通用中文 | 哌柏西利胶囊 | 通用外文 | Palbociclib |
品牌中文 | 品牌外文 | Piciclib | |
其他名称 | 爱博新,IBRANCE、帕博昔布、帕博西林帕博西尼、 靶点CDK4/6 | ||
公司 | Cipla(Cipla) | 产地 | 印度(India) |
含量 | 125mg | 包装 | 21粒/盒 |
剂型给药 | 胶囊口服 | 储存 | 室温 |
适用范围 | 乳腺癌。 非小细胞肺癌、淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤 |
通用中文 | 哌柏西利胶囊 |
通用外文 | Palbociclib |
品牌中文 | |
品牌外文 | Piciclib |
其他名称 | 爱博新,IBRANCE、帕博昔布、帕博西林帕博西尼、 靶点CDK4/6 |
公司 | Cipla(Cipla) |
产地 | 印度(India) |
含量 | 125mg |
包装 | 21粒/盒 |
剂型给药 | 胶囊口服 |
储存 | 室温 |
适用范围 | 乳腺癌。 非小细胞肺癌、淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤 |
以下资料仅供参考:
文案整理:Dr. Jasmine Ding
哌柏西利使用说明书:
全球首个CDK4/6激酶抑制剂
美国FDA初次批准:2015
请仔细阅读说明书并在医师指导下使用:
【商品名称】
通用名称:哌柏西利胶囊
品牌名称:Ibrance,
通用英文名称:Palbociclib Capsules
其他名称:帕泊昔布,Palbace,帕博西尼
【成分】
本品主要成份为哌柏西利(palbociclib)。 其化学名称为: 6-乙酰基-8-环戊基-5-甲基-2-[[5-(1-哌嗪基)-2-吡啶基]氨基]吡啶[2,3-d]嘧啶-7(8H)-酮 分子量:447.54 辅料名称:微晶纤维素、单水乳糖、羧甲基淀粉钠、胶态二氧化硅、硬脂酸镁
化学名:6-乙酰-8环戊基-5甲基-2-5{【(哌嗪-1-基)吡啶-2-基】氨基}吡啶并【2,3 d】嘧啶-7(8H)酮
分子式:C24H29N702
分子量:447.54克/摩尔。
【适应症/功能主治】
本品适用于激素受体(HR)阳性、人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)阴性的局部晚期或转移性乳腺癌,应与芳香化酶抑制剂联合使用作为绝经后女性患者的初始内分泌治疗。
这个适应证是根据无进展生存(PFS)在加速批准下被批准。剂型批准此适应证可能取决于在验证性试验中临床获益的证明和描述
其他适应症正在进行临床试验(非小细胞肺癌、淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤)
【规格型号】胶囊125mg
21粒/瓶
【用法用量】
应由具抗癌药物使用经验的医生开始并监督本品治疗。 推荐剂量 哌柏西利的推荐剂量为125mg,每天一次,连续服用21天,之后停药7天(3/1给药方案),28天为一个治疗周期。治疗应当持续进行,除非患者不再有临床获益或出现不可接受的毒性。 当与来曲唑联用时,来曲唑的推荐剂量为2.5mg,口服,每天一次,在整个28天治疗周期连续服药。具体请参见来曲唑批准的说明书。 给药方法 口服。应与食物同服,最好随餐服药以确保哌柏西利暴露量一致(见[药代动力学])。哌柏西利不得与葡萄柚或葡萄柚汁同服(见[药物相互作用])。 哌柏西利胶囊应整粒吞服(吞服前不得咀嚼、压碎或打开胶囊)。如果胶囊出现破损、裂纹或其他不完整的情况,则不得服用。 应鼓励患者在每天大约相同的时间服药。如果患者呕吐或者漏服,当天不得补服。应照常进行下次服药。 剂量调整 建议根据个体安全性和耐受性调整哌柏西利的剂量。 出现某些不良反应时可能需要暂时中断/延迟给药和/或减低剂量,或永久停药来进行控制,请参照表1、2和3中提供的方案进行剂量调整(见[注意事项]和[不良反应])。 在开始哌柏西利治疗前、每个治疗周期开始时、前2个治疗周期的第15天以及有临床指征时应监测全血细胞计数。 对于前6个治疗周期内发生最高严重程度为1或2级中性粒细胞减少症的患者,其后续周期的全血细胞计数监测时间应为每3个月一次、各周期开始之前以及有临床指征时。 建议在中性粒细胞绝对计数(AbsoluteNeutrophilCount,ANC)≥1,000/mm3且血小板计数≥50,000/mm3时接受哌柏西利。 特殊人群 老年人 ≥65岁的患者无需调整哌柏西利的剂量(见[药代动力学])。 儿科人群 尚未确定哌柏西利在≤18岁儿童和青少年患者中的安全性和疗效。没有数据可用。 肝损伤 轻度或中度肝损伤患者(Child-PughA级和B级)无需调整哌柏西利的剂量。重度肝损伤(Child-PughC级)患者的推荐剂量为75mg,每天一次,采用3/1给药方案(见[注意事项]和[药代动力学])。 肾损伤 轻度、中度或重度肾损伤患者(肌酐清除率[CreatinineClearance,CrCl]≥15 mL/min)无需调整哌柏西利的剂量。需要血液透析患者的数据不充分,无法对该人群提供任何剂量调整建议(见[注意事项]和[药代动力学])。 与CYP3A强效抑制剂合用时的剂量调整 避免伴随使用CYP3A强效抑制剂,考虑替换为没有或只有微弱CYP3A抑制作用的其他伴随用药。如果患者必须合用CYP3A强效抑制剂,则将哌柏西利的剂量减少至75mg,每天一次。如果停用强效抑制剂,则将哌柏西利的剂量增加至开始使用CYP3A强效抑制剂之前的剂量(在抑制剂的3至5个半衰期后)[参见[药物相互作用]和[药代动力学]]
【不良反应】
本说明书描述了在临床试验中观察到的判断为可能由哌柏西利引起的不良反应及其近似的发生率。由于每项临床试验的条件各不相同,在一个临床试验中观察到的不良反应的发生率不能与另一个临床试验观察到的不良反应发生率直接比较,也可能不能反映临床实践中的实际发生率。 安全性特征概要 哌柏西利的总体安全性特征评估来自在HR阳性、HER2阴性晚期或转移性乳腺癌随机研究中接受哌柏西利与内分泌疗法联合治疗(527例与来曲唑联用和345例与氟维司群联用)的872例患者的合并数据[包括研究PALOMA-1(A5481003),研究PALOMA-2(A5481008),研究PALOMA-3(A5481023)]。 临床研究中,接受哌柏西利治疗的患者报告的最常见(≥20%)的任何级别的不良反应为中性粒细胞减少症、感染、白细胞减少症、疲乏、恶心、口腔炎、贫血、脱发和腹泻。哌柏西利的最常见(≥2%)的≥3级不良反应为中性粒细胞减少症、白细胞减少症、贫血、疲乏和感染。 在研究PALOMA-2中评估了哌柏西利(125mg/天)联合来曲唑(2.5mg/天)治疗对照安慰剂联合来曲唑治疗的安全性。哌柏西利联合来曲唑的中位治疗持续时间为19.8个月,而安慰剂联合来曲唑的中位治疗持续时间为13.8个月。在接受哌柏西利联合来曲唑治疗的患者中,有36%的患者因任何级别的不良反应而减量。43/444(9.7%)例接受哌柏西利联合来曲唑治疗的患者以及13/222(5.9%)例接受安慰剂联合来曲唑治疗的患者发生了与不良反应相关的永久停药。导致接受哌柏西利联合曲唑治疗的患者永久停药的不良反应包括中性粒细胞减少症(1.1%)和丙氨酸转氨酶升高(0.7%)。 