, cheese, and yogurt), etc.

Patients should be informed about what to do in the event they miss a dose of KALYDECO:

· In case a dose of KALYDECO is missed within 6 hours of the time it is usually taken, patients should be instructed to take the prescribed dose of KALYDECO with fat-containing food as soon as possible.

· If more than 6 hours have passed since KALYDECO is usually taken, the missed dose should NOT be taken and the patient should resume the usual dosing schedule.

· Patients should be advised to contact their health care provider if they have questions.

Cataracts

Inform patients that abnormality of the eye lens (cataract) has been noted in some children and adolescents receiving KALYDECO. Baseline and follow-up ophthalmological examinations should be performed in pediatric patients initiating KALYDECO treatment [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS].

Nonclinical ToxicologyCarcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment Of Fertility

Two-year studies were conducted in CD-1 mice and Sprague-Dawley rats to assess carcinogenicpotential of KALYDECO. No evidence of tumorigenicity was observed in mice or rats at ivacaftor oral doses up to 200 mg/kg/day and 50 mg/kg/day, respectively (approximately equal to 1 and 4 times the MRHD based on summed AUCs of ivacaftor and its metabolites).

Ivacaftor was negative for genotoxicity in the following assays: Ames test for bacterial gene mutation, in vitro chromosomal aberration assay in Chinese hamster ovary cells, and in vivo mouse micronucleus test.

Ivacaftor impaired fertility and reproductive performance indices in male and female rats at 200 mg/kg/day (yielding exposures approximately 8 and 5 times, respectively, the MRHD based on summed AUCs of ivacaftor and its major metabolites). Increases in prolonged diestrus were observed in females at 200 mg/kg/day. Ivacaftor also increased the number of females with all nonviable embryos and decreased corpora lutea, implantations, and viable embryos in rats at 200 mg/kg/day (approximately 5 times the MRHD based on summed AUCs of ivacaftor and its major metabolites) when dams were dosed prior to and during early pregnancy. These impairments of fertility and reproductive performance in male and female rats at 200 mg/kg/day were attributed to severe toxicity. No effects on male or female fertility and reproductive performance indices were observed at ≤100 mg/kg/day (yielding exposures approximately 6 and 3 times, respectively, the MRHD based on summed AUCs of ivacaftor and its major metabolites).

Use In Specific PopulationsPregnancyRisk Summary

There are limited and incomplete human data from clinical trials and post marketing reports on use of KALYDECO in pregnant women. In animal reproduction studies, oral administration of ivacaftor to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis demonstrated no teratogenicity or adverse effects on fetal development at doses that produced maternal exposures up to approximately 5 (rats) and 11 (rabbits) times the exposure at the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD). No adverse developmental effects were observed after oral administration of ivacaftor to pregnant rats from organogenesis through lactation at doses that produced maternal exposures approximately 3 times the exposures at the MRHD, respectively (see Data).

The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects is 2% to 4% and miscarriage is 15% to 20% in clinically recognized pregnancies.

Data

Animal Data

In an embryo-fetal development study in pregnant rats dosed during the period of organogenesis from gestation days 7-17, ivacaftor was not teratogenic and did not affect fetal survival at exposures up to 5 times the MRHD (based on summed AUCs for ivacaftor and its metabolites at maternal oral doses up to 200 mg/kg/day). In an embryo-fetal development study in pregnant rabbits dosed during the period of organogenesis from gestation days 7-19, ivacaftor was not teratogenic and did not affect fetal development or survival at exposures up to 11 times the MRHD (on an ivacaftor AUC basis at maternal oral doses up to 100 mg/kg/day). In a pre-and postnatal development study in pregnant female rats dosed from gestation day 7 through lactation day 20, ivacaftor had no effects on delivery or growth and development of offspring at exposures up to 3 times the MRHD (based on summed AUCs for ivacaftor and its metabolites at maternal oral doses up to 100 mg/kg/day). Decreased fetal body weights were observed at a maternally toxic dose that produced exposures 5 times the MRHD (based on summed AUCs for ivacaftor and its metabolites at a maternal oral dose of 200 mg/kg/day). Placental transfer of ivacaftor was observed in pregnant rats and rabbits.

LactationRisk Summary

There is no information regarding the presence of ivacaftor in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. Ivacaftor is excreted into the milk of lactating rats; however, due to species-specific differences in lactation physiology, animal lactation data may not reliably predict levels in human milk (see Data). The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for KALYDECO, and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from KALYDECO or from the underlying maternal condition.

Data

Lacteal excretion of ivacaftor in rats was demonstrated following a single oral dose (100 mg/kg) of 14C-ivacaftor administered 9 to 10 days postpartum to lactating mothers (dams). Exposure (AUC0-24h) values for ivacaftor in milk were approximately 1.5 times higher than plasma levels.

Pediatric Use

KALYDECO is indicated for the treatment CF in pediatric patients age 2-17 years of age who have one mutation in the CFTR gene that is responsive to ivacaftor potentiation based on clinical and/or in vitro assay data [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY and Clinical Studies].

Clinical trials included the following CF patients:

· 6 to 17 years of age with a G551D, G1244E, G1349D, G178R, G551S, S1251N, S1255P, S549N, S549R, or R117H mutation in the CFTR gene [see ADVERSE REACTIONS and Clinical Studies].

