Ebixa
Active Substance: memantine hydrochloride
Common Name: memantine
ATC Code: N06DX01
Marketing Authorisation Holder: H. Lundbeck A/S
Active Substance: memantine hydrochloride
Status: Authorised
Authorisation Date: 2002-05-15
Therapeutic Area: Alzheimer Disease
Pharmacotherapeutic Group: Other antidementia drugs
Therapeutic Indication
Treatment of patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease.
What is Ebixa?
Ebixa is a medicine that contains the active substance memantine hydrochloride. It is available as tablets (5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg and 20 mg). Ebixa is also available as an oral solution, which is supplied with a pump that delivers 5 mg memantine hydrochloride with each activation.
What is Ebixa used for?
Ebixa is used to treat patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease is a type of dementia (a brain disorder) that gradually affects memory, intellectual ability and behaviour.
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription.
How is Ebixa used?
Treatment should be started and supervised by a doctor who has experience in the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Treatment should only be started if a caregiver is available who will regularly monitor the use of Ebixa by the patient.
Ebixa should be given once a day at the same time every day. To prevent side effects, the dose of Ebixa is gradually increased over the first three weeks of treatment: during the first week, the dose is 5 mg; in the second week, it is 10 mg; and during the third week, it is 15 mg. From week four onwards, the recommended maintenance dose is 20 mg once a day. The tolerance and dose should be assessed within three months after starting treatment, and from then on the benefits of continuing treatment with Ebixa should be re-assessed on a regular basis. The dose may need to be reduced in patients who have moderate or severe problems with their kidneys. If the solution is used, the dose should first be pumped onto a spoon or into a glass of water. It should not be poured or pumped directly into the mouth.
For more information, see the package leaflet.
How does Ebixa work?
The active substance in Ebixa, memantine hydrochloride, is an antidementia medicine. The cause of Alzheimer’s disease is unknown, but memory loss in the disease is believed to be due to a disturbance of message signals in the brain.
Memantine works by blocking special types of receptor called N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, to which the neurotransmitter glutamate normally attaches. Neurotransmitters are chemicals in the nervous system that allow nerve cells to communicate with one another. Changes in the way glutamate transmits signals within the brain have been linked to the memory loss seen in Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, overstimulation of the NMDA receptors may result in cell damage or death. By blocking NMDA receptors, memantine improves the transmission of signals in the brain and reduces the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.
How has Ebixa been studied?
Ebixa has been studied in three main studies including a total of 1,125 patients with Alzheimer’s disease, some of whom had taken other medicines for their disease in the past.
The first study involved 252 patients with moderately severe to severe disease, while the other two involved a total of 873 patients with mild to moderate disease. Ebixa was compared with placebo (a dummy treatment) over 24 to 28 weeks. The main measures of effectiveness were the change in symptoms in three main areas: functional (the degree of disability), cognitive (the ability to think, learn and remember) and global (a combination of several areas including general function, cognitive symptoms, behaviour and the ability to carry out everyday activities).
Ebixa was also studied in three additional studies including a total of 1,186 patients with mild to severe disease.
What benefit has Ebixa shown during the studies?
Ebixa was more effective than placebo at controlling the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. In the study of moderately severe to severe disease, patients taking Ebixa had fewer symptoms than those taking placebo after 28 weeks, as measured on both global and functional scores. In the two studies of mild to moderate disease, patients on Ebixa had less severe symptoms after 24 weeks, as measured on the global and cognitive scores. However, when these results were considered along with those of the three additional studies, it was noted that the effect of Ebixa was smaller in patients with mild disease.
What is the risk associated with Ebixa?
The most common side effects with Ebixa (seen in between 1 and 10 patients in 100) are somnolence (sleepiness), dizziness, hypertension (high blood pressure), dyspnoea (difficulty breathing), constipation, headache and drug hypersensitivity (allergy to the medicine). For the full list of all side effects reported with Ebixa, see the package leaflet.
Ebixa should not be used in people who may be hypersensitive (allergic) to memantine hydrochloride or any of the other ingredients.
Why has Ebixa been approved?
The CHMP decided that Ebixa’s benefits are greater than its risks and recommended that it be given marketing authorisation.
Other information about Ebixa
The European Commission granted a marketing authorisation valid throughout the European Union for Ebixa on 15 May 2002.
For more information about treatment with Ebixa, read the package leaflet (also part of the EPAR) or contact your doctor or pharmacist.