不良反应列表 表4报告了3项随机研究[研究PALOMA-1(A5481003),研究PALOMA-2(A5481008),研究PALOMA-3(A5481023)]的合并数据集中的不良反应。合并数据集中哌柏西利治疗的中位持续时间为12.7个月。 表5报告了3项随机研究的合并数据集中的实验室检查异常。 按系统器官分类和发生频率列出不良反应。发生频率定义为:十分常见(≥1/10)、常见(≥1/100至<1/10)和偶见(≥1/1,000至<1/100)。 在PALOMA-2和PALOMA-3两项研究中,纳入了200例亚裔患者。在接受哌柏西利的亚裔患者中报告的3级或4级中性粒细胞减少症和白细胞减少症发生率高于非亚裔患者,因而在亚裔患者中的剂量中断、剂量减少和周期延迟发生频率也略高于非亚裔患者,但通过方案规定的剂量调整可控制总体安全性,亚裔患者与非亚裔患者具有相似的中位治疗持续时间。根据对已有的哌柏西利剂量暴露、安全性和疗效数据进行的累积分析,将125mg每日一次作为亚裔患者的起始剂量是恰当的。需根据患者个体的安全性和耐受性,严格遵循说明书调整哌柏西利剂量。 特定不良反应的描述 总体而言,3项随机研究中有703例(80.6%)无论以何种联用方案接受哌柏西利治疗的患者报告了任何级别的中性粒细胞减少症,其中分别有482例(55.3%)和88例(10.1%)患者报告3级和4级中性粒细胞减少症(见表4)。 3项随机临床研究中,至首次发生任何级别中性粒细胞减少症的中位时间为15天(12-700天),≥3级中性粒细胞减少症的中位持续时间为7天。 0.9%接受哌柏西利与氟维司群联用和2.1%接受哌柏西利与来曲唑联用的患者报告了发热性中性粒细胞减少症。 在总体临床研究中,大约2%接受哌柏西利治疗的患者曾报告过发热性中性粒细胞减少症。
【禁忌】
对活性成分或章节[成分]项下所列的任一辅料过敏者禁用。 禁止使用含圣约翰草的制品(见[药代相互作用])。
【注意事项】
绝经前/围绝经期女性 鉴于芳香化酶抑制剂的作用机制,绝经前/围绝经期女性接受哌柏西利与芳香化酶抑制剂联合治疗时,必须进行卵巢切除或使用促黄体生成激素释放激素(LuteinizingHormoneReleasingHormone,LHRH)激动剂抑制卵巢功能。哌柏西利联合氟维司群用于绝经前/围绝经期女性的研究中,仅与LHRH激动剂联合用药。 危重内脏疾病(转移) 尚未在危重的有内脏疾病(转移)患者中研究哌柏西利的疗效和安全性(见[临床试验])。 血液学毒性 中性粒细胞减少症是临床研究中最常报告的不良反应,临床研究中大约有2%的接受哌柏西利治疗的患者曾报告过发热性中性粒细胞减少症,并报告了1例中性粒细胞减少性败血症引起的死亡。应在哌柏西利治疗开始前、每个周期开始时、前两个周期的第15天以及出现临床指征时监测全血细胞计数。对于出现3或4级中性粒细胞减少症的患者,建议中断给药、减少剂量或延迟开始治疗周期,并进行密切监测。(见[用法用量]和[不良反应])。医生应告知患者立即报告任何发热事件。 感染 因为哌柏西利具有骨髓抑制特性,其可使患者易于出现感染。 多项随机研究报道了哌柏西利组患者的感染率高于各自的对照组患者。分别有4.5%和0.7%的接受哌柏西利任何联用方案治疗的患者发生了3级和4级感染(见[不良反应])。 应监测患者的感染体征和症状并且适当时应给予治疗(见[用法用量])。 患者在出现任何骨髓抑制或感染体征或症状时立即报告,例如发热、寒战、头晕、气短、无力或出血和/或瘀伤倾向加重。 肝损伤 中度或重度肝损伤患者应慎用哌柏西利,并密切监测毒性体征(见[用法用量]和[药代动力学])。 肾损伤 中度或重度肾损伤患者应慎用哌柏西利,并密切监测毒性体征(见[用法用量]和[药代动力学])。 与CYP3A4抑制剂或诱导剂联合治疗 强效CYP3A4抑制剂可导致毒性增加(见[药物相互作用])。哌柏西利治疗期间应避免与强效CYP3A抑制剂合用。仅在认真评估潜在获益和风险后才可考虑同时使用。如不能避免与强效CYP3A抑制剂同时使用,应将哌柏西利的剂量降至75 mg每天一次。停止使用强效抑制剂时,应将哌柏西利的剂量(抑制剂的3-5个半衰期后)增加至开始使用强效CYP3A抑制剂前的剂量(见[药物相互作用])。 与CYP3A诱导剂同时使用可导致哌柏西利的暴露量降低,所以有缺乏疗效的风险。因此,应避免哌柏西利与强效CYP3A4诱导剂合用。哌柏西利与中效CYP3A诱导剂同时使用时无需调整剂量(见[药物相互作用])。 有生育能力的女性或其配偶 有生育能力的女性或其男性配偶在使用哌柏西利治疗期间必须使用一种高效的避孕方法(见[孕妇及哺乳期妇女用药])。 乳糖 哌柏西利含乳糖。存在半乳糖不耐症、Lapp乳糖酶缺乏症或葡萄糖-半乳糖吸收不良症等罕见遗传疾病的患者不得服用哌柏西利。 对驾驶和操作机器能力的影响 哌柏西利对驾驶和操作机器能力的影响很小。但是,哌柏西利可能引起疲乏,患者在驾驶或操作机器时应谨慎。
【孕妇及哺乳期妇女用药】
有生育能力的女性/避孕 接受本药品治疗的有生育能力的女性或其男性配偶,应在治疗期间以及完成治疗后分别至少3周(女性)或14周(男性)内采取充分的避孕措施(如,双重屏障避孕)(见[药物相关作用])。 妊娠 尚缺乏关于孕妇使用哌柏西利的数据或数据有限。动物研究显示哌柏西利具有生殖毒性(见[药理毒理])。不建议孕妇和未采取避孕措施的有生育能力的女性使用哌柏西利。 哺乳 尚未在人体或动物中进行相关研究以评价哌柏西利对乳汁生成的影响、是否存在于母乳中或对母乳喂养婴儿的影响。尚不清楚哌柏西利是否会分泌至人类乳汁中。接受哌柏西利治疗的患者不应哺乳。 生育力 在非临床生殖毒性研究中,未发现对大鼠的发情周期(雌性)或交配和生育力(雄性和雌性)有影响。尚未获得对人类生育力影响的临床数据。根据非临床安全性研究中雄性生殖器官的变化(睾丸曲细精管变性、附睾精子减少、精子活力和密度降低以及前列腺分泌减少),哌柏西利治疗可能会损害男性的生育力(见[药理毒理])。因此,男性在开始哌柏西利治疗前应考虑保存精液。
【儿童用药】
尚未确定哌柏西利在18岁及以下的儿童和青少年患者中的安全性和疗效。尚无相关数据。
【老年用药】
在PALOMA-2研究中接受哌柏西利治疗的444例患者中,181(41%)例患者≥65岁,48(11%)例患者≥75岁。未发现上述患者与年轻患者在哌柏西利的安全性或有效性方面存在差异。65岁及以上患者无需调整哌柏西利的剂量(见[药代动力学])。
【特殊人群用药】
肝损伤:基于183例患者的药代动力学分析,其中40例患者轻度肝损害,对Ibrance暴露无影响。药代动力学对于中度或重度肝损伤患者,尚未进行研究。
肾损伤:基于183例患者的药代动力学分析,其中73例患者轻度肾损伤(60 mL / min≤CrCl <90 mL / min),29例患者中度肾损伤(30 mL / min≤CrCl <60 mL / min),palbociclib对轻度和中度肾损伤患者无影响。在严重肾脏的患者中尚未有研究。
【药理毒理】