· 12 to 17 years of age who are heterozygous for the F508del mutation and a second mutation predicted to be responsive to ivacaftor [see ADVERSE REACTIONS and Clinical Studies].

The efficacy of KALYDECO in patients 2 to less than 6 years was extrapolated from patients 6 years of age and older with support from population pharmacokinetic analyses showing similar drug exposure levels in adults and children 2 to less than 6 years of age [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY]. Safety of KALYDECO in this population was derived from a 24 week, open label, clinical trial in 34 patients ages 2 to less than 6 years (mean age 3 years) administered either 50 mg or 75 mg of ivacaftor granules twice daily (Trial 6). The type and frequency of adverse reactions in this trial were similar to those in patients 6 years and older. Transaminase elevations were more common in patients who had abnormal transaminases at baseline [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and ADVERSE REACTIONS].

The safety and efficacy of KALYDECO in patients with CF younger than 2 years of age have not been studied. The use of KALYDECO in children under the age of 2 years is not recommended.

Juvenile Animal Toxicity Data

In a juvenile toxicology study in which ivacaftor was administered to rats from postnatal days 7 to 35, cataracts were observed at all dose levels, ranging from 0.1 to 0.8 times the MRHD (based on summed AUCs for ivacaftor and its metabolites at oral doses of 10-50 mg/kg/day). This finding has not been observed in older animals.

Geriatric Use

CF is largely a disease of children and young adults. Clinical trials of KALYDECO did not include sufficient numbers of patients 65 years of age and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger patients.

Hepatic Impairment

No dose adjustment is necessary for patients with mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class A). A reduced dose of KALYDECO is recommended in patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class B), as follows: in patients 6 years and older, one 150 mg tablet once daily; in patients 2 to less than 6 years with body weight less than 14 kg, one 50 mg packet of granules once daily; and in patients 2 to less than 6 years with body weight 14 kg or greater, one 75 mg packet of granules once daily. Studies have not been conducted in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C), but exposure is expected to be higher than in patients with moderate hepatic impairment. Therefore, use with caution at a dose of one tablet or one packet of granules once daily or less frequently in patients with severe hepatic impairment after weighing the risks and benefits of treatment [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY].

Renal Impairment

KALYDECO has not been studied in patients with mild, moderate, or severe renal impairment or in patients with end-stage renal disease. No dose adjustment is necessary for patients with mild to moderate renal impairment; however, caution is recommended while using KALYDECO in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than or equal to 30 mL/min) or end-stage renal disease.

Overdosage & Contraindications

OVERDOSE

There have been no reports of overdose with KALYDECO.

The highest single dose used in a clinical study was 800 mg in a solution formulation without any treatment-related adverse events.

The highest repeated dose was 450 mg (in a tablet formulation) every 12 hours for 4.5 days (9 doses) in a trial evaluating the effect of KALYDECO on ECGs in healthy subjects. Adverse events reported at a higher incidence compared to placebo included dizziness and diarrhea.

No specific antidote is available for overdose with KALYDECO. Treatment of overdose with KALYDECO consists of general supportive measures including monitoring of vital signs and observation of the clinical status of the patient.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

None.

Clinical Pharmacology

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGYMechanism Of Action

Ivacaftor is a potentiator of the CFTR protein. The CFTR protein is a chloride channel present at the surface of epithelial cells in multiple organs. Ivacaftor facilitates increased chloride transport by potentiating the channel open probability (or gating) of CFTR protein located at the cell surface. The overall level of ivacaftor-mediated CFTR chloride transport is dependent on the amount of CFTR protein at the cell surface and how responsive a particular mutant CFTR protein is to ivacaftor potentiation.

CFTR Chloride Transport Assay In Fisher Rat Thyroid (FRT) Cells Expressing Mutant CFTR

In order to evaluate the response of mutant CFTR protein to ivacaftor, total chloride transport was determined in Ussing chamber electrophysiology studies using a panel of FRT cell lines transfected with individual CFTR mutations. Ivacaftor increased chloride transport in FRT cells expressing CFTR mutations that result in CFTR protein being delivered to the cell surface.

Data shown in Figure 1 are the mean (n=3-7) net change over baseline in CFTR mediated chloride transport following the addition of ivacaftor in FRT cells expressing mutant CFTR proteins. The in vitro CFTR chloride response threshold was designated as a net increase of at least 10% of normal over baseline (dotted line) because it is predictive or reasonably expected to predict clinical benefit. Mutations with an increase in chloride transport of 10% or greater are considered responsive. A patient must have at least one CFTR mutation responsive to ivacaftor to be indicated. Mutations including F508del that are not responsive to ivacaftor potentiation, based on the in vitro CFTR chloride response threshold, are listed in Figure 1 below the dotted line.

Figure 1: Net Change Over Baseline (% of Normal) in CFTR-Mediated Chloride Transport Following Addition of Ivacaftor in FRT Cells Expressing Mutant CFTR (Ussing Chamber Electrophysiology Data)

*Clinical data exist for these mutations [see Clinical Studies].