药理作用 哌柏西利是细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶(CDK)4和6的抑制剂。周期蛋白D1和CDK4/6位于细胞增殖信号通路的下游。在体外,通过阻滞细胞从G1期进入S期,而减少雌激素受体(ER)阳性乳腺癌细胞系的细胞增殖。哌柏西利和雌激素拮抗剂联合作用于乳腺癌细胞系时,可降低视网膜母细胞瘤(Rb)蛋白磷酸化,从而导致E2F表达,及其信号传导下降,与药物各自单用相比具有更强的生长抑制作用。哌柏西利和雌激素拮抗剂联合作用于ER阳性的乳腺癌细胞系时,与药物各自单用相比,可使细胞老化增加,这一效应在哌柏西利停药后最多维持6天,但抗雌激素治疗继续进行时,可导致更大程度的细胞老化。人源性ER阳性乳腺癌异种移植模型体内研究显示,与药物各自单用相比,哌柏西利与来曲唑联用可对Rb磷酸化、下游信号传导以及肿瘤生长产生更强的抑制作用。 人骨髓单核细胞体外给予哌柏西利,无论有无抗雌激素处理,未见细胞发生老化,去除哌柏西利后细胞可恢复增殖。 毒理研究 一般毒性:在犬遥测试验中,给药剂量在人体临床暴露量(Cmax)4倍以上时,可见心血管影响(QTc延长、心率下降、RR间期延长和收缩压升高)。 在一项大鼠27周重复给药毒性试验中,大鼠在试验早期尚未成熟,发现与胰腺(胰岛细胞空泡形成)、眼睛(白内障、晶状体变性)、肾脏(肾小管空泡形成、慢性进行性肾病)和脂肪组织(萎缩)变化相关的葡萄糖代谢改变(尿糖、高血糖症、胰岛素下降),这种现象在哌柏西利经口给药剂量≥30mg/kg/天(AUC约为临床推荐剂量下的成人人体暴露量的11倍)的雄鼠中发生率最高。其中一些不良反应(尿糖/高血糖症、胰岛细胞空泡形成和肾小管空泡形成)在未成熟大鼠中进行的15周重复给药毒性试验中发生率和严重程度较低。在试验开始时已成熟的大鼠中进行的27周重复给药毒性试验,以及39周犬重复给药毒性试验中未见葡萄糖代谢改变或胰腺、眼睛、肾脏和脂肪组织相关变化。在大鼠中可见与葡萄糖代谢改变无关的牙齿毒性。哌柏西利以100mg/kg给药剂量给药27周(AUC约为临床推荐剂量下的成人人体暴露量的15倍)可导致大鼠切牙生长异常(变色、造釉细胞变性/坏疽、单核细胞浸润)。 遗传毒性:哌柏西利Ames试验和体外人淋巴细胞染色体畸变试验结果阴性,中国仓鼠卵巢细胞体外试验、雄性大鼠骨髓试验微核试验结果阳性。 生殖毒性:在雌性大鼠生育力试验中,给药剂量高达300mg/kg/天(AUC约为人体临床暴露量的4倍)时,未见哌柏西利对动物交配或生育力产生影响。在大鼠、犬重复给药毒性试验中,大鼠给药剂量高达300mg/kg/天,犬给药剂量高达3mg/kg/天(AUC分别约为临床推荐剂量下人体暴露量的6倍以及与人体暴露量相当)时,未见哌柏西利对雌性动物生殖器官产生任何不良影响。在大鼠和犬重复给药毒性试验、以及大鼠雄性生育力试验中可见哌柏西利对雄性生殖系统和生育力产生不良影响。重复给药毒性试验中,大鼠和犬分别给予哌柏西利≥30mg/kg/天和≥0.2mg/kg/天(AUC分别约为临床推荐剂量下人体暴露量的≥10倍和≥0.1倍)时,可见给药相关的睾丸、附睾、前列腺和精囊器官重量下降、萎缩或变性、精子减少、小管内细胞碎片和分泌减少,分别经过4周和12周的停药期后,上述对大鼠和犬雄性生殖器官的影响部分可逆。在雄性大鼠生育力和早期胚胎发育毒性试验中,哌柏西利给药剂量为100mg/kg/天(推算AUC约为临床推荐剂量下人体暴露量的20倍)时未见对交配产生影响,但生育力出现轻微下降,表现为精子活力和密度较低。在雌性大鼠生育力和早期胚胎发育毒性试验中,从交配前15天至妊娠第7天经口给予哌柏西利,在剂量达到300mg/kg/天(母体全身暴露约为临床推荐剂量下的人体暴露量的4倍)时未见导致胚胎毒性。 在大鼠和兔胚胎-胎仔发育试验中,妊娠动物在器官形成期分别经口给予哌柏西利高达300mg/kg/天和20mg/kg/天,大鼠在母体毒性剂量300mg/kg/天时可引起胎仔毒性,导致胎仔体重下降,剂量≥100mg/kg/天时,骨骼变异的发生率增加(第七颈椎出现肋骨的发生率增加)。兔在母体毒性剂量20mg/kg/天时,骨骼变异(包括前肢小趾骨)的发生率增加。大鼠剂量为300mg/kg/天和兔剂量为20mg/kg/天时,母体全身暴露量(AUC)分别约为临床推荐剂量下人体暴露量的4倍和9倍。 文献报道,CDK4/6双基因敲除小鼠在胎仔发育晚期(妊娠第14.5天至出生)因重度贫血死亡。但是由于靶点抑制程度存在差异,基因敲除小鼠数据可能无法预测对人的影响。 致癌性:尚未进行致癌性试验。
【药代动力学】
在实体瘤患者(包括晚期乳腺癌)和健康志愿者中研究了哌柏西利的药代动力学特征。 吸收 哌柏西利一般在口服后6-12小时之间达峰浓度(Cmax)。口服125 mg哌柏西利后,其平均绝对生物利用度为46%。在25-225mg剂量范围时,血药浓度时间曲线下面积(AreaUndertheCurve,AUC)和Cmax通常随剂量成比例增加。在每天一次重复给药后8天内达到稳态。哌柏西利按每天一次重复给药可出现蓄积,中位蓄积比为2.4(范围:1.54.2)。 食物影响 在大约13%的空腹人群中,哌柏西利的吸收和暴露量极低。在这一小部分人群中,进食增加了哌柏西利的暴露量,但在其余人群中,进食对哌柏西利的暴露量没有临床相关影响。与禁食过夜后给药相比,哌柏西利与高脂食物同服时AUCinf和Cmax分别升高了21%和38%,与低脂食物同服时分别升高了12%和27%,而在哌柏西利给药前1小时和给药后2小时进食中脂食物时分别升高了13%和24%。此外,进食还显著降低了个体间和个体自身的哌柏西利暴露量差异。根据上述结果,哌柏西利应与食物同服(见[用法用量])。 分布 哌柏西利在体外与人血浆蛋白的结合率为85%,无浓度依赖性。在体内,人体血浆中哌柏西利的平均游离分数(fu)随肝功能恶化程度逐渐增加。在体内,随肾功能恶化,人体血浆中哌柏西利的平均fu无明显变化趋势。在体外,人体肝细胞主要通过被动扩散摄取哌柏西利。哌柏西利不是OATP1B1或OATP1B3的底物。 生物转化 体外和体内研究表明哌柏西利经由肝细胞进行广泛代谢。人单次口服[14C]标记的哌柏西利125mg后,哌柏西利的主要代谢途径是磺化和氧化,次要途径是葡萄糖苷酸化和酰化。血循环中检测到的主要为哌柏西利原型药。 大部分以代谢物形式排泄。哌柏西利的氨基磺酸结合物是在粪便中发现的主要药物相关成分,占给药剂量的25.8%。采用人肝细胞、肝胞浆和人肝S9组份以及重组磺基转移酶(SULT)酶进行的体外研究表明主要参与哌柏西利代谢的酶为CYP3A和SULT2A1。 消除 在晚期乳腺癌患者中,哌柏西利的几何平均表观口服清除率(CL/F)为63L/h,平均血浆消除半衰期为28.8小时。6例健康男性受试者单次口服[14C]哌柏西利后,在15天内回收到了总放射量的92%(中位数);粪便(剂量的74%)为主要排泄途径,尿中回收了17%的剂量。经粪便和尿液排泄的哌柏西利原型药的回收率分别占给药剂量的2%和7%。 在体外研究中,在临床相关浓度时,哌柏西利不是CYP1A2、2A6、2B6、2C8、2C9、2C19和2D6的抑制剂,也不是CYP1A2、2B6、2C8和3A4的诱导剂。 体外评价表明,在临床相关浓度时,哌柏西利对有机阴离子转运体(OrganicAnionTransporter,OAT)1、OAT3、有机阳离子转运体(OrganicCationTransporter,OCT)2、有机阴离子转运多肽(OrganicAnionTransportingPolypeptide,OATP)1B1、OATP1B3和胆盐输出泵(BileSaltExportPump,BSEP)活性的抑制作用较弱。 