#A46D, G85E, E92K, P205S, R334W,R347P, T338I, S492F, I507del, V520F, A559T, R560S, R560T, A561E, L927P, H1054D, G1061R, L1065P, R1066C, R1066H, R1066M, L1077P, H1085R, M1101K, W1282X, N1303K mutations in the CFTR gene do not meet the threshold of change in CFTR mediated chloride transport of at least 10% of normal over baseline.

Note that splice mutations cannot be studied in this FRT assay and are not included in Figure 1. Evidence of clinical efficacy exists for non-canonical splice mutations 2789+5G→A, 3272-26A→G, 3849+10kbC→T, 711+3A→G and E831X and these are listed in Table 3 below [see also Clinical Studies]. The G970R mutation causes a splicing defect resulting in little-to-no CFTR protein at the cell surface that can be potentiated by ivacaftor [see Clinical Studies].

Ivacaftor also increased chloride transport in cultured human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells derived from CF patients who carried F508del on one CFTR allele and either G551D or R117H-5T on the second CFTR allele.

Table 3 lists mutations that are responsive to ivacaftor based on 1) a positive clinical response and/or 2) in vitro data in FRT cells indicating that ivacaftor increases chloride transport to at least 10% over baseline (% of normal).

Table 3: List of CFTR Gene Mutations that Produce CFTR Protein and are Responsive to KALYDECO

PharmacodynamicsSweat Chloride Evaluation

Changes in sweat chloride (a biomarker) response to KALYDECO were evaluated in seven clinical trials [see Clinical Studies]. In a two-part, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial in patients with CF who had a G1244E, G1349D, G178R, G551S, G970R, S1251N, S1255P, S549N, or S549R mutation in the CFTR gene (Trial 4), the treatment difference in mean change in sweat chloride from baseline through 8 weeks of treatment was -49 mmol/L (95% CI -57, -41). The mean changes in sweat chloride for the mutations for which KALYDECO is indicated ranged from -51 to -8, whereas the range for individual subjects with the G970R mutation was -1 to -11 mmol/L. In an open-label clinical trial in 34 patients ages 2 to less than 6 years administered either 50 mg or 75 mg of ivacaftor twice daily (Trial 6), the mean absolute change from baseline in sweat chloride through 24 weeks of treatment was -45 mmol/L (95% CI -53, -38) [see Use In Specific Populations]. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, 2-period, 3-treatment, 8-week crossover study in patients with CF age 12 years and older who were heterozygous for the F508del mutation and with a second CFTR mutation predicted to be responsive to ivacaftor (Trial 7), the treatment difference in mean change in sweat chloride from study baseline to the average of week 4 and week 8 of treatment for KALYDECO treated patients was -4.5 mmol/L (95% CI -6.7, -2.3).

There was no direct correlation between decrease in sweat chloride levels and improvement in lung function (FEV1).

Cardiac Electrophysiology

The effect of multiple doses of ivacaftor 150 mg and 450 mg twice daily on QTc interval was evaluated in a randomized, placebo-and active-controlled (moxifloxacin 400 mg) four-period crossover thorough QT study in 72 healthy subjects. In a study with demonstrated ability to detect small effects, the upper bound of the one-sided 95% confidence interval for the largest placebo adjusted, baseline-corrected QTc based on Fridericia's correction method (QTcF) was below 10 ms, the threshold for regulatory concern.

Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetics of ivacaftor is similar between healthy adult volunteers and patients with CF.

After oral administration of a single 150 mg dose to healthy volunteers in a fed state, peak plasma concentrations (Tmax) occurred at approximately 4 hours, and the mean (±SD) for AUC and Cmax were 10600 (5260) ng*hr/mL and 768 (233) ng/mL, respectively.

After every 12-hour dosing, steady-state plasma concentrations of ivacaftor were reached by days 3 to 5, with an accumulation ratio ranging from 2.2 to 2.9.

Absorption

The exposure of ivacaftor increased approximately 2.5-to 4-fold when given with food that contains fat. Therefore, KALYDECO should be administered with fat-containing food. Examples of fat-containing foods include eggs, butter, peanut butter, cheese pizza, whole-milk dairy products (such as whole milk, cheese, and yogurt), etc. The median (range) Tmax is approximately 4.0 (3.0; 6.0) hours in the fed state.

KALYDECO granules (2 x 75 mg) had similar bioavailability as the 150 mg tablet when given with fat-containing food in adult subjects. The effect of food on ivacaftor absorption is similar for KALYDECO granules and the 150 mg tablet formulation.

Distribution

Ivacaftor is approximately 99% bound to plasma proteins, primarily to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and albumin. Ivacaftor does not bind to human red blood cells.

After oral administration of 150 mg every 12 hours for 7 days to healthy volunteers in a fed state, the mean (±SD) for apparent volume of distribution was 353 (122) L.

Metabolism

Ivacaftor is extensively metabolized in humans. In vitro and clinical studies indicate that ivacaftor is primarily metabolized by CYP3A. M1 and M6 are the two major metabolites of ivacaftor in humans. M1 has approximately one-sixth the potency of ivacaftor and is considered pharmacologically active. M6 has less than one-fiftieth the potency of ivacaftor and is not considered pharmacologically active.