特殊人群 年龄、性别和体重 基于一项包括183例癌症患者(50例男性和133例女性患者,年龄范围:22-89岁,体重范围:38-123kg)的群体药代动力学分析,性别对哌柏西利的暴露量没有影响,年龄和体重对哌柏西利的暴露量没有具临床意义的影响。 儿科人群 尚未在年龄18岁的患者中评估哌柏西利的药代动力学。 肝损伤 在不同程度肝功能受试者中进行了一项药代动力学试验,数据表明,与肝功能正常受试者相比,轻度肝损伤(Child-PughA级)受试者中游离的哌柏西利暴露量(游离AUCinf)降低17%,而中度(Child-PughB级)和重度(Child-PughC级)肝损伤受试者分别增加34%和77%;轻度、中度和重度肝损伤受试者中游离的哌柏西利峰浓度(Cmax)分别增加7%、38%和72%。此外,基于一项包括183例晚期癌症患者的群体药代动力学分析,其中包括40例轻度肝损伤患者(基于,NCI分类;总胆红素≤ULN和AST>ULN,或总胆红素>1.01.5×ULN和任意水平AST),轻度肝损伤对哌柏西利的药代动力学无影响。 肾损伤 在不同程度肾功能受试者中进行了一项药代动力学试验,数据表明,与肾功能正常(CrCl ≥90 mL/min)受试者相比,轻度(60mL/min≤CrCl<90mL/min)、中度(30mL/min≤CrCl<60mL/min)和重度(CrCl<30mL/min)肾损伤受试者对哌柏西利的总暴露量(AUCinf)分别增加39%、42%和31%;哌柏西利峰暴露量(Cmax)分别增加17%、12%和15%。此外,基于一项包括183例晚期癌症患者的群体药代动力学分析,其中包括73例轻度肾损伤患者和29例中度肾损伤,轻度和中度肾损伤对哌柏西利的药代动力学无影响。尚未在需要血液透析患者中研究哌柏西利的药代动力学。 亚裔人群 在日本健康志愿者中进行了一项药代动力学,与非亚裔受试者相比,日本受试者单次口服给药后的哌柏西利AUCinf和Cmax分别高出30%和35%。但在后续研究中,日本或亚裔乳腺癌患者接受多次给药后未观察到上述结果。基于亚裔和非亚裔人群的累积药代动力学、安全性和疗效数据分析,不需要基于亚裔人种进行剂量调整。 中国人群 研究A5481019(n=26)在既往未接受过任何针对晚期疾病的全身性抗癌治疗的ER阳性、HER2阴性的绝经后晚期乳腺癌中国患者中评价哌柏西利与来曲唑联合治疗的PK特征。该研究中所观测到的中国患者哌柏西利的药代动力学特征与PALOMA-2和PALOMA-3研究中非中国患者的药代动力学特征一致。在A5481019研究中的中国患者的谷浓度与PALOMA-2研究中所观测到的谷浓度一致,不需要基于中国人群进行剂量调整。
吸收和分布
口服Palbociclib后,平均C max浓度通常在6至12小时(达到最大浓度Tmax)观察到。口服125 mg剂量后,IBRANCE的平均绝对生物利用度为46%。在25mg至225mg的给药范围内,AUC和Cmax升高与剂量成正比。每日给药一次,重复8天内达稳定状态。每天重复给药,palbociclib中位数累积比为2.4(范围1.5-4.2)。
食物效应:在约13%的人群中,在禁食条件下,palbociclib吸收和暴露非常低。食物摄入支持IBRANCE可与食物同服。
与人体血浆蛋白在体外的结合率约为85%,在500 ng / mL到5000 ng / mL之间无浓度依赖性。 几何平均明显分布体积(Vz / F)为2583L(26%CV)。
代谢与清除
体外和体内研究表明,palbociclib在人体经由肝代谢。单次口服125毫克剂量的[14C] palbociclib,主要代谢途径为palbociclib的氧化和磺化,而酰化和葡糖苷酸作为次要途径。
Palbociclib是主要的血浆中循环药物衍生物(23%)。主要的循环代谢物是palbociclib的葡糖苷酸缀合物,尽管它仅占排泄物中给药剂量的1.5%。 Palbociclib代谢物占粪便和尿液中放射活性的2.3%和6.9%。在粪便中,palbociclib的氨基磺酸结合物是主要的药物相关成分,占给药剂量的26%。人肝细胞体外研究表明,肝细胞溶质和S9片段,重组SULT酶标明CYP3A和SULT2A1主要参与palbociclib的新陈代谢。
palbociclib的几何平均口服清除率(CL / F)为63.1L / hr(29%CV),晚期乳癌患者的平均(±标准差)血浆消除半衰期为29(±5)小时。 给予单次口服剂量[14C] palbociclib的6名健康男性受试者,中位数91.6%的总给药放射活性剂量在15天内恢复; 粪便(占74.1%)是主要的排泄途径,尿中17.5%的剂量回收。 大部分被作为代谢物排泄掉。
年龄,性别和体重
根据183例癌症患者的群体药代动力学分析(男性50例,女性133例)患者年龄范围为22〜89岁,体重范围为37.9〜123公斤),性别对palbociclib的暴露无影响,年龄和体重也无明显影响。
【药物相互作用】
哌柏西利主要被CYP3A和磺基转移酶(Sulphotransferase,SULT)SULT2A1代谢。在体内,哌柏西利是CYP3A的时间-依赖性弱抑制剂。 其它药品对哌柏西利药代动力学的影响 CYP3A抑制剂的影响 同时给予多剂量200mg伊曲康唑与单剂量125mg哌柏西利,相对于单独给予单剂量125mg哌柏西利,哌柏西利的全身暴露量(AUCinf)和峰浓度(Cmax)分别增加了约87%和34%。 应避免与强效CYP3A抑制剂合用,包括但不限于:克拉霉素、茚地那韦、伊曲康唑、酮康唑、洛匹那韦/利托那韦、奈法唑酮、奈非那韦、泊沙康唑、沙奎那韦、特拉匹韦、泰利霉素、伏立康唑和葡萄柚或葡萄柚汁(见[用法用量]和[注意事项])。 与轻度和中度CYP3A抑制剂合用时无需调整剂量。 CYP3A诱导剂的影响 同时给予多剂量600 mg利福平与单剂量125mg哌柏西利,相对于单独给予单剂量125mg哌柏西利,哌柏西利AUCinf和Cmax分别降低了约85%和70%。 应避免与强效CYP3A诱导剂合用,包括但不限于:卡马西平、恩杂鲁胺、苯妥英、利福平和圣约翰草(见[禁忌]和[注意事项])。 同时给予多剂量每天400 mg莫达非尼(一种中效CYP3A诱导剂)与单剂量125mg哌柏西利,相对于单独给予单剂量125mg哌柏西利,哌柏西利AUCinf和Cmax分别降低了约32%和11%。与中效CYP3A诱导剂合用时无需调整剂量(见[注意事项])。 抗酸药的影响 餐后(摄入中脂餐)同时给予多剂量质子泵抑制剂(ProtonPumpInhibitor,PPI)雷贝拉唑与单剂量125mg哌柏西利,相对于单独给予单剂量125mg哌柏西利,哌柏西利Cmax降低了41%,但对AUCinf的影响有限(降低了13%)。 空腹条件下同时给予多剂量质子泵抑制剂(PPI)雷贝拉唑与单剂量125mg哌柏西利,哌柏西利AUCinf和Cmax分别降低了62%和80%。因此,哌柏西利应与食物同服,最好随餐服用(见[用法用量]和[药代动力学])。 鉴于H2受体拮抗剂和局部抗酸剂与PPI相比对胃内pH的影响较小,哌柏西利与食物同服时,预期H2受体拮抗剂或局部抗酸剂对哌柏西利的暴露量无临床相关影响。 哌柏西利对其它药品药代动力学的影响 在每天给予125mg达到稳态后,哌柏西利是一种弱的时间-依赖性CYP3A抑制剂。