Elimination

Following oral administration, the majority of ivacaftor (87.8%) is eliminated in the feces after metabolic conversion. The major metabolites M1 and M6 accounted for approximately 65% of the total dose eliminated with 22% as M1 and 43% as M6. There was negligible urinary excretion of ivacaftor as unchanged parent. The apparent terminal half-life was approximately 12 hours following a single dose. The mean apparent clearance (CL/F) of ivacaftor was similar for healthy subjects and patients with CF. The CL/F (SD) for the 150 mg dose was 17.3 (8.4) L/hr in healthy subjects.

Specific populationsPediatric Patients

The following conclusions about exposures between adults and the pediatric population are based on population PK analyses:

Pediatric Patients 2 To Less Than 6 Years Of Age Who Weigh Less Than 14 kg

Following oral administration of KALYDECO granules, 50 mg every 12 hours, the mean (±SD) steady state AUC (AUCss) was 10500 (4260) ng/mL*h and is similar to the mean AUCss of 10700 (4100) ng/mL*h in adult patients administered KALYDECO tablets, 150 mg every 12 hours.

Pediatric Patients 2 To Less Than 6 Years Of Age Who Weigh 14 kg Or Greater

Following oral administration of KALYDECO granules, 75 mg every 12 hours, the mean (±SD) AUC (AUCss) was 11300 (3820) ng/mL*h and is similar to the mean AUC in adult patients administered KALYDECO tablets, 150 mg every 12 hours.

Pediatric Patients 6 To Less Than 12 Years Of Age

Following oral administration of KALYDECO tablets, 150 mg every 12 hours, the mean (±SD) AUCss was 20000 (8330) ng/mL*h and is 87% higher than the mean AUC in adult patients administered KALYDECO tablets, 150 mg every 12 hours.

Pediatric Patients 12 To Less Than 18 Years Of Age

Following oral administration of KALYDECO tablets, 150 mg every 12 hours, the mean (±SD) AUCss was 9240 (3420) ng/mL*h and is similar to the mean AUCss in adult patients administered KALYDECO tablets, 150 mg every 12 hours.

Patients With Hepatic Impairment

Adult subjects with moderately impaired hepatic function (Child-Pugh Class B, score 7-9) had similar ivacaftor Cmax, but an approximately two-fold increase in ivacaftor AUC0-∞ compared with healthy subjects matched for demographics. Based on simulations of these results, a reduced KALYDECO dose to one tablet or packet of granules once daily is recommended for patients with moderate hepatic impairment. The impact of mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class A) on the pharmacokinetics of ivacaftor has not been studied, but the increase in ivacaftor AUC0-∞ is expected to be less than two-fold. Therefore, no dose adjustment is necessary for patients with mild hepatic impairment. The impact of severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C, score 10-15) on the pharmacokinetics of ivacaftor has not been studied. The magnitude of increase in exposure in these patients is unknown, but is expected to be substantially higher than that observed in patients with moderate hepatic impairment. When benefits are expected to outweigh the risks, KALYDECO should be used with caution in patients with severe hepatic impairment at a dose of one tablet or one packet of granules given once daily or less frequently [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and Use In Specific Populations].

Patients With Renal Impairment

KALYDECO has not been studied in patients with mild, moderate, or severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than or equal to 30 mL/min) or in patients with end-stage renal disease. No dose adjustments are recommended for mild and moderate renal impairment patients because of minimal elimination of ivacaftor and its metabolites in urine (only 6.6% of total radioactivity was recovered in the urine in a human PK study); however, caution is recommended when administering KALYDECO to patients with severe renal impairment or end-stage renal disease.

Male And Female Patients

The effect of gender on KALYDECO pharmacokinetics was evaluated using population pharmacokinetics of data from clinical studies of KALYDECO. No dose adjustments are necessary based on gender.

Drug Interaction Studies

Drug interaction studies were performed with KALYDECO and other drugs likely to be co-administered or drugs commonly used as probes for pharmacokinetic interaction studies [see DRUG INTERACTIONS].

Dosing recommendations based on clinical studies or potential drug interactions with KALYDECO are presented below.

Potential For Ivacaftor To Affect Other Drugs

Based on in vitro results, ivacaftor and metabolite M1 have the potential to inhibit CYP3A and P-gp. Clinical studies showed that KALYDECO is a weak inhibitor of CYP3A and P-gp, but not an inhibitor of CYP2C8. In vitro studies suggest that ivacaftor and M1 may inhibit CYP2C9. In vitro, ivacaftor, M1, and M6 were not inducers of CYP isozymes. Dosing recommendations for co-administered drugs with KALYDECO are shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Impact of KALYDECO on Other Drugs

Note: The data obtained with substrates but without co-administration of KALYDECO are used as reference. 
*NE: Norethindrone; **EE: Ethinyl Estradiol 
The vertical lines are at 0.8, 1.0, and 1.25, respectively.

Potential For Other Drugs To Affect Ivacaftor

In vitro studies showed that ivacaftor and metabolite M1 were substrates of CYP3A enzymes (i.e., CYP3A4 and CYP3A5). Exposure to ivacaftor is reduced by concomitant CYP3A inducers and increased by concomitant CYP3A inhibitors [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and DRUG INTERACTIONS]. KALYDECO dosing recommendations for co-administration with other drugs are shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3: Impact of Other Drugs on KALYDECO

Note: The data obtained for KALYDECO without co-administration of inducers or inhibitors are used as reference. 
The vertical lines are at 0.8, 1.0, and 1.25, respectively.