与咪达唑仑单独给药相比,多剂量哌柏西利与咪达唑仑同时给药时,咪达唑仑AUCinf和Cmax值分别增加了61%和37%。 治疗指数狭窄的敏感CYP3A4底物(如,阿芬太尼、环孢素、双氢麦角胺、麦角胺、依维莫司、芬太尼、匹莫齐特、奎尼丁、西罗莫司和他克莫司)与哌柏西利同时使用时可能需要降低剂量,因为哌柏西利可增加它们的暴露量。 哌柏西利与来曲唑之间的药物相互作用 一项乳腺癌患者临床研究的药物相互作用(Drug-DrugInteraction,DDI)评价部分的数据表明,哌柏西利与来曲唑联用时,两种药品之间无药物相互作用。 他莫昔芬对哌柏西利暴露量的影响 在健康男性受试者中进行的一项DDI研究的数据表明,单剂量哌柏西利与多剂量他莫昔芬同时给药,与哌柏西利单独给药时的暴露量相当。 哌柏西利与氟维司群之间的药物相互作用 在乳腺癌患者中进行的一项临床研究的数据表明,哌柏西利与氟维司群联用时,两种药品之间无临床相关药物相互作用。 哌柏西利与口服避孕药之间的药物相互作用 尚未对哌柏西利与口服避孕药之间的DDI进行研究(见[孕妇和哺乳期妇女用药])。 与转运蛋白的体外研究 根据体外研究数据,预计哌柏西利抑制肠道P-糖蛋白(P-Glycoprotein,P-gp)和乳腺癌耐药蛋白质(BreastCancerResistanceProtein,BCRP)介导的转运。因此,哌柏西利与P-gp(如,地高辛、达比加群、秋水仙碱)或BCRP(如,普伐他汀、瑞舒伐他汀、柳氮磺胺吡啶)的底物类药品合并用药可增加它们的治疗作用和不良反应。 根据体外研究数据,哌柏西利可抑制摄取转运体有机阳离子转运蛋白OCT1,因此可增加该转运蛋白的底物类药品(如,二甲双胍)的暴露量。
【药物过量 】
尚无针对哌柏西利的特效解毒药。如果哌柏西利用药过量,可能出现胃肠道(如,恶心、呕吐)和血液学(如,中性粒细胞减少症)毒性,应给予一般的支持性治疗。
【临床试验 】
随机Ⅲ期研究PALOMA-2:哌柏西利与来曲唑联用作为雌激素受体(ER)阳性、HER2阴性的晚期或转移性乳腺癌患者初始内分泌治疗 在ER阳性、HER2阴性的不能通过手术切除或放疗治愈的局部晚期乳腺癌患者或既往未接受过针对转移灶的全身治疗的晚期乳腺癌患者中进行了一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、国际多中心研究,评价了哌柏西利与来曲唑联用和来曲唑与安慰剂联用的疗效。 共计666例绝经后妇女以2:1的比例随机分配至哌柏西利 来曲唑组或安慰剂 来曲唑组,并按病灶部位(内脏、非内脏)、从完成(新)辅助治疗至疾病复发的无病间期(新发转移、12个月、>12个月)、既往(新)辅助抗肿瘤治疗的类型(既往激素治疗、无既往激素治疗)分层。研究排除了存在晚期、症状性、内脏转移,短期内可能出现危及生命的并发症(包括大量积液无法控制[胸膜积液、心包液、腹膜积液]、肺淋巴管炎以及肝脏受累面积超过50%)的患者。 患者持续接受分配的治疗,直到发生客观疾病进展、症状恶化、不可接受的毒性、死亡或撤销同意书,以先发生者为准。不允许治疗组间交叉治疗。 哌柏西利 来曲唑组与安慰剂 来曲唑组之间患者的基线人口统计学以及预后特征具有可比性。入组本研究的患者的中位年龄为62岁(范围:28-89岁),多数患者为白种人(78%),且多数患者的美国东部肿瘤协作组(ECOG)体力状态(PS)为0或1(98%)。在诊断为晚期乳腺癌前,48.3%患者接受过化疗和56.3%患者接受过抗激素治疗,37.2%的患者既往未接受过全身治疗。大多数患者(97.4%)在基线时有转移病灶,23.6%的患者只有骨转移,49.2%的患者有内脏转移。
研究的主要终点是由研究者按照实体瘤疗效评价标准(ResponseEvaluationCriteriainSolidTumors,RECIST)v1.1评估的无进展生存期(Progression-FreeSurvival,PFS)。次要疗效终点包括客观缓解率(ObjectiveResponseRate,ORR)、临床获益缓解(ClinicalBenefitResponse,CBR)、安全性和生活质量(QualityofLife,QoL)变化。 研究达到了主要终点。哌柏西利 来曲唑组与安慰剂 来曲唑组患者的中位PFS分别为24.8个月(95%CI:22.1,NE)和14.5个月(95%CI:12.9,17.1)。风险比(HazardRatio,HR)为0.576(95%CI:0.46,0.72),单侧分层对数秩检验p值<0.000001。 PALOMA-2研究的疗效数据总结于表6中,PFS的Kaplan-Meier曲线见图1。 基于预后因素和基线特征进行一系列预先定义的亚组PFS分析以考察治疗效果的内部一致性。在所有个体患者亚组(按分层因素以及基线特征定义)中观察到了哌柏西利 来曲唑组可降低疾病进展风险或死亡风险。该结果在以下患者中较为显著:内脏转移患者(HR=0.67[95%CI:0.50,0.89],mPFS为19.2个月与12.9个月),或不伴内脏转移的患者(HR=0.48[95%CI:0.34,0.67],mPFS为未达到[NR]与16.8个月),或仅发生骨转移的患者(HR=0.36[95%CI:0.22,0.59],mPFS为NR与11.2个月),或没有仅骨转移的患者(HR=0.65[95%CI:0.51,0.84],mPFS为22.2个月与14.5个月)。与之相似,在512例通过免疫组化(Immunohistochemistry,IHC)检测肿瘤Rb蛋白质表达结果呈阳性的患者中,观察到哌柏西利 来曲唑的疾病进展或死亡风险下降(HR=0.531[95%CI:0.42,0.68],mPFS为24.2个月与13.7个月)。在51例通过IHC检测肿瘤Rb蛋白质表达结果呈阴性的患者中,虽不具有统计学显著性,但哌柏西利联合来曲唑有利于疾病进展或死亡风险的下降(HR=0.675[95%CI:0.31,1.48],mPFS为NR与18.5个月)。 在伴或不伴内脏转移的患者亚组中评估的其它疗效指标(ORR和TTR)见表7。
【贮藏】
应在20--25°C;外出允许至15°-30°C。
【有效期】36个月
Pronunciation
(pal boe SYE klib)
Index TermsPalbociclib IsethionatePD 0332991PD-0332991PD-332991Dosage FormsExcipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Capsule, Oral:
Ibrance: 75 mg, 100 mg, 125 mg