Clinical StudiesTrials In Patients With CF Who Have A G551D Mutation In The CFTR GeneDose Ranging

Dose ranging for the clinical program consisted primarily of one double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in 39 adult (mean age 31 years) Caucasian patients with CF who had FEV1 ≥40% predicted. Twenty patients with median predicted FEV1 at baseline of 56% (range: 42% to 109%) received KALYDECO 25, 75, 150 mg or placebo every 12 hours for 14 days and 19 patients with median predicted FEV1 at baseline of 69% (range: 40% to 122%) received KALYDECO 150, 250 mg, or placebo every 12 hours for 28 days. The selection of the 150 mg every 12 hours dose was primarily based on nominal improvements in lung function (pre-dose FEV1) and changes in pharmacodynamic parameters (sweat chloride and nasal potential difference). The twice-daily dosing regimen was primarily based on an apparent terminal plasma half-life of approximately 12 hours.

Efficacy

The efficacy of KALYDECO in patients with CF who have a G551D mutation in the CFTR gene was evaluated in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials in 213 clinically stable patients with CF (109 receiving KALYDECO 150 mg twice daily). All eligible patients from these trials were rolled over into an open-label extension study.

Trial 1 evaluated 161 patients with CF who were 12 years of age or older (mean age 26 years) with FEV1 at screening between 40-90% predicted [mean FEV1 64% predicted at baseline (range: 32% to 98%)]. Trial 2 evaluated 52 patients who were 6 to 11 years of age (mean age 9 years) with FEV1 at screening between 40-105% predicted [mean FEV1 84% predicted at baseline (range: 44% to 134%)]. Patients who had persistent Burkholderia cenocepacia, Burkholderia dolosa, or Mycobacterium abscessus isolated from sputum at screening and those with abnormal liver function defined as 3 or more liver function tests (ALT, AST, AP, GGT, total bilirubin) ≥3 times the upper limit of normal were excluded.

Patients in both trials were randomized 1:1 to receive either 150 mg of KALYDECO or placebo every 12 hours with food containing fat for 48 weeks in addition to their prescribed CF therapies (e.g., tobramycin, dornase alfa). The use of inhaled hypertonic saline was not permitted.

The primary efficacy endpoint in both studies was improvement in lung function as determined by the mean absolute change from baseline in percent predicted pre-dose FEV1 through 24 weeks of treatment.

In both studies, treatment with KALYDECO resulted in a significant improvement in FEV1. The treatment difference between KALYDECO and placebo for the mean absolute change in percent predicted FEV1 from baseline through Week 24 was 10.6 percentage points (P<0.0001) in Trial 1 and 12.5 percentage points (P<0.0001) in Trial 2 (Figure 4). These changes persisted through 48 weeks. Improvements in percent predicted FEV1 were observed regardless of age, disease severity, sex, and geographic region.

Figure 4: Mean Absolute Change from Baseline in Percent Predicted FEV1*

*Primary endpoint was assessed at the 24-week time point.

Other efficacy variables included absolute change from baseline in sweat chloride [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY], time to first pulmonary exacerbation (Trial 1 only), absolute change from baseline in weight, and improvement from baseline in Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire Revised (CFQ-R) respiratory domain score, a measure of respiratory symptoms relevant to patients with CF such as cough, sputum production, and difficulty breathing. For the purpose of the study, a pulmonary exacerbation was defined as a change in antibiotic therapy (IV, inhaled, or oral) as a result of 4 or more of 12 pre-specified sino-pulmonary signs/symptoms. Patients treated with KALYDECO demonstrated statistically significant improvements in risk of pulmonary exacerbations, CF symptoms (in Trial 1 only), and gain in body weight (Table 4). Weight data, when expressed as body mass index normalized for age and sex in patients <20 years of age, were consistent with absolute change from baseline in weight.

Table 4: Effect of KALYDECO on Other Efficacy Endpoints in Trials 1 and 2

Trial In Patients With A G1244E, G1349D, G178R, G551S, G970R, S1251N, S1255P, S549N, Or S549R Mutation In The CFTR Gene

The efficacy and safety of KALYDECO in patients with CF who have a G1244E, G1349D, G178R, G551S, G970R, S1251N, S1255P, S549N, or S549R mutation in the CFTR gene were evaluated in a two-part, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design clinical trial in 39 patients with CF (Trial 4). Patients who completed Part 1 of this trial continued into the 16-week open-label Part 2 of the study. The mutations studied were G178R, S549N, S549R, G551S, G970R, G1244E, S1251N, S1255P, and G1349D. See Clinical Studies for efficacy in patients with a G551D mutation.

Patients were 6 years of age or older (mean age 23 years) with FEV1 ≥40% at screening [mean FEV1at baseline 78% predicted (range: 43% to 119%)]. Patients with evidence of colonization with Burkholderia cenocepacia, Burkholderia dolosa, or Mycobacterium abscessus and those with abnormal liver function defined as 3 or more liver function tests (ALT, AST, AP, GGT, total bilirubin) ≥3 times the upper limit of normal at screening were excluded.

Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either 150 mg of KALYDECO or placebo every 12 hours with food containing fat for 8 weeks in addition to their prescribed CF therapies during the first treatment period and crossed over to the other treatment for the second 8 weeks. The two 8-week treatment periods were separated by a 4-to 8-week washout period. The use of inhaled hypertonic saline was not permitted.

The primary efficacy endpoint was improvement in lung function as determined by the mean absolute change from baseline in percent predicted FEV1 through 8 weeks of treatment. Other efficacy variables included absolute change from baseline in sweat chloride through 8 weeks of treatment [see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY], absolute change from baseline in body mass index (BMI) at 8 weeks of treatment (including body weight at 8 weeks), and improvement in CFQ-R respiratory domain score through 8 weeks of treatment. For the overall population of the 9 mutations studied, treatment with KALYDECO compared to placebo resulted in significant improvement in percent predicted FEV1 [10.7 through Week 8 (P<0.0001)], BMI [0.66 kg/m² at Week 8 (P<0.0001)], and CFQ-R respiratory domain score [9.6 through Week 8 (P=0.0004)]; however, there was a high degree of variability of efficacy responses among the 9 mutations (Table 5).

Table 5: Effect of KALYDECO for Efficacy Variables in the Overall Populations and for Specific CFTR Mutations

Trial In Patients With CF Who Have An R117H Mutation In The CFTR Gene

The efficacy and safety of KALYDECO in patients with CF who have an R117H mutation in the CFTR gene were evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial (Trial 5). Fifty-nine of 69 patients completed 24 weeks of treatment. Two patients discontinued and 8 patients did not complete treatment due to study termination. Trial 5 evaluated 69 clinically stable patients with CF who were 6 years of age or older (mean age 31 years). Patients who were 12 years and older had FEV1 at screening between 40-90% predicted, and patients who were 6-11 years of age had FEV1 at screening between 40-105% predicted. The overall mean FEV1 was 73% predicted at baseline (range: 33% to 106%). The patients had well preserved BMIs (mean overall: 23.76 kg/m²) and a high proportion were pancreatic sufficient as assessed by a low rate of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy use (pancreatin: 11.6%; pancrelipase: 5.8%). Patients who had persistent Burkholderia cenocepacia, Burkholderia dolosa, or Mycobacterium abscessus isolated from sputum at screening, and those with abnormal liver function defined as 3 or more liver function tests (ALT, AST, AP, GGT, total bilirubin) ≥3 times the ULN, were excluded.

Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either 150 mg of KALYDECO (n=34) or placebo (n=35) every 12 hours with food containing fat for 24 weeks in addition to their prescribed CF therapies.

The primary efficacy endpoint was improvement in lung function as determined by the mean absolute change from baseline in percent predicted FEV1 through 24 weeks of treatment. The treatment difference for absolute change in percent predicted FEV1 through Week 24 was 2.1 percentage points (analysis conducted with the full analysis set which included all 69 patients), and did not reach statistical significance (Table 6).

Other efficacy variables that were analyzed included absolute change in sweat chloride from baseline through Week 24, improvement in cystic fibrosis respiratory symptoms through Week 24 as assessed by the CFQ-R respiratory domain score (Table 6), absolute change in body mass index (BMI) at Week 24, and time to first pulmonary exacerbation. The overall treatment difference for the absolute change from baseline in BMI at Week 24 was 0.3 kg/m² and the calculated hazard ratio for time to first pulmonary exacerbation was 0.93, which were not statistically significant.

Statistically significant improvements in clinical efficacy (FEV1, CFQ-R respiratory domain) were seen in several subgroup analyses, and decreases in sweat chloride were observed in all subgroups. The mean baseline sweat chloride for all patients was 70 mmol/L. Subgroups analyzed included those based on age, lung function, and poly-T status (Table 6).

Table 6: Effect of KALYDECO on Overall Population (Percent Predicted FEV1, CFQ-R Respiratory Domain Score, and Sweat Chloride) and in Relevant Subgroups Through 24 Weeks

Trial In Patients With CF Heterozygous For The F508del Mutation And A Second Mutation Predicted To Be Responsive To Ivacaftor

The efficacy and safety of KALYDECO and an ivacaftor-containing combination product in 246 patients with CF was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-period, 3-treatment, 8-week crossover design clinical trial (Trial 7). Mutations predicted to be responsive to ivacaftor were selected for the study based on the clinical phenotype (pancreatic sufficiency), biomarker data (sweat chloride), and in vitro responsiveness to ivacaftor.

Eligible patients were heterozygous for the F508del mutation with a second mutation predicted to be responsive to ivacaftor. Of the 244 patients included in the efficacy analysis, who were randomized and dosed, 146 patients had a splice mutation and 98 patients had a missense mutation, as the second allele. 156 patients received KALYDECO and 161 patients received placebo. Patients were aged 12 years and older (mean age 35 years [range 12-72]) and had a percent predicted FEV1 at screening between 40-90 [mean ppFEV1 at study baseline 62 (range: 35 to 94)]. Patients with evidence of colonization with organisms associated with a more rapid decline in pulmonary status (e.g. Burkholderia cenocepacia, Burkholderia dolosa, or Mycobacterium abscessus) and those with abnormal liver function at screening were excluded. Abnormal liver function was defined as 2 or more liver function tests (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT) ≥3 times the upper limit of normal or total bilirubin ≥2 times the upper limit of normal, or a single increase in ALT/AST ≥5 times the upper limit of normal.