Brand Names: U.S.IbrancePharmacologic CategoryAntineoplastic Agent, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase InhibitorPharmacologyPalbociclib is a reversible small molecule cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor which is selective for CDK 4 and 6. CDKs have a role in regulating progression through the cell cycle at the G1/S phase by blocking retinoblastoma (Rb) hyperphosphorylation (Finn 2015). Palbociclib reduces proliferation of breast cancer cell lines by preventing progression from the G1 to the S cell cycle phase. The combination of palbociclib with an antiestrogen provides for increased inhibition of Rb phosphorylation, downstream signaling, and tumor growth compared with each agent alone.
AbsorptionIncreased with high-fat, high-calorie food
DistributionVd (mean): 2,583 L
MetabolismExtensively hepatic; Major pathways: Oxidation and sulfonation, primarily by CYP3A and sulfotransferase (SULT) enzyme SULT2A1; Minor pathways: Acylation and glucuronidation
ExcretionFeces (~74%, primarily as metabolites); Urine (~18%; primarily as metabolites)
Time to Peak6 to 12 hours
Half-Life Elimination29 ± 5 hours
Protein Binding~85%
Use: Labeled IndicationsBreast cancer, advanced (initial endocrine-based therapy): Treatment of hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer (in combination with an aromatase inhibitor) in postmenopausal women as initial endocrine-based therapy
Breast cancer, advanced (with disease progression following endocrine therapy): Treatment of HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer (in combination with fulvestrant) in women with disease progression following endocrine therapy
ContraindicationsThere are no contraindications listed in the US manufacturer's labeling.
Canadian labeling: Hypersensitivity to palbociclib or any component of the formulation
Dosing: AdultNote: Refer to aromatase inhibitor or fulvestrant monographs for respective dosing in combination with palbociclib.
Breast cancer, advanced, initial endocrine-based therapy: Females (HER-2 negative): Oral: 125 mg once daily for 21 days, followed by 7 days off, repeat every 28 days (in combination with continuous aromatase inhibitor therapy); continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (Finn 2015).
Breast cancer, advanced (with disease progression following endocrine therapy): Females (HER-2 negative): Oral: 125 mg once daily for 21 days, followed by 7 days off, repeat every 28 days (in combination with fulvestrant [and an LHRH agonist (eg, goserelin) if pre- or perimenopausal]); continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (Turner 2015).
Missed/vomited doses: If a dose is vomited or missed, an additional dose should not be taken that day. Resume dosing with the next scheduled daily dose.
Dosage adjustment for concomitant therapy:
Strong CYP3A inhibitors: Avoid concomitant use with strong CYP3A inhibitors (eg, azole antifungals, clarithromycin, nefazodone, protease inhibitors, telithromycin, verapamil, grapefruit or grapefruit juice) and consider alternatives with no or minimal CYP3A inhibition. If coadministration with a strong CYP3A inhibitor cannot be avoided, reduce palbociclib dose to 75 mg once daily. If the strong inhibitor is discontinued, increase palbociclib dose (after 3 to 5 inhibitor half-lives have elapsed) to the dose used prior to initiating the strong CYP3A inhibitor.
CYP3A inducers: Avoid concomitant use with strong CYP3A inducers.
Dosing: GeriatricRefer to adult dosing.
Dosing: Renal ImpairmentCrCl 30 to <90 mL/minute: There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer’s labeling, however, since palbociclib exposure is not increased, dosage adjustments are not likely necessary.
CrCl <30 mL/minute: There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling (has not been studied).
Dosing: Hepatic ImpairmentMild impairment (total bilirubin ≤ ULN and AST > ULN or total bilirubin >1 to 1.5 times ULN and any AST): There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling, however, since palbociclib exposure is not increased, dosage adjustments are not likely necessary.
Moderate to severe impairment (total bilirubin >1.5 times ULN and any AST): There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer's labeling (has not been studied).
Dosing: Adjustment for ToxicityMay require treatment interruption/delay, dose reduction, or discontinuation for some adverse reactions. The recommended first dose reduction is to 100 mg daily; if a second reduction is required, reduce dose to 75 mg daily. If dose reduction below 75 mg daily is required, discontinue treatment.
Hematologic toxicity (except lymphopenia unless associated with clinical events [eg, opportunistic infection]), according to Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4:
Grade 1 or 2: No dosage adjustment required.
Grade 3:
Day 1 of cycle: Withhold palbociclib therapy and repeat CBC with differential within 1 week. When improved to ≤ grade 2, initiate the next cycle at the same dose.
Day 15 of first 2 cycles: If at grade 3, continue palbociclib therapy at current dose to complete the cycle. Repeat CBC with differential on day 22. If at grade 4 on day 22, withhold palbociclib treatment until resolved to ≤ grade 2. After resolution, resume at next lower dose. Consider dose reduction in future cycles if recovery from grade 3 neutropenia is prolonged (>1 week) or for recurrent grade 3 neutropenia on day 1 of subsequent cycles.
Grade 3 (ANC 500/mm3 to <1,000/mm3) plus fever ≥38.5°C and/or infection at any time: Withhold palbociclib treatment until resolved to ≤ grade 2. Resume at next lower dose upon restarting.
Grade 4 at any time: Withhold palbociclib treatment until resolved to ≤ grade 2. After resolution, resume at next lower dose.
Nonhematologic toxicity (according to Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4):
Grade 1 or 2: No dosage adjustment required.
Grade 3 or higher (if persistent despite optimal medical management): Withhold palbociclib until symptoms resolve to ≤ grade 1 or ≤ grade 2 (if toxicity is not a safety risk); after resolution, resume at the next lower dose.
AdministrationOral: Administer with food. Take at approximately the same time each day. Swallow whole, do not crush, chew, or open capsules prior to swallowing (do not ingest if capsules are broken, cracked, or not fully intact).
Dietary ConsiderationsAvoid grapefruit.
StorageStore at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions are permitted between 15°C and 30°C (59°F and 86°F).
Drug InteractionsAprepitant: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inhibitors).Monitor therapy
ARIPiprazole: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Weak) may increase the serum concentration of ARIPiprazole. Management: Monitor for increased aripiprazole pharmacologic effects. Aripiprazole dose adjustments may or may not be required based on concomitant therapy and/or indication. Consult full interaction monograph for specific recommendations. Monitor therapy
BCG (Intravesical): Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of BCG (Intravesical). Avoid combination
BCG (Intravesical): Myelosuppressive Agents may diminish the therapeutic effect of BCG (Intravesical).Avoid combination
CloZAPine: Myelosuppressive Agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of CloZAPine. Specifically, the risk for neutropenia may be increased. Monitor therapy
Coccidioides immitis Skin Test: Immunosuppressants may diminish the diagnostic effect of Coccidioides immitis Skin Test. Monitor therapy
Conivaptan: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inhibitors).Avoid combination
CYP3A4 Inducers (Moderate): May decrease the serum concentration of Palbociclib. Management: The US label does not provide specific recommendations concerning use with moderate CYP3A4 inducers, but the Canadian label recommends avoiding use of moderate CYP3A4 inducers. Consider therapy modification
CYP3A4 Inducers (Strong): May decrease the serum concentration of Palbociclib. Avoid combination
CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate): May decrease the metabolism of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inhibitors). Monitor therapy
CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Strong): May increase the serum concentration of Palbociclib. Avoid combination
CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inhibitors): Palbociclib may increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inhibitors). Monitor therapy
Dabrafenib: May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inducers). Management: Seek alternatives to the CYP3A4 substrate when possible. If concomitant therapy cannot be avoided, monitor clinical effects of the substrate closely (particularly therapeutic effects). Consider therapy modification
Dasatinib: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inhibitors).Monitor therapy
Deferasirox: May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inducers).Monitor therapy
Deferiprone: Myelosuppressive Agents may enhance the neutropenic effect of Deferiprone. Avoid combination
Denosumab: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Immunosuppressants. Specifically, the risk for serious infections may be increased. Monitor therapy
Dipyrone: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Myelosuppressive Agents. Specifically, the risk for agranulocytosis and pancytopenia may be increased Avoid combination
Dofetilide: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Weak) may increase the serum concentration of Dofetilide. Monitor therapy
Echinacea: May diminish the therapeutic effect of Immunosuppressants. Consider therapy modification
Fingolimod: Immunosuppressants may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Fingolimod. Management: Avoid the concomitant use of fingolimod and other immunosuppressants when possible. If combined, monitor patients closely for additive immunosuppressant effects (eg, infections). Consider therapy modification
Flibanserin: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Weak) may increase the serum concentration of Flibanserin. Monitor therapy
Fosaprepitant: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inhibitors).Monitor therapy
Fusidic Acid (Systemic): May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inhibitors). Avoid combination
Grapefruit Juice: May increase the serum concentration of Palbociclib. Avoid combination
HYDROcodone: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Weak) may increase the serum concentration of HYDROcodone.Monitor therapy
Idelalisib: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inhibitors). Avoid combination
Leflunomide: Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Leflunomide. Specifically, the risk for hematologic toxicity such as pancytopenia, agranulocytosis, and/or thrombocytopenia may be increased. Management: Consider not using a leflunomide loading dose in patients receiving other immunosuppressants. Patients receiving both leflunomide and another immunosuppressant should be monitored for bone marrow suppression at least monthly. Consider therapy modification
Lomitapide: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Weak) may increase the serum concentration of Lomitapide. Management: Patients on lomitapide 5 mg/day may continue that dose. Patients taking lomitapide 10 mg/day or more should decrease the lomitapide dose by half. The lomitapide dose may then be titrated up to a max adult dose of 30 mg/day. Consider therapy modification
Natalizumab: Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Natalizumab. Specifically, the risk of concurrent infection may be increased. Avoid combination
Netupitant: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inhibitors).Monitor therapy
NiMODipine: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Weak) may increase the serum concentration of NiMODipine. Monitor therapy