The primary efficacy endpoint was the mean absolute change from study baseline in percent predicted FEV1 averaged at Weeks 4 and 8 of treatment. The key secondary efficacy endpoint was absolute change in CFQ-R respiratory domain score from study baseline averaged at Weeks 4 and 8 of treatment. For the overall population, treatment with KALYDECO compared to placebo resulted in significant improvement in ppFEV1 [4.7 percent points from study baseline to average of Week 4 and Week 8 (P<0.0001)] and CFQ-R respiratory domain score [9.7 points from study baseline to average of Week 4 and Week 8 (P<0.0001)]. Statistically significant improvements compared to placebo were also observed in the subgroup of patients with splice mutations and missense mutations (Table 7).

Table 7: Effect of KALYDECO for Efficacy Variables

In an analysis of BMI at Week 8, an exploratory end-point, patients treated with KALYDECO had a mean improvement of 0.28 kg/m² [95% CI (0.14, 0.43)], 0.24 kg/m² [95% CI (0.06, 0.43)], and 0.35 kg/m² [95% CI (0.12, 0.58)] versus placebo for the overall, splice, and missense mutation populations of patients, respectively.

Trial In Patients Homozygous For The F508del Mutation In The CFTR Gene

Trial 3 was a 16-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial in 140 patients with CF age 12 years and older who were homozygous for the F508del mutation in the CFTRgene and who had FEV1 ≥40% predicted. Patients were randomized 4:1 to receive KALYDECO 150 mg (n=112) every 12 hours or placebo (n=28) in addition to their prescribed CF therapies. The mean age of patients enrolled was 23 years and the mean baseline FEV1 was 79% predicted (range 40% to 129%). As in Trials 1 and 2, patients who had persistent Burkholderia cenocepacia, Burkholderia dolosa, or Mycobacterium abscessus isolated from sputum at screening and those with abnormal liver function defined as 3 or more liver function tests (ALT, AST, AP, GGT, total bilirubin) ≥3 times the upper limit of normal were excluded. The use of inhaled hypertonic saline was not permitted.

The primary endpoint was improvement in lung function as determined by the mean absolute change from baseline through Week 16 in percent predicted FEV1. The treatment difference from placebo for the mean absolute change in percent predicted FEV1 through Week 16 in patients with CF homozygous for the F508del mutation in the CFTR gene was 1.72 percentage points (1.5% and -0.2% for patients in the KALYDECO and placebo-treated groups, respectively) and did not reach statistical significance (Table 8).

Other efficacy variables that were analyzed included absolute change in sweat chloride from baseline through Week 16, change in cystic fibrosis respiratory symptoms through Week 16 as assessed by the CFQ-R respiratory domain score (Table 8), change in weight through Week 16, and rate of pulmonary exacerbation. The overall treatment difference for change from baseline in weight through Week 16 was -0.16 kg (95% CI -1.06, 0.74); the rate ratio for pulmonary exacerbation was 0.677 (95% CI 0.33, 1.37).

Table 8: Effect of KALYDECO on Overall Population (Percent Predicted FEV1, CFQ-R Respiratory Domain Score, and Sweat Chloride) Through 16 Weeks

Medication Guide

PATIENT INFORMATION

KALYDECO 
(kuh-LYE-deh-koh) 
(ivacaftor) Film-Coated Tablets and Oral Granules

Read this Patient Information before you start taking KALYDECO and each time you get a refill. There may be new information. This information does not take the place of talking to your doctor about your medical condition or your treatment.

What is KALYDECO?

KALYDECO is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) in patients age 2 years and older who have at least one mutation in their CF gene that is responsive to KALYDECO.

Talk to your doctor to learn if you have an indicated CF gene mutation.

It is not known if KALYDECO is safe and effective in children under 2 years of age.

Who should not take KALYDECO?

Do not take KALYDECO if you take certain medicines or herbal supplements such as:

· the antibiotics rifampin (Rifamate®, Rifater®) or rifabutin (Mycobutin®)

· seizure medications such as phenobarbital, carbamazepine (Tegretol®, Carbatrol®, Equetro®) or phenytoin (Dilantin®, Phenytek®)

· St. John's wort

Talk to your doctor before taking KALYDECO if you take any of the medicines or supplements listed above.

What should I tell my doctor before taking KALYDECO?

Before you take KALYDECO, tell your doctor if you:

· have liver or kidney problems

· drink grapefruit juice, or eat grapefruit or Seville oranges

· are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if KALYDECO will harm your unborn baby. You and your doctor should decide if you will take KALYDECO while you are pregnant.

· are breastfeeding or planning to breastfeed. It is not known if KALYDECO passes into your breast milk. You and your doctor should decide if you will take KALYDECO while you are breastfeeding.

KALYDECO may affect the way other medicines work, and other medicines may affect how KALYDECO works.

Tell your doctor about all the medicines you take, including prescription and non-prescription medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements, as the dose of KALYDECO may need to be adjusted when taken with certain medications.

Ask your doctor or pharmacist for a list of these medicines if you are not sure.

Especially tell your doctor if you take:

· antifungal medications such as ketoconazole (e.g., Nizoral®), itraconazole (e.g., Sporanox®), posaconazole (e.g., Noxafil®), voriconazole (e.g., Vfend®), or fluconazole (e.g., Diflucan®)

· antibiotics such as telithromycin (e.g., Ketek®), clarithromycin (e.g., Biaxin®), or erythromycin(e.g., Ery-Tab®)

Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of them to show your doctor and pharmacist when you get a new medicine.

How should I take KALYDECO?

· Take KALYDECO exactly as your doctor tells you to take it.

· Take your doses of KALYDECO 12 hours apart.

· If you miss a dose of KALYDECO and it is within 6 hours of when you usually take it, take your dose of KALYDECO as prescribed with fat-containing food as soon as possible.

· If you miss a dose of KALYDECO and it is more than 6 hours after the time you usually take it, skip that dose only and take the next dose when you usually take it. Do not take 2 doses at the same time to make up for your missed dose.

KALYDECO Tablets (ages 6 years and older):

· Always take KALYDECO tablets with food that contains fat. Examples of fat-containing foods include eggs, butter, peanut butter, cheese pizza, and whole-milk dairy products such as whole milk, cheese, and yogurt.

· Each KALYDECO box contains 4 individual blister cards.

· Each blister card contains 14 pills—7 morning doses and 7 evening doses.

· In the morning, unpeel the paper backing from a blister card to remove 1 KALYDECO tablet and take it with food that contains fat.

· In the evening, 12 hours later, open another blister card to remove 1 KALYDECO tablet and take it with food that contains fat.

· You may cut along the dotted line to separate your doses from the blister card.

KALYDECO Oral Granules (ages 2 to under 6 years old):

· Hold the packet with cut line on top.

· Shake the packet gently to settle the KALYDECO granules.

· Tear or cut packet open along cut line.

· Carefully pour all of the KALYDECO granules in the packet into 1 teaspoon of soft food or liquid. Food or liquid should be at or below room temperature. Some examples of soft foods or liquids include puréed fruits or vegetables, yogurt, applesauce, water, milk, or juice.

· Mix the KALYDECO granules with food or liquid.

· After mixing, give KALYDECO within 1 hour. Make sure all medicine is taken.

· Give a child fat-containing food just before or just after the KALYDECO granules dose. Examples of fat-containing foods include eggs, butter, peanut butter, cheese pizza, and whole-milk dairy products such as whole milk, cheese, and yogurt.

What should I avoid while taking KALYDECO?

· KALYDECO can cause dizziness in some people who take it. Do not drive a car, use machinery or do anything that needs you to be alert until you know how KALYDECO affects you.

· You should avoid food containing grapefruit or Seville oranges while you are taking KALYDECO.

What are the possible side effects of KALYDECO?

KALYDECO can cause serious side effects.

High liver enzymes in the blood have been reported in patients receiving KALYDECO. Your doctor will do blood tests to check your liver:

· before you start KALYDECO

· every 3 months during your first year of taking KALYDECO

· every year while you are taking KALYDECO

For patients who have had high liver enzymes in the past, the doctor may do blood tests to check the liver more often.

Call your doctor right away if you have any of the following symptoms of liver problems:

· pain or discomfort in the upper right stomach (abdominal) area

· yellowing of your skin or the white part of your eyes

· loss of appetite

· nausea or vomiting

· dark, amber-colored urine

Abnormality of the eye lens (cataract) has been noted in some children and adolescents receiving KALYDECO.

Your doctor should perform eye examinations prior to and during treatment with KALYDECO to look for cataracts.

The most common side effects of KALYDECO include:

· headache

· upper respiratory tract infection (common cold), including:

o sore throat

o nasal or sinus congestion

o runny nose

· stomach (abdominal) pain

· diarrhea

· rash

· nausea

· dizziness

Tell your doctor if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.

These are not all the possible side effects of KALYDECO. For more information, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

How should I store KALYDECO?

· Store KALYDECO at room temperature between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).

· Do not use KALYDECO after the expiration date on the package.

Keep KALYDECO and all medicines out of the reach of children.

General information about the safe and effective use of KALYDECO

Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Patient Information leaflet. Do not use KALYDECO for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give KALYDECO to other people, even if they have the same symptoms you have. It may harm them.

This Patient Information summarizes the most important information about KALYDECO. If you would like more information, talk with your doctor. You can ask your pharmacist or doctor for information about KALYDECO that is written for health professionals.

For more information, go to www.kalydeco.com or call 1-877-752-5933.

What are the ingredients in KALYDECO?

Active ingredient: ivacaftor

Inactive ingredients:

KALYDECO Tablets are light blue, film-coated, capsule-shaped tablets for oral administration and contain the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, hypromellose acetate succinate, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and sodium lauryl sulfate.

The tablet film coat contains: carnauba wax, FD&C Blue #2, PEG 3350, polyvinyl alcohol, talc, and titanium dioxide.

The printing ink contains: ammonium hydroxide, iron oxide black, propylene glycol, and shellac.

KALYDECO Oral Granules are white to off-white granules for oral administration (sweetened but unflavored) and contain the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, hypromellose acetate succinate, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, mannitol, sucralose, and sodium lauryl sulfate.