Nivolumab: Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Nivolumab. Consider therapy modification
Ocrelizumab: May enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Immunosuppressants. Monitor therapy
Pidotimod: Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Pidotimod. Monitor therapy
Pimecrolimus: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Immunosuppressants. Avoid combination
Pimozide: CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Weak) may increase the serum concentration of Pimozide. Avoid combination
Pitolisant: May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inducers). Management: Combined use of pitolisant with a CYP3A4 substrate that has a narrow therapeutic index should be avoided. Other CYP3A4 substrates should be monitored more closely when used with pitolisant. Consider therapy modification
Promazine: May enhance the myelosuppressive effect of Myelosuppressive Agents. Monitor therapy
Roflumilast: May enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Immunosuppressants. Consider therapy modification
Sarilumab: May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inducers).Monitor therapy
Siltuximab: May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inducers).Monitor therapy
Simeprevir: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inhibitors).Monitor therapy
Sipuleucel-T: Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Sipuleucel-T. Monitor therapy
St John's Wort: May decrease the serum concentration of Palbociclib. Avoid combination
Stiripentol: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inhibitors). Management: Use of stiripentol with CYP3A4 substrates that are considered to have a narrow therapeutic index should be avoided due to the increased risk for adverse effects and toxicity. Any CYP3A4 substrate used with stiripentol requires closer monitoring. Consider therapy modification
Tacrolimus (Topical): May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Immunosuppressants. Avoid combination
Tertomotide: Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Tertomotide. Monitor therapy
Tocilizumab: May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates (High risk with Inducers).Monitor therapy
Tofacitinib: Immunosuppressants may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Tofacitinib. Management: Concurrent use with antirheumatic doses of methotrexate or nonbiologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) is permitted, and this warning seems particularly focused on more potent immunosuppressants. Consider therapy modification
Trastuzumab: May enhance the neutropenic effect of Immunosuppressants. Monitor therapy
Vaccines (Inactivated): Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Vaccines (Inactivated). Management: Vaccine efficacy may be reduced. Complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to starting an immunosuppressant. If vaccinated during immunosuppressant therapy, revaccinate at least 3 months after immunosuppressant discontinuation.Consider therapy modification
Vaccines (Live): Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Vaccines (Live). Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Vaccines (Live). Management: Avoid use of live organism vaccines with immunosuppressants; live-attenuated vaccines should not be given for at least 3 months after immunosuppressants. Avoid combination
Adverse ReactionsPercentages reported as part of combination therapy.
>10%:
Central nervous system: Fatigue (41%), headache (26%), peripheral neuropathy (13%)
Dermatologic: Alopecia (18% to 22%), skin rash (17%)
Gastrointestinal: Nausea (25% to 34%), stomatitis (25% to 28%), diarrhea (21% to 24%), constipation (20%), vomiting (15% to 19%), decreased appetite (16%)
Hematologic & oncologic: Neutropenia (75% to 83%; grade 3: 48% to 55%; grade 4: 6% to 11%), decreased absolute lymphocyte count (81%; grade 3: 17%; grade 4: 1%), anemia (30% to 78%; grade 3: 3% to 5%; grade 4: ≤1%), leukopenia (43% to 53%; grade 3: 19% to 30%; grade 4: ≤1%), thrombocytopenia (17% to 23%; grade 3: 2%; grade 4: ≤1%)
Infection: Infection (47% to 55%)
Neuromuscular & skeletal: Weakness (8% to 13%)
Respiratory: Upper respiratory tract infection (31%), epistaxis (7% to 11%)
Miscellaneous: Fever (13%)
1% to 10%:
Cardiovascular: Pulmonary embolism (1% to 5%)
Dermatologic: Xeroderma (6%)
Gastrointestinal: Dysgeusia (7%)
Hematologic & oncologic: Febrile neutropenia (1%; grade 3: 1%)
Ophthalmic: Blurred vision (6%), increased lacrimation (6%), dry eye syndrome (4%)
Warnings/PrecautionsConcerns related to adverse effects:
• Bone marrow suppression: Neutropenia was commonly observed in clinical studies, including grades 3 and 4 neutropenia. The median time to the first neutropenia episode (any grade) was 15 days; the median duration of grade 3 or higher neutropenia was 7 days. Leukopenia, anemia, lymphocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenic fever, and neutropenic sepsis have also been reported. Monitor blood counts prior to initiating therapy and at the beginning of each cycle (as well as on day 15 of the first 2 cycles), and as clinically necessary; if neutropenia is limited to grades 1 or 2 in the first 6 cycles, monitor every 3 months (prior to the beginning of a cycle) and as clinically indicated for subsequent cycles. Treatment interruption, delay, or dose reduction is recommended for grade 3 or 4 neutropenia.
• Gastrointestinal toxicity: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomatitis (generally grade 1 or 2) were reported from clinical studies.
• Infection: Infections (including grades 3 and 4) were reported more frequently in patients receiving palbociclib and an antiestrogen compared with those receiving an antiestrogen only. Monitor for signs/symptoms of infection and manage appropriately.
Concurrent drug therapy issues:
• Drug-drug interactions: Potentially significant interactions may exist, requiring dose or frequency adjustment, additional monitoring, and/or selection of alternative therapy. Consult drug interactions database for more detailed information.
Monitoring ParametersCBC with differential (prior to treatment initiation, every 2 weeks for first 2 cycles, then prior to each cycle, and as clinically indicated; if neutropenia is limited to grades 1 or 2 in the first 6 cycles, monitor every 3 months [prior to the beginning of a cycle] and as clinically indicated for subsequent cycles); pregnancy test prior to treatment initiation (in women of reproductive potential); monitor for signs/symptoms of infection.
Pregnancy ConsiderationsAdverse events were observed in animal reproduction studies. Based on the mechanism of action, palbociclib may be expected to cause fetal harm if used during pregnancy. In women of reproductive potential, a pregnancy test is recommended prior to treatment initiation. Women of reproductive potential should use effective contraception during treatment and for at least 3 weeks after the last dose. Males with female partners of reproductive potential should use effective contraception during treatment and for 3 months after the last dose. Although not approved for use in men, animal data suggests that palbociclib may affect male fertility.
Patient Education• Discuss specific use of drug and side effects with patient as it relates to treatment. (HCAHPS: During this hospital stay, were you given any medicine that you had not taken before? Before giving you any new medicine, how often did hospital staff tell you what the medicine was for? How often did hospital staff describe possible side effects in a way you could understand?)
• Patient may experience lack of appetite, diarrhea, hair thinning or loss, mouth sores, mouth irritation, nausea, vomiting, dry skin, or change in taste. Have patient report immediately to prescriber signs of infection, bruising, bleeding, dizziness, nosebleed, severe loss of strength and energy, or shortness of breath (HCAHPS).
• Educate patient about signs of a significant reaction (eg, wheezing; chest tightness; fever; itching; bad cough; blue skin color; seizures; or swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat). Note: This is not a comprehensive list of all side effects. Patient should consult prescriber for additional questions.
Intended Use and Disclaimer: Should not be printed and given to patients. This information is intended to serve as a concise initial reference for health care professionals to use when discussing medications with a patient. You must ultimately rely on your own discretion, experience, and judgment in diagnosing, treating, and advising patients.